Cloud Application

Development
Unit 3
Unit-3 Cloud Application Development
3.1 Designing Cloud Applications
3.2 Cloud Application Development Tools and Frameworks
3.3 Deploying and Scaling Applications in the Cloud
3.4 Best Practices in Cloud Application Development

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3.1 Designing Cloud
Applications

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3.1 Designing Cloud Applications
3.1.1 Cloud-Native Design Principles
3.1.2 Architectural Patterns for Cloud Applications
3.1.3 Scalability and Performance Optimization
3.1.4 Security Considerations in Cloud Application Design
3.1.5 Deployment Strategies and CI/CD Pipelines

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3.1.1 Cloud-Native Design Principles
• Scalability:
• Applications should scale automatically to meet demand (horizontal
scaling, auto-scaling).

• Resilience:
• Design for failure with redundancy, failover mechanisms, and
self-healing capabilities.

• Loose Coupling:
• Services should interact via APIs, ensuring independence and flexibility.

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3.1.1 Cloud-Native Design Principles
•Statelessness:
• Applications should not store session data locally but use distributed
storage solutions.

•Automation:
• Use CI/CD pipelines and Infrastructure as Code (IaC) to automate
deployment and management.

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3.1.2 Architectural Patterns for Cloud
Applications
• Microservices Architecture:
• Break applications into independent, modular services.

• Serverless Architecture:
• Use cloud functions (AWS Lambda, Azure Functions) to run code on demand
without managing infrastructure.

• Event-Driven Architecture:
• Use messaging systems (Kafka, AWS SNS/SQS) to decouple components
and enable real-time processing.

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3.1.2 Architectural Patterns for Cloud
Applications
• Multi-Tier Architecture:
• Divide the application into separate layers (presentation, business
logic, data) for better scalability and maintainability.

• Monolith to Cloud Transition:

• Strategies to refactor monolithic applications for cloud readine

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3.1.3 Scalability and Performance
Optimization
• Load Balancing:
• Distribute traffic evenly across multiple instances to ensure optimal
resource usage.

• Auto-Scaling:
• Automatically adjust resource allocation based on demand.

• Caching Strategies:
• Use in-memory caches (Redis, Memcached) and CDNs to reduce
latency.
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3.1.3 Scalability and Performance
Optimization
• Database Scaling:
• Choose between horizontal (sharding) and vertical scaling based on
application needs.

• Performance Monitoring:
• Continuously track and optimize application performance using tools
like AWS CloudWatch or Prometheus

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3.1.4 Security Considerations in Cloud
Application Design
• Identity and Access Management (IAM):
• Use role-based access control (RBAC) to restrict resource access.

• Data Encryption:
• Ensure data is encrypted both in transit (TLS) and at rest (AES).

• API Security:
• Implement authentication (OAuth, JWT) and rate limiting to protect
APIs from abuse.

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3.1.4 Security Considerations in Cloud
Application Design
• Compliance:
• Adhere to industry regulations such as GDPR, HIPAA, etc.

• Zero Trust Architecture:

• Assume no trust and enforce strict access controls at every layer

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3.1.5 Deployment Strategies and CI/CD
Pipelines
• Continuous Integration (CI):
• Automate code integration and testing to ensure frequent releases.

• Continuous Deployment (CD):

• Automate deployment to production with zero downtime.

• Infrastructure as Code (IaC):

• Use tools like Terraform or AWS CloudFormation to define cloud
resources programmatically.

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3.1.5 Deployment Strategies and CI/CD
Pipelines
• Rolling Updates and Blue-Green Deployments:
• Minimize downtime and reduce deployment risks.

• Containerization:
• Use Docker and Kubernetes for packaging and orchestrating
applications efficiently.

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 3.2 Cloud Application
Development Tools and
Frameworks

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3.2 Cloud Application Development
Tools and Frameworks
3.2.1 Development Tools for Cloud Applications
3.2.2 Cloud Application Development Frameworks
3.2.3 Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)
Tools
3.2.4 Cloud Database and Storage Solutions

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3.2.1 Development Tools for Cloud
Applications
• Infrastructure as Code (IaC):
• Terraform, AWS CloudFormation, Azure Resource Manager (ARM).

• Automates cloud resource provisioning and management.

• Containerization and Orchestration:

• Docker (containerization), Kubernetes (orchestration).

• Allows applications to run consistently across environments.

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3.2.1 Development Tools for Cloud
Applications
• Serverless Development Tools:
• AWS SAM (Serverless Application Model), Serverless Framework.

• Enables function-based cloud application development.

• Monitoring and Logging:

• Tools like Prometheus, Grafana, AWS CloudWatch, Azure Monitor.

• Helps in tracking performance and troubleshooting.

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3.2.2 Cloud Application Development
Frameworks
• Backend Development Frameworks:
• Node.js (Express.js), Python (Flask, Django), Java (Spring Boot), .NET
Core.
• Optimized for developing scalable cloud-native applications.

• Frontend Development Frameworks:

• React, Angular, Vue.js for building cloud-based web applications.
• Integration with cloud-hosted backends using REST/GraphQL APIs.

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3.2.2 Cloud Application Development
Frameworks
• Microservices Frameworks:
• Spring Boot (Java), Flask (Python), Micronaut.

• Helps in building distributed, cloud-native microservices.

• API Management Tools:

• AWS API Gateway, Azure API Management, Kong, Apigee.

• Manage and monitor APIs in cloud applications.

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3.2.3 Continuous Integration/Continuous
Deployment (CI/CD) Tools
• CI/CD Pipelines for Automation:
• Jenkins, GitHub Actions, GitLab CI/CD, CircleCI.

• Automates build, test, and deployment workflows.

• Cloud-Native CI/CD Services:

• AWS CodePipeline, Azure DevOps, Google Cloud Build.

• Provides native cloud integration for automating deployments.

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3.2.3 Continuous Integration/Continuous
Deployment (CI/CD) Tools
• Container Deployment Pipelines:
• Kubernetes with Helm charts for seamless deployment automation.

• Security and Compliance in CI/CD:

• Tools like SonarQube, Checkmarx for code quality and security checks.

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3.2.4 Cloud Database and Storage
Solutions
• Database Options:
• Relational Databases:
• AWS RDS, Azure SQL, Google Cloud SQL.

• NoSQL Databases:
• AWS DynamoDB, Firebase, MongoDB Atlas.

• Storage Solutions:
• AWS S3, Azure Blob Storage, Google Cloud Storage for scalable data
storage.
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3.2.4 Cloud Database and Storage
Solutions
• Backup and Disaster Recovery:
• Cloud-based automated backups and snapshots for data protection.

• Data Streaming and Analytics:

• AWS Kinesis, Apache Kafka, Google Pub/Sub for real-time data
processing.

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3.3 Deploying and Scaling
Applications in the Cloud

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3.3 Deploying and Scaling Applications in
the Cloud
• As a developer deploying and scaling an application in the cloud
requires a deep understanding of
• infrastructure
• deployment strategies
• scalability techniques
• automation tools
• cloud services

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3.3 Deploying and Scaling Applications in
the Cloud
• 3.3.1 Deployment Strategies in the Cloud

• 3.3.2 Cloud Deployment Configurations

• 3.3.3 Scaling Applications in the Cloud

• 3.3.4 CI/CD Pipelines for Cloud Deployment

• 3.3.5 Example scenarios

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3.3.1 Deployment Strategies in the Cloud
• 3.3.1.1. Traditional Deployment vs. Cloud-Native Deployment
• 3.3.1.2. Cloud Deployment Strategies

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3.3.1.1. Traditional Deployment vs.
Cloud-Native Deployment
• Traditional:
• Applications deployed on physical servers or virtual machines (manual
scaling, high maintenance).

• Cloud-Native:
• Uses cloud services (AWS, Azure, GCP) for automatic scaling,
managed resources and serverless computing.

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3.3.1.2. Cloud Deployment Strategies

Strategy Task Application in reak wold

Gradual deployment replacing Minor updates with zero
Rolling Deployment
old instances with new ones downtime
Two environments (Blue = old
Blue-Green Deployment Safe, instant rollback
Green = new) traffic is switched
Deploy to a small % of users
Canary Deployment Test impact on live users
before full rollout
Deploy functions instead of Event-driven apps (AWS
Serverless Deployment
entire applications Lambda, Azure Functions)

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3.3.2 Cloud Deployment Configurations
• 3.3.2.1 Compute Services (For Running Apps)

• 3.3.2.2 Storage Configurations

• 3.3.2.3 Networking Configurations

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3.3.2.1 Compute Services (For Running
Apps)
Cloud Provider Compute Service Features
AWS EC2 (Virtual Machines) Manual scaling, fully configurable
ECS (Elastic Container Service) Managed Docker containers
EKS (Elastic Kubernetes Service) Kubernetes orchestration
Lambda (Serverless) Event-driven, auto-scaling
Azure Azure VMs Custom virtual machines
Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) Managed Kubernetes
Azure App Service PaaS for Web Apps
Azure Functions Serverless computing
GCP Compute Engine VMs with auto-scaling
Google Kubernetes Engine
Kubernetes support
(GKE)
Cloud Run Run containers without servers
Cloud Functions Serverless execution
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3.3.2.2 Storage Configurations

Storage Type AWS Azure GCP Use Case

Static files,
Object Storage S3 Blob Storage Cloud Storage
backups
Block Storage EBS Managed Disks Persistent Disks VM storage
Cloud SQL, Relational &
Database Storage RDS, DynamoDB SQL, CosmosDB
Firestore NoSQL databases

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3.3.2.3 Networking Configurations

Feature AWS Azure GCP Purpose

Azure Load Cloud Load
Load Balancing ALB, ELB Distributes traffic
Balancer Balancer
Auto Scaling Virtual Machine Managed Instance Scales based on
Auto-Scaling
Groups Scale Sets Groups demand
Global content
CDN CloudFront Azure CDN Cloud CDN
caching

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3.3.3 Scaling Applications in the Cloud
• 3.3.3.1 Types of Scaling
• 3.3.3.2 Auto-Scaling Configuration

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3.3.3.1 Types of Scaling

Type Description Example

Increasing machine resources
Vertical Scaling Scaling up an EC2 instance
(CPU, RAM)

Horizontal Scaling Kubernetes pods

Adding more machines/instances
Scaling dynamically

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3.3.3.2 Auto-Scaling Configuration
AWS Example: Auto-Scaling an EC2 instance

Script in Yaml
resource "aws_autoscaling_group" "example" {
launch_configuration =
aws_launch_configuration.example.name
min_size =2
max_size = 10
desired_capacity = 3
}

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3.3.3.2 Auto-Scaling Configuration
Kubernetes Example: Auto-scaling pods

Script in Yaml
apiVersion: autoscaling/v2beta2
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
name: my-app-hpa
spec:
scaleTargetRef:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
name: my-app
minReplicas: 2
maxReplicas: 10 38
3.3.4 CI/CD Pipelines for Cloud
Deployment
• 3.3.4.1 Tools for Automated Deployment
• 3.3.4.2 CI/CD Pipeline for Kubernetes (GitHub Actions)
(Example)

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3.3.4.1 Tools for Automated Deployment

Category Tools
CI/CD Jenkins, GitHub Actions, GitLab CI/CD, CircleCI
Infrastructure as Code Terraform, AWS CloudFormation, Ansible
Kubernetes Deployment Helm, ArgoCD, Kustomize

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3.3.4.2 CI/CD Pipeline for Kubernetes
(GitHub Actions) (Example)
Script in Yaml
name: Deploy to Kubernetes
on:
push:
branches:
- main
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v2
- name: Build Docker Image 41
3.3.4.2 CI/CD Pipeline for Kubernetes
(GitHub Actions) (Example)
What Happens When You Push Code?
• GitHub triggers this workflow on push to main branch.
• It checks out the code from GitHub.
• It builds a Docker image from your project.
• It pushes the image to Docker Hub.
• It deploys the updated app to Kubernetes.

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3.3.5 Example Scenario 1
Scenario 1: E-Commerce App Handling Flash Sales
Challenge: High traffic spikes during Black Friday.
Solution:
• Deploy app on Kubernetes (EKS, AKS, GKE) for scalability.
• Use Auto-Scaling to spin up more pods dynamically.
• Use CloudFront/Azure CDN to serve static content faster.
• Implement Blue-Green Deployment to release updates safely.

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3.3.5 Example Scenario 2
Scenario 2: Real-Time Chat Application
Challenge: Needs high availability and low latency.
Solution:
• Deploy using Serverless (AWS Lambda, Azure Functions) for
cost efficiency.
• Use WebSockets via API Gateway to handle real-time
communication.
• Implement Multi-Region Deployment to reduce latency.

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3.3.5 Example Scenario 3
Scenario 3: Machine Learning Model Deployment
Challenge: Requires high computational power but scales
unpredictably.
Solution:
• Use GCP AI Platform or AWS SageMaker for model hosting.
• Store large datasets in S3/Blob Storage for easy access.
• Use Kubernetes GPU-enabled nodes for AI model inference.

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Unit III
Unit 3 Ends