LUNAR SOLUTION ELP

version ELP 2000-82B

Michelle CHAPRONT-TOUZÉ, Jean CHAPRONT, Gérard FRANCOU

Observatoire de Paris -SYRTE department - UMR 8630/CNRS
First published 1985. Reprinted 2001

1 Introduction
Lunar solution ELP 2000-82B, including 36 data files and a FORTRAN program file, allows to compute a high
precision geocentric lunar ephemeris. The solution involves the series of the semi-analytical theory ELP 2000-
82, the constants of the lunar ephemeris ELP 2000 fitted to the numerical integration DE200/LE200 of the
Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the arguments of the semi-analytic theory ELP 2000-85.

2 Description of the data files

2.1 Names and contents
The data files contain the series of the semi-analytic theory ELP 2000-82. For each data file, name and
contents are:

ELP01 Main problem. Longitude periodic terms (sine)

ELP02 Main problem. Latitude (sine)
ELP03 Main problem. Distance (cosine)
ELP04 Earth figure perturbations. Longitude
ELP05 Earth figure perturbations. Latitude
ELP06 Earth figure perturbations. Distance
ELP07 Earth figure perturbations. Longitude/t
ELP08 Earth figure perturbations. Latitude/t
ELP09 Earth figure perturbations. Distance/t
ELP10 Planetary perturbations. Table 1. Longitude
ELP11 Planetary perturbations. Table 1. Latitude
ELP12 Planetary perturbations. Table 1. Distance
ELP13 Planetary perturbations. Table 1. Longitude/t
ELP14 Planetary perturbations. Table 1. Latitude/t
ELP15 Planetary perturbations. Table 1. Distance/t
ELP16 Planetary perturbations. Table 2. Longitude
ELP17 Planetary perturbations. Table 2. Latitude
ELP18 Planetary perturbations. Table 2. Distance
ELP19 Planetary perturbations. Table 2. Longitude/t
ELP20 Planetary perturbations. Table 2. Latitude/t
ELP21 Planetary perturbations. Table 2. Distance/t
ELP22 Tidal effects. Longitude
ELP23 Tidal effects. Latitude
ELP24 Tidal effects. Distance
ELP25 Tidal effects. Longitude/t
ELP26 Tidal effects. Latitude/t
ELP27 Tidal effects. Distance/t
ELP28 Moon figure perturbations. Longitude
ELP29 Moon figure perturbations. Latitude
ELP30 Moon figure perturbations. Distance
ELP31 Relativistic perturbations. Longitude
ELP32 Relativistic perturbations. Latitude
ELP33 Relativistic perturbations. Distance

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ELP34 Planetary perturbations (solar eccentricity). Longitude/t2
ELP35 Planetary perturbations (solar eccentricity). Latitude/t2
ELP36 Planetary perturbations (solar eccentricity). Distance/t2

2.2 Records description

The first record of each file contains a title. Each following record contains one term of the series, according
to the following formulations and FORTRAN formats.
a) Files ELP01 to ELP03
The adopted formulation for the series is:
X ½ sin ¾
A (i1 D + i2 l′ + i3 l + i4 F )
cos
sine for files ELP01 and ELP02, cosine for file ELP03
Each record gives:
i1 , i2 , i3 , i4 , A, Bi (i = 1...6)
µ ¶
∂A ∂ A
where the six quantities Bi are the derivatives of A: for longitude and latitude and a0
∂σi ∂σi a0
for distance with respect to six constants σi = (m, Γ, E, e′ , α, µ). (see sect. 5 for definitions).
The format is:
4I3,2X,F13.5,6(2X,F10.2)
b) Files ELP04 to ELP09
The adopted formulation for the series is:
X
Asin(i1 ζ + i2 D + i3 l′ + i4 l + i5 F + φ)

Each record gives:

i1 , i2 , i3 , i4 , i5 , φ, A, P
where φ is a phase and P is an approximate value of the period of the term as far as this period is less
than 99 999.999 years. For longer periods, the limit value is given.
The format is:
5I3,1X,F9.5,1X,F9.5,1X,F9.3
c) Files ELP10 to ELP15
The adopted formulation for the series is:
X
Asin(i1 M e + i2 V + i3 T + i4 M a + i5 J + i6 S + i7 U + i8 N + i9 D + i10 l + i11 F + φ)

Each record gives:

i1 , i2 , i3 , i4 , i5 , i6 , i7 , i8 , i9 , i10 , i11 , φ, A, P
where φ and P have the same meaning as in b).
The format is:
11I3,1X,F9.5,1X,F9.5,1X,F9.3
d) Files ELP16 to ELP21
The adopted formulation for the series is:
X
Asin(i1 M e + i2 V + i3 T + i4 M a + i5 J + i6 S + i7 U + i8 D + i9 l′ + i10 l + i11 F + φ)

Each record gives:

i1 , i2 , i3 , i4 , i5 , i6 , i7 , i8 , i9 , i10 , i11 , φ, A, P
where φ and P have the same meaning as in b).
The format is the same as in c).
e) Files ELP22 to ELP36
The description is the same as in b), the value of i1 (ζ coefficient) being always 0.

2
2.3 Units
For longitude and latitude, coefficients A are given in arcseconds; for distance they are given in kilometers.
Coefficients Bi are given in the same unit as A, the constants m, Γ, E, e′ , α, µ being dimensionless. Phases
φ are given in degrees. Periods P are in years. t is barycentric time TDB expressed in Julian centuries and
reckonned from J2000 (Julian TDB date 2 451 545.0).

3 A few comments about ELP 2000-82 series

Series of files ELP07 to ELP09, ELP13 to ELP15, ELP19 to ELP21, ELP25 to ELP27 must be multiplied
by t, series of files ELP34 to ELP36 must be multiplied by t2 in order to restore mixed terms (Poisson terms).

The mean mean longitude:

(0) (2) (3) (4)
W1 = W 1 + νt + W1 t2 + W1 t3 + W1 t4
must be added to the sum of the longitude series (Fourier and Poisson terms) so as to obtain the longitude
of the Moon referred to the mean dynamical ecliptic of date and departure point (see sect. 4 and sect. 8 for
definitions).

All the perturbations (files ELP04 to ELP33) have been obtained at the first approximation at it is defined
in (Chapront-Touzé and Chapront, 1980) except for the main perturbations due to the secular terms in solar
eccentricity. Nevertheless, lunar mean motions, including approximate values of planetary and Earth figure
perturbations, have been introduced in the integration.

The adjustment of integration constants, as defined in (Chapront-Touzé and Chapront, 1980) has been
performed separately for the different kinds of perturbations. It gives rise to supplementary Fourier terms
which have been added respectively to files ELP04 to ELP06 (for Earth figure perturbations), ELP16 to
ELP18 (for planetary perturbations), ELP22 to ELP24 (for tidal effects), ELP28 to ELP30 (for Moon figure
perturbations), ELP31 to ELP33 (for relativistic perturbations).

• The Earth figure perturbations (files ELP04 to ELP09) include perturbations due to J2 and J3 . The
motion of the true equator has been taken into account through: the linear term of precession included
in argument ζ (see sect. 4); the four main terms of the nutation in longitude and the three main
terms of the nutation in obliquity from Woolard (coefficients computed for J2000); the linear term of
obliquity ǫA from (Lieske et al., 1977).

• The planetary perturbations. Table 1 (files ELP10 to ELP15) include indirect and direct planetary
perturbations without any adjustment of the integration constants. The indirect planetary perturba-
tions have been computed with Bretagnon’s solution VSOP80 (Bretagnon, 1980) for the Earth-Moon
barycenter up to the third order in masses. As far as Table 1 is concerned, short periodic perturba-
tions of the Earth-Moon barycenter due to the lunar action and relativistic perturbations have not
been included in VSOP80. Futhermore, the secular terms of variables K = e′ cos̟′ , H = e′ sin̟′ ,
Q = γ ′ cosΩ′ , P = γ ′ sinΩ′ for the Earth-Moon barycenter have been dropped out from VSOP80, these
terms being taken into account elsewhere. The direct planetary perturbations have been computed
with Bretagnon’s solution VSOP80 for the planets up to the first order for all planets, up to the third
order (Fourier terms only) for the major planets. Especially, the linear terms of K, H, Q, P have been
taken into account. The effect of the relativistic terms of the planets has been found negligible.

• The planetary perturbations. Table 2 (files ELP16 to ELP21) include several perturbations:
a) The main effect of the linear terms of the solar eccentricity. If we note the solar eccentricity as:
e′ = e′(o) + e′(1) t + e′(2) t2 ...
∂X ′(1)
the main effect of the linear term on a coordinate X is e t. The main effects of the secular
∂e′
terms of the solar perigee have been taken into account in the arguments themselves (see sect. 4).

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 b) The secondary effects of the linear terms of the solar eccentricity and perigee as described in
(Chapront-Touzé, 1982).
c) The secondary effects of the linear and quadratic terms of variables P and Q of VSOP80 for
the Earth-Moon barycenter. The so-called secondary effects come from Coriolis forces, the Moon
motion being referred to the mean ecliptic of date and not to a fixed plane.
d) The indirect planetary perturbations due to the short periodic terms of the Earth-Moon barycenter
produced by the Moon action.
e) The complete effect of the adjustment of the integration constants concerning the perturbations
of Planetary perturbations. Table 1 and Planetary perturbations. Table 2 has been added to
Planetary perturbations. Table 2.

• The planetary perturbations (solar eccentricity) (files ELP34 to ELP36) include only the main effect
∂X ′(2) 2
of the quadratic term of the solar eccentricity that is e t .
∂e′

• The tidal effects (files ELP22 to ELP27) have been computed with an acceleration model from
(Williams et al, 1978) and constants given in sect. 6.

• The Moon figure perturbations (files ELP28 to ELP30) include the effects of the harmonic development
of the lunar potential up to the third order, with coefficients given in sect. 6 and solution due to M.
Moons for the libration (Moons, 1982).

• The relativistic perturbations (files ELP31 to ELP33) include the main relativistic perturbations and
the indirect relativistic perturbations produced by the relativistic terms of VSOP80 for the Earth-Moon
barycenter in the indirect planetary perturbations of the Moon (Lestrade et al., 1982).

4 Arguments
In files ELP01 to ELP03, Delaunay arguments D, l′ , l, F are polynomial functions of time under the general
formulation:
λ = λ(0) + λ(1) t + λ(2) t2 + λ(3) t3 + λ(4) t4 (1)
where t is barycentric time TDB in Julian centuries reckonned from J2000 (Julian TDB date 2 451 545.0).

They are derived from W1 (mean mean longitude of the Moon), W2 (mean longitude of the lunar perigee),
W3 mean longitude of the lunar ascending node), T (mean heliocentric mean longitude of the Earth-Moon
barycenter) and ̟′ (mean longitude of the perihelion of the Earth-Moon barycenter) by:

D = W1 − T + 180◦
l′ = T − ̟′
l = W1 − W2
F = W1 − W3
′
W1 , W2 and W3 are angles of the inertial mean ecliptic of date referred to the departure point γ2000 (see
′
definition in sect. 8). T and ̟ are angles of the inertial mean ecliptic of J2000 referred to the inertial mean
I
equinox γ2000 of J2000.
(0) (0) (0)
In ELP 2000-82 and ELP 2000-85, the constant parts W1 , W2 , W3 , T (0) and ̟′(0) of W1 , W2 , W3 , T and
̟′ are literal constants which must be fitted to observations. The coefficient of t in W1 and T , denoted
recpectively as ν and n′ , are constants of the theory, i.e. constants which have received an assigned value in
(1) (1)
the theory. The coefficient of t in W2 and W3 , respectively W2 and W3 , and the coefficients of t2 , t3 , t4 in
(2) (2) (2) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4) (4)
W1 , W2 , W3 , respectively W1 , W2 , W3 , W1 , W2 , W3 , W1 , W2 , W3 are computed values yielded
by the theory.
(1) (1)
• The various contributions to W2 and W3 and the total values, computed for the values of the
constants adopted in the theory (see sect. 6) are given in Table A.

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 (1) (1)
W2 W
• The derivatives of the main problem contributions to and 3 with respect to the same set of
ν ν
constants σi = (m, Γ, E, e′ , α, µ) as coefficients of the main problem series are given in Table B.
(2) (2) (2)
• The contributions to W1 , W2 and W3 and the total values from ELP 2000-85, computed for the
values of the constants adopted in the theory (see sect. 6) are given in Table C.
(3) (3) (3)
• The contributions to W1 , W2 and W3 and the total values from ELP 2000-85 are given in Table
D.
(4) (4) (4)
• The contributions to W1 , W2 and W3 from ELP 2000-85 are given in Table E.

The coefficient of t in ̟′ and the coefficients of t2 , t3 , t4 in T and ̟′ are computed values yielded by a
planetary theory. ELP 2000-85 uses values from (Laskar, 1986).

In files ELP04 to ELP36, Delaunay arguments D, l′ , l, F are reduced to their linear parts under the formu-
lation:
λ = λ(0) + λ(1) t (2)
In files ELP04 to ELP09, ζ is deduced from W1 , reducted to its linear part under formulation (2), by:

ζ = W1 + pt

where p is the precession constant in J2000.

In files ELP10 to ELP21, T is reduced to its linear part under formulation (2); M e, V, M a, J, S, U and N are
the linear parts of the mean mean longitudes of the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus
and Neptune under formulation (2).

Table F gives the corresponding values λ(0) and λ(1) from the planetary theory VSOP82 (Bretagnon, 1982).

Table A. Computed values of the mean motions of perigee and node (”/cy)
for the constants of sect. 6

(1) (1)
Contribution W2 W3

Main problem 14 642 537.936 8 −6 967 167.264 3

Earth figure Without C.A. 615.883 3 −588.200 7
C.A. 17.520 1 −4.335 0
Planetary perturbations Indirect −21.612 7 6.252 6
(Table 1) Direct 267.973 6 −142.823 6
Planetary perturbations Solar eccentricity 0.033 9 0.000 0
(Table 2) Moon on barycenter 3.349 2 −8.232 9
C.A. −2.638 8 0.730 6
Tidal effects Without C.A. 0.066 3 0.000 2
C.A. 0.000 7 −0.000 2
Lunar figure Without C.A. −2.268 9 −16.810 8
C.A. 0.521 7 −0.133 5
Relativity Main effect 4.452 8 1.253 4
Indirect effect 0.689 7 −0.198 9
C.A. −3.345 4 0.847 4
Total 14 643 418.562 3 −6 967 918.915 7

C.A. means Constant Adjustment

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 (1) (1)
W2 W3
Table B. Derivatives of the main problem contibutions to and
ν ν

(1) (1)
∂ W2 ∂ W3
σi
∂σi ν ∂σi ν

m 0.311 079 095 −0.103 837 907

Γ −0.004 482 398 0.000 668 287
E −0.001 102 485 −0.001 298 072
e′ 0.001 056 062 −0.000 178 028
α 0.000 050 928 −0.000 037 342
µ −0.000 000 418 0.000 000 220

σi are dimensionless.

(2) (2) (2)

Table C. Computed values of W1 , W2 and W3 (”/cy 2 )
for the constants of sect. 6

(2) (2) (2)

Contribution of W1 W2 W3

Earth figure 0.192 5 0.100 3 − 0.095 8

Planetary perturbations
(Table 1) Indirect 0.002 0 − 0.005 7 0.001 6
Direct 0.000 5 − 0.000 8 0.000 2
Planetary perturbations
(Table 2) Solar eccentricity 5.864 0 −38.547 5 6.502 6
Tidal effects −11.947 3 0.176 1 − 0.046 4
Total − 5.888 3 −38.277 6 6.362 2

(3) (3)
Table D. Computed values of W1 , W2 (3) and W3 (”/cy 3 )
for the constants of sect. 6

(3) (3) (3)

Contribution of W1 W2 W3

Earth figure −0.000 027 −0.000 104 0.000 013

Planetary perturbations
(Table 2) Solar eccentricity 0.007 015 −0.045 039 0.007 613
Tidal effects −0.000 384 0.000 006 −0.000 001
Total 0.006 604 −0.045 047 0.007 625

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 (4) (4) (4)
Table E. Computed values of W1 , W2 and W3 (”/cy 4 )
for the constants of sect. 6

(4) (4) (4)

Contribution of W1 W2 W3 )

Planetary perturbations
(Table 2) Solar eccentricity −0.000 031 69 0.000 213 01 −0.000 035 86

Table F. Planetary longitudes in J2000

and mean motions (”/cy) from VSOP82

Planet λ(0) λ(1)

Me Mercury 252◦ 15′ 03.259 86” 538 101 628.688 98

V Venus 181◦ 58′ 47.283 05” 210 664 136.433 55
Ma Mars 355◦ 25′ 59.788 66” 68 905 077.592 84
J Jupiter 34◦ 21′ 05.342 12” 10 925 660.428 61
S Saturn 50◦ 04′ 38.896 94” 4 399 609.659 32
U Uranus 314◦ 03′ 18.018 41” 1 542 481.193 93
N Neptune 304◦ 20′ 55.195 75” 786 550.320 74

5 Derivatives
a) First set of constants S1
Derivatives given in files ELP01 to ELP03 and in Table B are derivatives with respect to the set of
constants S1 (m, Γ, E, e′ , α, µ) with:
n′ ′
m = (n : mean motion of T, ν: mean motion of W1 in J2000 as defined in sect. 4)
ν
Γ = the half coefficient of sinF in latitude
E = the half coefficient of sinl in longitude
e′ = eccentricity of the helocentric orbit of the Earth-Moon barycenter
a0
α =
a′
a0 is the kleperian semi-major axis of the Moon related to ν by:
ν 2 a30 = G(mT + mL ) (3)
a′ is the semi-major axis of the heliocentric orbit of the Earth-Moon barycenter related to n′ by:
n′2 a′3 = G(mS + mT + mL )
where mS , mT and mL are respectively Sun, Earth and Moon masses.

We shal call respectively B1 , B2 , B3 , B4 , B5 , B6 the derivatives of a coefficient A with respect to

m, Γ, E, e′ , α, µ as they are given in files ELP01 to ELP03. In file ELP03, Bi are a0 × derivatives
(1) (1)
A W W
of . We shall also call Bi the derivatives of 2 and 3 as they are given in Table B.
a0 ν ν

7
 b) Second set of constants S2
Table G gives the expressions of the derivatives of a coefficient A for the main problem contribution
(1)
in the longitude, latitude and distance and those of the derivatives of the mean motions W2 and
(1)
W3 with respect to the set of constants S2 : (ν, Γ, E, n′ , e′ , µ, µ′ , G′ ) in function of Bi . To obtain the
derivatives of the longitude, latitude or distance themselves, it is necessary to use both the derivatives
of the coefficients and those of the mean motions.

Table G. Derivatives of the coefficients for the longitude (V ), latitude (U ) and distance (r)
(1)
and of the mean motions of perigee and node (Wi i = 2, 3) with respect to the constant S2

ν Γ E n′ e′ µ µ′ G′

m2
³ ´ ³ ´
m 2 α 1 2 α
V or U − B1 + B5 B2 B3 B1 + B5 B4 B6 B5 0
³ν 3m ν 3 m 3α2
m2
´ ³ ´
m 2 α 2 A 1 2 α 1 A 1 A
r − B1 + B5 + B2 B3 B1 + B5 B4 B6 + B5
ν 3m 3m ν 3 m 3 1−µ 3α2 3 G′

νm2
h ³ ´i
(1) 1 (1) 2 α 2 α
Wi=2,3 Wi − νm B1 + B5 νB2 νB3 B1 + B5 νB4 νB6 B5 0
ν 3m 3m 3α2

6 Constants of the theory

The values of the constants involved in the series of the semi-analytical theory ELP 2000-82 are the following:

a) Main problem
ν sideral mean motion of the Moon 1 732 559 343.18”/cy
2E coefficient of sinl in longitude 22 639.55”
2Γ coefficient of sinF in latitude 18 461.40”
e′ solar eccentricity (Newcomb) 0.016 709 24
n′ sideral mean motion of the Sun (Newcomb) 129 597 742.34”/cy
µ = mL /(mT + mL ) 0.012 150 568
µ′ = (mT + mL )/(mS + mT + mL ) 3.040 423 956 10−6
G′ = GmT 3.986 005 1014 m3 /s2
From these values we derive, by means of equation (3), the value a0 = 384 747 980.674 m of the
kleperian semi-major axis of the Moon.
b) Earth figure
J2 0.001 082 63
J3 −0.254 10−5
ǫ 23◦ 26′ 21.448” obliquity of the ecliptic in J2000
aT 6 378 140 m equatorial radius of the Earth
p 5 029.096 6”/cy precession constant in J2000
c) Planetary perturbations
Constants of the theory VSOP80 (Bretagnon, 1980) have been used for the orbits of the planets.
d) Lunar figure perturbations
We have used parameters from (Ferrari et al, 1980), β and γ being corrected from lunar mean tidal
distorsions by means of the model from (Yoder, 1979).
β 0.632 108 10−3 γ 0.228 443 10−3 aL 1 738 000 m
J2L 0.202 15 10−3 J3L 0.121 26 10−4
C22L 0.223 04 10−4
C31L 0.307 1 10−4 S31L 0.561 07 10−5
C32L 0.488 84 10−5 S32L 0.168 7 10−5
C33L 0.143 6 10−5 S33L −0.334 35 10−6

8
 e) Tidal effects
k2 0.30 Love number
δ 0.040 7 Phase

7 Constants fitted to DE200/LE200

Corrections to the numerical values of constants S2 given in sect. 6 (constants S2 are defined in sect. 5) and
values in J2000 of the arguments W1 , W2 , W3 , T and ̟′ have been derived from a fit, over a time span of
one century, of ELP 2000-82 to the numerical integration DE200/LE200 of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory
(Standish, 1981). Note that, for this fit, the values G′ = 3.986 004 8 1014 m2 /s3 and µ = 0.012 150 581 6
have been used instead of the values quoted in sect. 6.

• The additive corrections to the constants S2 of sect. 6, with their standard deviations, are the following:

δν = ( 0.556 04” ± 0.000 49”) /cy

δE = ( 0.017 89” ± 0.000 03”)
δΓ = (−0.080 66” ± 0.000 03”)
δn′ = (−0.064 2 ” ± 0.003 7 ”) /cy
δe′ = (−0.128 79” ± 0.000 30”)

These corrections produce the following additive corrections to the mean motions of perigee and node
given in Table A:
(1)
δW2 = 1.700 9” /cy
(1)
δW3 = −0.446 5” /cy

The values of the tables C, D, E are not modified.

• The additive corrections to the coefficients A of the series of the main problem are given by:

- For longitude and latitude (files ELP01 and ELP02)

´ ′
2α δν 2α δn
³ ´ ³
δA = −m B1 + B5 + B1 + B5 + (B2 δΓ + B3 δE + B4 δe′ ) / 206 264.81
3m ν 3m ν
- For distance (file ELP03)
2α 2A δν 2α δn′
³ ´ ³ ´
δA = −m B1 + B5 + + B1 + B5 + (B2 δΓ + B3 δE + B4 δe′ ) / 206 264.81
3m 3m ν 3m ν

The coefficients of the other series are not modified.

• The fitted values in J2000 of the arguments W1 , W2 , W3 , T and ̟′ , with their standard deviations, are
the following:

(0)
W1 = 218◦ 18′ 59.955 71” ± 0.000 18”
(0)
W2 = 83◦ 21′ 11.674 75” ± 0.000 94”
(0)
W3 = 125◦ 02′ 40.398 16” ± 0.001 29”
T (0) = 100◦ 27′ 59.220 59” ± 0.002 05”
̟′(0) = 102◦ 56′ 14.427 53” ± 0.017 80”

9
 • The complete expressions of the arguments W1 , W2 , W3 , T, ̟′ and of Delaunay arguments, involving
all the corrections induced by the fit DE200/LE200, are:
W1 = 218◦ 18′ 59.955 71” +1 732 559 343.736 04” t − 5.888 3” t2 + 0.006 604” t3 − 0.000 031 69” t4
W2 = 83◦ 21′ 11.674 75” + 14 643 420.263 2 ” t − 38.277 6” t2 − 0.045 047” t3 + 0.000 213 01” t4
W3 = 125◦ 02′ 40.398 16” − 6 967 919.362 2 ” t + 6.362 2” t2 + 0.007 625” t3 − 0.000 035 86” t4
T = 100◦ 27′ 59.220 59” + 129 597 742.275 8 ” t − 0.020 2” t2 + 0.000 009” t3 + 0.000 000 15” t4
̟′ = 102◦ 56′ 14.427 53” + 1 161.228 3 ” t + 0.532 7” t2 − 0.000 138” t3
D = 297◦ 51′ 00.735 12” +1 602 961 601.460 3 ” t − 5.868 1” t2 + 0.006 595” t3 − 0.000 031 84” t4
l′ = 357◦ 31′ 44.793 06” + 129 596 581.047 4 ” t − 0.552 9” t2 + 0.000 147” t3
l = 134◦ 57′ 48.280 96” +1 717 915 923.472 8 ” t + 32.389 3” t2 + 0.051 651” t3 − 0.000 244 70” t4
F = 93◦ 16′ 19.557 55” +1 739 527 263.098 3 ” t − 12.250 5” t2 − 0.001 021” t3 + 0.000 004 17” t4

8 Coordinate systems
′
The departure point γ2000 is the point of the inertial mean ecliptic of date defined by:
′ I
N γ2000 = N γ2000
I
where γ2000 is the inertial mean equinox of J2000 and N the node of the inertial mean ecliptic of date and
of J2000 (see Fig.1).

Fig. 1 Position of the departure point.

The natural coordinate system of the lunar theories ELP 2000-82 and ELP 2000-85 consists of the inertial
′
mean ecliptic of date and departure point γ2000 . In this coordinate system:

LongitudeV is obtained by adding W1 to the series of files ELP01, ELP04, ELP10, ELP16, ELP22,
ELP28 and ELP31, to the series of files ELP07, ELP13, ELP19 and ELP25 multiplied by t, and last to the
series of file ELP34 multiplied by t2 ;

Latitude U is obtained by adding the series of files ELP02, ELP05, ELP11, ELP17, ELP23, ELP29 and
ELP32 to the series of files ELP08, ELP14, ELP20 and ELP26 multiplied by t and at last to the series of
file ELP35 multiplied by t2 ;

Distance r, which does not depend on the coordinate system, is obtained by adding the series of files
ELP03, ELP06, ELP12, ELP18, ELP24, ELP30 and ELP33 to the series of files ELP09, ELP15, ELP21 and
ELP27 multiplied by t and at last to the series of file ELP36 multiplied by t2 .

Rectangular coordinates x, y, z are given by:

x = r cos V cos U
y = r sin V cos U
z = r sin U
Longitude and latitude referred to the inertial mean ecliptic and equinox of date are respectively Vd = V + pA
and U where pA is the accumulated precession between J2000 and the date.

10
By truncating Laskar’s series (Laskar, 1986), we have:

pA = 5 029.096 6”t + 1.112 0”t2 + 0.000 077”t3 − 0.000 023 53”t4

Rectangular coordinates xE E E
2000 , y2000 , z2000 referred to the inertial mean ecliptic and equinox of J2000 are
given by:
p
1 − 2P 2 2P p1 − P 2 − Q2
 E    
x2000 2P Q x
E 2
 y2000  = 
p 2P Q p1 − 2Q −2Q 1 − P 2 − Q2   y 
E
z2000 2 2
−2P 1 − P − Q 2Q 1 − P − Q 2 2 1 − 2P 2 − 2Q2 z

where P and Q are Laskar’s series reproduced here up to degree five:

P = 0.101 803 91 10−4 t + 0.470 204 39 10−6 t2 − 0.541 736 7 10−9 t3
−0.250 794 8 10−11 t4 + 0.463 486 10−14 t5
Q = −0.113 469 002 10−3 t + 0.123 726 74 10−6 t2 + 0.126 541 70 10−8 t3
−0.137 180 8 10−11 t4 − 0.320 334 10−14 t5

Q Q Q
Converting rectangular coordinates xE E E
2000 , y2000 , z2000 to rectangular coordinates x2000 , y2000 , z2000 referred
to the FK5 equator γF K5 (i.e. mean equator and rotational mean equinox of J2000) involves the obliquity
ǫI of the inertial mean ecliptic of J2000 on the mean equator of J2000 and the arc γ2000 I
γF K5 (see Fig.2).
The values of these quantities derived from the fit of ELP 2000-82 to DE200/LE200 are:

ǫI = 23◦ 26′ 21.408 83” ± 0.000 06”

I
γ2000 γF K5 = 0.098 45” ± 0.000 16”
hence

xQ
    E 
2000 1.000 000 000 000 0.000 000 437 913 −0.000 000 189 859 x2000
 yQ  =  −0.000 000 477 299 0.917 482 137 607 E
−0.397 776 981 701   y2000 
2000
Q E
z2000 0.000 000 000 000 0.397 776 981 701 0.917 482 137 607 z2000

Fig. 2 Conversion of J2000 ecliptic coordinates to FK5 equatorial coordinates.

9 Subroutine ELP82B
Subroutine ELP82B, in file ELP82B.FOR, is an elementary FORTRAN subroutine which allows to compute
rectangular geocentric lunar coordinates referred to the inertial mean ecliptic and equinox of J2000 (coordi-
nates xE E E
2000 , y2000 , z2000 of sect. 8).

11
It uses files ELP01 to ELP36 and the expresions of lunar arguments of sect. 7 and takes into account the
corrections to the constants of the theory given in sect. 7.

The inputs are:

1. The Julian TDB date: T JJ

2. The truncation level of the series in radian: T RU N K
If T RU N K > 0, the coefficients whose magnitude is smaller than T RU N K radians for the longitude
and latitude, and a0 × T RU N K km for the distance, are disregarded.
If T RU N K = 0, all the terms are kept.
If T RU N K > 0.01” is sufficient, the user will find files and subroutines for computing different kinds
of lunar coordinates in (Chapront-Touzé and Chapront, 1991) (see sect. 10).
3. A number of logical unit for reading the file: N U LOG
(for example N U LOG = 3).

The outputs are:

1. The table of rectangular coordinates in km: R(3)

referred to the inertial mean ecliptic and equinox of J2000
2. An error index: IERR
(IERR = 3 if one of the files ELP01 to ELP36 is not correctly read, else IERR = 0).

Check values are given in Table H.

Table H. Check values: rectangular coordinates

referred to the inertial mean ecliptic and equinox of J2000

Julian date xE
2000
E
y2000 E
z2000 T RU N K
(Gregorian date) km km km ”

2 469 000.5 −361 602.985 36 44 996.995 10 −30 696.653 16 0

(17 oct. 2047, 0h) −361 602.984 81 44 996.996 25 −30 696.651 52 5.10− 5
2 449 000.5 −363 132.342 48 35 863.653 78 −33 196.004 09 0
(13 jan. 1993, 0h) −363 132.343 05 35 863.651 87 −33 196.003 75 5.10− 5
2 429 000.5 −371 577.581 61 75 271.143 15 −32 227.946 18 0
(12 apr. 1938, 0h) −371 577.580 19 75 271.146 65 −32 227.946 80 5.10− 5
2 409 000.5 −373 896.158 93 127 406.791 29 −30 037.792 25 0
(9 jul. 1883, 0h) −373 896.155 45 127 406.791 53 −30 037.792 89 5.10− 5
2 389 000.5 −346 331.773 61 206 365.403 64 −28 502.117 32 0
(5 oct. 1828, 0h) −346 331.778 62 206 365.403 82 −28 502.117 73 5.10− 5

10 References
• Chapront-Touzé, M.: 1980, The ELP solution of the main problem of the Moon,
Astron. Astrophys., 83, 86 (in French)
• Chapront-Touzé, M., Chapront J.: 1980, Planetary perturbations of the Moon. Comparison of ELP-
1900 with Brown’s theory, Astron. Astrophys., 91, 233 (in French)
• Chapront J., Chapront-Touzé, M.: 1981, Comparison of ELP 2000-82 to a JPL numerical integration,
Astron. Astrophys., 103, 295 (in French)

12
• Chapront J., Chapront-Touzé, M.: 1982, Planetary perturbations of the Moon in ELP-2000.
Proceeding of the Conference on Analytical Methods and Ephemerides (Namur, Belgium),
Celes. Mech., 26, 83

• Chapront-Touzé, M.: 1982, The ELP solution of the main problem of the Moon and some applications.
Proceeding of the Conference on Analytical Methods and Ephemerides (Namur, Belgium),
Celes. Mech., 26, 63

• Chapront J., Chapront-Touzé, M.: 1982, Comparison of ELP 2000-82 to a JPL numerical integration,
in High precision Earth rotation and Earth-Moon dynamics,
O. Calame ed., D. Reidel Publ. Co., p.257

• Chapront-Touzé, M.: 1983, Perturbations due to the shape of the Moon in the lunar theory ELP 2000,
Astron. Astrophys., 119, 256

• Chapront-Touzé, M., Chapront J.: 1983, The lunar Ephemeris ELP 2000, Astron. Astrophys., 124, 50

• Chapront-Touzé, M., Chapront J.: 1988, ELP 2000-85: a semi-analytical lunar ephemeris adequate for
historial times, Astron. Astrophys., 190, 342

• Chapront-Touzé, M., Chapront J.: 1991, Lunar Tables and Programs from 4000 B.C. to A.D. 8000,
Willmann-Bell Inc., Richmond, Virginia, USA

• Bretagnon P.: 1980, Théorie planétaire VSOP82, magnetic tape

• Bretagnon P.: 1982, Théorie du mouvement de l’ensemble des planètes. Solution VSOP82,
Astron. Astrophys., 114, 278

• Ferrari, A.J., Sinclair, W.S., Sjogren, W.L., Williams, J.G., Yoder C.F.: 1980,
J. Geophys. Res., 85, 3939

• Laskar, J.: 1986, Secular terms of classical theories using the results of general theory,
Astron. Astrophys., 157, 59

• Lestrade, J.F., Chapront J., Chapront-Touzé M.: 1982, The relativistic planetary perturbations and
the orbital motion of the Moon, in High precision Earth rotation and Earth-Moon dynamics,
O. Calame ed., D. Reidel Publ. Co., p.217
• Lestrade, J.F., Chapront-Touzé M.: 1982, Relativistic perturbations of the Moon in ELP-2000,
Astron. Astrophys., 116, 75

• Lieske, J.H., Lederle, T., Fricke, W., Morando, B.: 1977, Expressions for the precession quantities
based upon the IAU (1976) system of astronomical constants, Astron. Astrophys., 58, 1

• Moons, M.: 1982, Physical libration of the Moon, Celes. Mech., 26, 131

• Standish, E.M.: 1981, Numerical Integration DE200/LE200, magnetic tape

• Williams, J.G., Sinclair, W.S., Yoder, C.F.: 1978, Geophys. Res. Let., 5, 11, 943

• Yoder, C.F.: 1979, in Natural and Artificial Satellite Motion, University of Texas Press, p.210

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