INTRODUCTION

Railways are the most important ways of journey compared to road ways, airways, and water
ways. At first Railways were introduced for the transportation of goods like coal, raw materials.
It improved our country economically. The first railway was ran in 1837 in Russia. Before the
existence of Railways in India the chief means of transport were mules, bullock-cart, horses
doils and elephants. In some parts of India Camels and horses were also used as means of
transport. The first train in India was started between Bombay-Thane on 16 april,1853. The
train was run using three steam engines. The passenger Capacity at the start was 400 people
and at present it has gone to 40,000 people nearly.

Figure 1 The Ancient picture of a 1st train that had run between Bombay and thane.

The Indian railways are slowly developed by the Britishers from normal steam locomotives to
latest fiat bogie.

Transportation
Transportation acts like a a back bone of any economic,culture,social and development of a
country. As we transport our mobile data using cables under the earth we use railways to
transport infrastructure accordingly like Coal, Goods, Humans etc., .Steam engines were used as
a major engine for generating more power for railways. It is the key component of industrial
revolution. Railway reduced the cost of shipping because due to bad weather conditions the
ship may sink but where as in railways the impact is less. The Spread of Railway lines network
and the use of railway schedules, led to the standardization of railway time in Britain based on
Green which mean time. The Worlds First underground railway was opened in 19 th Century at
London. In later after years passed Electrified train was introduced. Again in some places the
instead of steam engines Diesel engines were used extensively. In 1960 Electrified high speed

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trains were introduced in Japan. There are many trains that run on different speeds strating
from 60km/hr to 350km/hr that is in japan it varies from track we are using to run the rail.

1.1 Growth of Railways in India:

1832 – present in railways systems and their growth gradually
YEAR WORK DONE
1832 India’s first railway plane was made in madras that is Chennai.
1837 In madras to transport a granite stone for road building purpose a
rotary steam engine locomotive was used by William Avery and the
country’s first rail was ran on Red Hills to Chintadripet bridge in
madras.
1845 For the construction of Godavari dam in Rajahmundry railways were
used to carry stones to the dam purposes.
The madras railway,East Indian railway Incorporated this year.
1849 The Great Indian Peninsular Railway was incorporated.
The guarantee system came to existence. Which means in those days
British passed this system where any company constructing a railway
in India must give free land and 5% of rate of intrest on capital.
1851 The Solani Acqueduct Railway was built in Roorkee.The railway was
used because to transport materials for the construction of Acqueduct
(water supply system cannel,ditches,etc.,) over Solani River.
1852 They incorporated Madras Guaranteed Railway system

1853 . India’s First passenger train ran between Bombay’s Bori Bunder
Station to thane.The 14-carriage train was moved by three steam
locomotives named as The Sahib,Sindh,Sultan.It travelled 34kms which
crried abot 400 people first. This passenger line was Built and
operated by The Great Indian Peninsula Railway(GIPR).
1854 In eastern India First Passenger train was run from Howrah to Hoogly,
a distance of 39km. The line was built and operated by east India
Company.
In this year Great Indian Penensula Railway opened its first Workshop
in Byculla.
1856 South India’s First Passenger train was ran from Royapuram-
Veyasarapady(Madras) to Wallajah Road in Arcot. It travelled a
distance of 97kms.
1873 Country’s first tram way was opened in Calctta between sealdah and
Armenian Ghat Street, a distance of 3.8 kms. The Great South Indian
and Carnatic Railways merged to form South Indian Railway Company.
1874 A tram way began between colaba and parel in Bombay.
1880 The Calcutta tram way was established

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1897 The lightning in passenger Coaches were started in this year by many
companies.
1920 In Bombay electrical signal lightning was introduced between Dadar
and Currey Road.
1925 The first Railway budget was presented.
The first electric passenger train with 1500 v DC power started
between Victoria Terminus (VT) and Kurla. The manufacturer for this
locomotive is Cammell Laird and Uerdingen wagon Fabrik.

1928 The Bandra-Virar section was electrified with 1500 v DC.

Country’s first Automatic color light signals became operational on
Great Indian Peninsula Railways.
1930 The Hyderabad Godavari Valley Railway was merged into Nizam’s
State Railway and the route of Grand Trunk Express Changed to Delhi-
Madras in this Year.
1951 The Eastern, Northern, North Eastern Railway zones were established.
1952 The availability of Fans, lights were made compulsory in every coach.
1955 The South eastern Zone was divided into off from the Eastern Railway
zone.
1956 The air conditioned Coaches were introduced between Howrah and
Delhi.
1979 The Central Organization for Railway Electrification (CORE) was
established.
1984 The country’s first metro was inaugurated in Calcutta.
1986 The e services Computerized ticket booking came into existence in
New Delhi.
1988 India’s Fastest Train was Shatabdhi Express was introduced between
New Delhi and Jhansi.
1990 The first self printing ticket machine(SPTM) was introduced in India’s
Capital.
1993 Three tier AC and sleeper coaches were introduced.
1996 The spread of Computerized reservations began in New Delhi,Mumbai
and Chennai.
2000 Indian Website went online.
2002 India railways started online ticketing services reservations.
Internet ticketing extended to many parts of the country.
2012 Almost every train started using 25kv AC traction.
2013 The Tatkal Ticket for all trains came into existence.
2016 Gatimaan Express, Country’s Fastest train with a speed of 160km/hr
made its first journey from Delhi to Agra.
2017 Indian Railways announced that every train to be electrified by (2022).

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1.2Railway zones in India
Indian Railways has been divided into about 17 Zones and 69 Divisions.

SL.No Name Code Year of Route Headquaters Divisions

Establishment KMs
1 Central CR 1951 3905 Mumbai Mumbai, Bhusawal,
Railway Pune, Solapur, Nagpur.
2 Southern SR 1951 5098 Chennai Chennai,Trichy,Madurai,
Railway Palakkad,Salem,
Thiruvannathapuram.

3 Western WR 1951 6182 Mumbai Mumbai Central, Ratlam

Railway Ahmedabad,Rajkot,
Bhavnagar,Vadodara
4 Eastern ER 1952 2414 Kolkatta Howrah, Sealdah,
Railway Asansol,Malda
5 North Eastern NER 1952 3667 Gorakhpur Izzatnagar, Luckow,
Railway Varanaasi.
6 Northern NR 1952 6968 Delhi Delhi,Ambala,
Railway Firzpur,Lucknow,
Moradabad
7 South Eastern SER 1955 2631 Kolkata Adra,Chakradharpur,
Railway Khargpur, Ranchi
8 North East NFR 1958 3907 Guwahati Alipurduar, Katihar,
Frontier Rangia, Lumding,
Railway Tinusukia
9 South Central SCR 1966 5803 Secunderabad Secunderabad,Hyderaba
Railway d,
Guntakal , Guntur,
Nanded, Vijayawada
10 East Central ECR 2001 3628 Hajipur Danapur,Dhanbad,
Railway Mughalsarai,Samastipur,
Sonpur
11 East Coast ECoR 2001 2572 Bhubaneswar Khurda Road, Sambalpur
Railway Vizag

12 North NWR 2002 5459 Jaipur Jaipur, Ajmer,Jodhpur

Western
Railway
13 North Central NCR 2003 3151 Allahabad Allahabad, Agra,Jhansi
Railway
14 South East SECR 2003 2447 Bilaspur Bilaspur, Raipur, Nagpur
Central
Railaway
15 South SWR 2003 3177 Hubli Hubli, Banglore,Mysore
Western
Railway

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 1.3Organization of Indian Railways
INDIAN Railways were were completely Controlled by ailway Ministers started from Ashraf Ali,Jhon
Mathai,Gopala swamy ,lal bahadur saastri,Swaran Sing,Dasappa,Poonacha,Ram Subhag Singh, and so on
to present Piyush Goyal from 4th September 2017 to present.

Organization Chart is as below

Ministry of Railways (Railway Board) CMS Team Last Reviewed on: 06-06-2019

Figure 2 Oraganization structure in Railways.

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 1.4Significance and growth of Indian Railways in recent years
Railways’ are the most important in the Indian economy for the past decade Railways are the major
source of income for the Indian Government.

Figure 3

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As we can see the percentage variation in the freight carried every year has been increasing rapidly year
by year.

Figure 4

This data as per year 2013-14.

GET THE DATA FOR THE YEAR 2018-19

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Latest analysys
Accidents are very rare in Indian Railways compared to other ways of journey.

According to Economics Time of India report

The train accidents yearly stats are given below

Year No of Accidents
1960-61 2131
1970-71 840
1980-81 1013
1990-91 532
2010-11 141
2016-17 607
2017-18 254

The train accidents that took place in derailment are

2016-17- 78 ; 2071-18- 54;

The train accidents that took place in level crossing are 30 in 2016-17 and 13 in 2017-2018.

So we can see how gradually the accidents are also decreasing.

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1.5 CRS (CARRAIGE REPAIR SHOP) RENIGUNTA

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1.6 LAYOUT OF CRS

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Impotance of CRS

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Statistical analysis of repairs in CRS

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Types of overhauls in railways.

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 2. COACHES
Coach is nothing but integration of both upper part and lower pa

2.1 Types of Coaches and their impotance

Elaborate each coach

LHB

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ICF

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2.2 Difference Between LHB and ICF Coaches

ICF Coaches LHB Coaches

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2.3 Significance of LHB Coaches

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3. Abbriviations/shortcuts used in Railways

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 4.Bhogis

4.1 Components of ICF bhogie

1.

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4.2 Components of Fiat BHOGI

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Difference in ICF AND LHB coaches their merits and demerits

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Latest technologies in RAILWAYS AT PRESENT

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Case studies

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Enhancement in the components of Fiate bhogi to reduce the jerks
using buffer system.

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How to use ggenerators as Lhb is not self generating

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Various improvements in the Lhb coaches that could overcome the
problems at present ituatiuons

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