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Data Structures and Pointer's

This document covers the concept of structures and pointers in programming, defining structures as user-defined data types that can hold different data types and can be nested. It contrasts arrays and structures, explaining how they differ in data type collections and access methods. Additionally, it discusses pointers, memory allocation techniques, and the concept of self-referential structures.

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chandu chandran
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6 views3 pages

Data Structures and Pointer's

This document covers the concept of structures and pointers in programming, defining structures as user-defined data types that can hold different data types and can be nested. It contrasts arrays and structures, explaining how they differ in data type collections and access methods. Additionally, it discusses pointers, memory allocation techniques, and the concept of self-referential structures.

Uploaded by

chandu chandran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 1: STRUCTURES AND POINTERS

Structure

 Stricture is a user defined data type.

 It is a collection of different data types.

 A structure is defined by using the keyword 'struct'.

 Elements of a structure are accessed by using .(dot) operator.

Syntax Example

struct structure_tag struct student

{ {

data_type variable1; int roll_no;

data_type variable2; char grade;

...................; float percentage;

...................; };

data_type variableN;

};

Nested Structure

A structure placed inside another structure is called a nested structure.

struct student

int adm_no;

char name [ 20 ];

struct date

short day;

short month;

short year;

dt_adm;

float fee;

};
Array Vs Structure

Array Structure

 It is a derived data type.  It is a user-defined data type

 A collection of same type of data.  A collection of different type of data.

 Elements are accessed by using subscripts.  Elements are accessed by using .(dot) operator.

 When an element of an array becomes another array,  When an element of a structure becomes another

multi-dimensional array is formed. structure, nested structure is formed.

Pointer

A pointer is a variable which contains a memory address

Syntax Example

Datatype * pointer variable Int *a

Here, 'a' is a pointer variable which contains the address of a memory location used to store integer type of data

The Operators & and *

 The address of operator (&), is used to get the address of a variable

 * is used to get value stored at the location points by a pointer

Eg:- int val = 5 ;

int *ptr = &val;

ptr val

OxFE 5

Ox83 OxFE
cout<<*ptr : 5
cout<<val : 5
cout<<&val : OxFE
cout<<ptr: OxFE
Memory Allocation

1. Static Memory Allocation:- Memory Allocation before the execution of the program

2. Dynamic Memory Allocation:- Memory Allocation during the execution of the program

new and delete operator

 new operator is used for dynamic memory allocation

 delete operator is used to remove the memory allocation


Memory Leak

If the memory created by the new operator is not removed by the delete operator, then this memory will be blocked and

will not be re-allocated. Then arises a situation known as Memory Leak

Self referential structure

It is a structure in which one of the elements is a point of the same structure

Eg:

struct employee

int ecode;

char ename[15];

float salary;

employee *ep;

};

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