Introduction to AI

Define Artificial Intelligence

• Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the
capability of a Machine to learn from own
experience , ability to perceive information
and to retain it as a knowledge. It enables
computers to mimic humans.
• When a machine starts performing tasks that
normally require humans is called artificial
intelligent machine.
 Human vs AI
• Artificial Intelligence is the simulation of human
intelligence processes by machines, especially
computer systems.
Some branches of AI include:
• Machine learning (ML): Enables computers to
learn from data and make predictions or
decisions without explicit programming.
• Deep learning (DL): Utilizes neural networks with
multiple layers to automatically learn hierarchical
representations of data, especially in tasks like
image and speech recognition.
 Human vs AI
• Human intelligence Abilities that enable individuals to perceive,
understand, reason and solve problems. It includes:
• Reasoning: The ability to think logically, make inferences and draw
conclusions based on available information.
• Perception: The process of interpreting sensory information from
the environment, including sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell.
• Creativity: The capacity to generate novel ideas, solutions and
artistic expressions through imagination and original thinking.
• Emotional intelligence: The ability to recognize, understand and
manage one’s own emotions, as well as perceive and empathize
with the feelings of others.
• Social intelligence: The skill of navigating social interactions,
understanding social cues and adapting behavior accordingly.
 Major Domains of AI

• Data science
• Computer vision
• NLP(Natural language Processing)
 Data Science

• Data Science uses numerical and alpha numerical

data to extract meaningful insights and patterns
from data. It focuses on leveraging data for
informed decision-making and innovation.
• Applications:
• Price comparing websites.
• Forecasting: Predicting future sales, demand, or
market conditions using historical data.
• Score predictions
• Target advertisement
 Computer Vision
• Computer Vision is a field of AI that focuses on enabling
machines to understand and interpret visual information
from the world, such as images and videos.
• Applications:
• Object Detection: Identifying and localizing objects in
images or videos, used in applications like surveillance
systems and self-driving cars.
• Facial Recognition: Authentication in security systems,
unlocking devices, and tagging people in photos.
• Medical Imaging: Assisting doctors in detecting anomalies,
such as tumors or fractures, through AI-powered diagnostic
tools.
• Self driving cars
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
• Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a branch of AI that
enables machines to understand, interpret, and generate
human language. It tries to extract information from spoken
and written words using algorithms
• Applications:
• Chat bots: Automating customer support and inquiries.
• Email filters
• Smart Assistants
• Auto correct features
• Auto Sentence completion.
 Advantages of Artificial
Intelligence (AI)
1. Error-free Processing: Artificial Intelligence has proved itself to be more efficient than
humans.
2. Helps in Repetitive Jobs: Unlike humans, machines do not require breaks to recover from
tiredness and boost productivity.
3. 24/7 Availability: Artificial Intelligence helps provide 24/7 services to an organization.
4. Right Decision Making: Artificial Intelligence are capable of making logical decisions as
well.
5. Digital Assistance: AI-powered applications also provide digital assistance.
6.Faster Decision-Making: It can make decisions faster than human beings and carry out
actions rapidly.
Disadvantages of Artificial Intelligence
(AI)
• 1. High Costs of Creation
• 2. Increased Unemployment
• Lacking Creativity
• Lacking Improvement
• No Human Replication
 Applications of AI
• Digital assistants
• If you have a smart-phone or laptop, you probably have and use digital assistant
software to some degree.
• Some of the most popular digital assistants include:
• Siri (Apple)
• Alexa (Amazon)
• Cortana (Microsoft)
• Google Assistant (Google)
• Bixby (Samsung)
• Search engines
• Another common application of AI is search
engines. Search engine algorithms utilize AI to
refine and show better results without the
intervention of programmers. Popular search
engines include:
• Google
• Yahoo
• Bing
• DuckDuckGo
• Social media
• All major social media platforms run off AI-
powered algorithms which are designed to serve
specific purposes. Popular social media platforms
include:
• Facebook (Meta)
• Instagram (Meta)
• YouTube
• TikTok
• Online shopping
• Many online shopping and ecommerce platforms use
AI to streamline their customer experience in a variety
of ways.
• As a customer, you may experience AI through:
• Personalized product recommendations based on
previous shopping activity or customer profile.
• Shipping and delay estimates.
• Sales and demand forecasting to help you manage your
inventory in the face of increased or decreased
demand.
• Transportation and Navigation
• Most major map software uses some kind of AI to interpret real-
time traffic data and provide routes and ETAs. Additionally, many
aircraft use an AI-powered autopilot that takes in weather
conditions and flight data to set the course.
• Traffic management systems take in real-time data about the road,
weather, and traffic conditions to predict heavier traffic flows and
congestion.
• Direction apps such as Google Maps, Apple Maps, and Waze all use
location data collected from users to determine traffic, ETAs, and
more.
• Rideshare apps, much like direction apps, use AI that takes in
location and environmental data to give ETAs, predict road
conditions, and set fare rates.
• Text editing and autocorrect
• Another example of AI in the palm of your
hand (if you have a smart-phone, anyway) is
autocorrect and other text editing software.
• Healthcare
• Early diagnosis: AI can analyze patient and
disease data to predict the likelihood of a patient
developing a disease and either diagnose it early
or help to prevent it entirely.
• Disease tracking: Using predictive analytics, AI
can model how a contagious disease could spread
over the course of time or across a specific area.
• Drug discovery: AI models can discover new
applications or potentially harmful interactions
between different drugs.
• Advertising
• Like many of the above examples, AI has numerous applications in
the field of advertising. From offering dynamic ads based on
demographics or location to AI that can write the copy itself, AI
drives the field of advertising and marketing forward.
• Examples of AI in advertising:
• Ad creation: AI software can be trained to write copy or even make
images based on interaction and purchase data.
• Dynamic presentation: Many ad platforms allow you to create ads
that present different images or text based on customer
demographics or location, personalizing the ad experience.
• Budget optimization: Some ad platforms use AI to help determine
where an advertiser’s budget goes, focusing budget spending on
the best-performing ad on the most cost-effective days and times it
to the best-performing ad, day, and time.
• Fraud prevention
• If you have an account with any major bank,
chances are they use AI in their fraud
detection and prevention systems.
 Deep Learning

• Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning that utilizes artificial neural

networks with multiple layers to mimic the structure and function of the
human brain. These networks process vast amounts of data to identify
patterns and make predictions.
• Applications:
• Autonomous Vehicles: Detecting objects, interpreting road signs, and
making driving decisions.
• Healthcare Diagnostics: Identifying diseases from medical images like X-
rays or MRIs.
• Facial Recognition: Verifying identities in security systems or personal
devices.
• Techniques:
• Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs): Specially designed for image data,
excelling in tasks like object detection and classification.
• Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs): Ideal for sequential data like speech
or time series, excelling in tasks like language translation or stock market
prediction.