ETABS-Extended Three dimensional Analysis of Building Systems ECC LAB GUIDE

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ETABS from CSI, CA, USA:

Computers and Structures, Inc. (CSI) is a structural and earthquake engineering software company
founded in 1975 and based in Berkeley, California. Additional office locations include New York, Houston,
Madrid, New Delhi, and the Caribbean. The structural analysis and design software CSI produce include
SAP2000, CSiBridge, ETABS, SAFE, PERFORM-3D, and CSiCOL.

One of Computer and Structure, Inc.'s software, ETABS, was used to create the mathematical model of the
Burj Khalifa, currently the world's tallest building, designed by Chicago, Illinois-based Skidmore, Owings &
Merrill LLP (SOM). In the Structural analysis section of their December 2009 Structural Engineer magazine
article entitled Design and construction of the world's tallest building: The Burj Dubai, since renamed to
Burj Khalifa, William F. Baker, S.E. and James J. Pawlikowski, S.E. mention that gravity, wind, and seismic
response were all characterized using ETABS.

Ashraf Habibullah
CEO of CSI(ETABS)
is a structural engineer and

software developer best known

as the founder, President, and

CEO of Computers and

Structures, Inc., a structural

and earthquake engineering

software company based in

Berkeley, California. Upon

founding the privately held

company in 1975, Ashraf co-created the first structural-engineering

software available to the personal computer, and has since created a

suite of products, and developed their capabilities. Notably, ETABS, a

multi-story building analysis and design software, received recognition

as the Applied Technology Council and Engineering News-Record Top

Seismic Product of the 20th Century.

Designed Using ETABS

Role of Structural Engineer?

Structural engineers analyze, design, plan, and research structural components and structural systems to achieve
design goals and ensure the safety and comfort of users or occupants. Their work takes account mainly of safety,
technical, economic and environmental concerns, but they may also consider aesthetic and social factors. Structural
engineers ensure that buildings and bridges are built to be strong enough and stable enough to resist all appropriate
structural loads (e.g., gravity, wind, snow, rain, seismic (earthquake), earth pressure, temperature, and traffic) in
order to prevent or reduce loss of life or injury. They also design structures to be stiff enough to not deflect or
vibrate beyond acceptable limits. Human comfort is an issue that is regularly considered in the limits.

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Top 100 Tallest Buildings in the world for the information

information of students..
Rank Building[A][9] City Country Height (m)[3] Floors Built

1 Burj Khalifa (The one shown above) Dubai UAE 828 m 163 2010

2 Shanghai Tower[10] Shanghai China 632 m 128 2015[B]

3 Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower Mecca Saudi Arabia 601 m[11] 120 2012

4 One World Trade Center New York City United States 541.3 m 104 2014

5 CTF Finance Centre Guangzhou China 530 m[12] 111 2016[B]

6 Taipei 101† Taipei Taiwan 509 m[13] 101 2004

7 Shanghai World Financial Center Shanghai China 492 m 101 2008

8 International Commerce Centre Hong Kong Hong Kong 484 m 118 2010

9 Petronas Tower 1† Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 452 m 88 1998

9 Petronas Tower 2† Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 452 m 88 1998

11 Zifeng Tower Nanjing China 450 m 89 2010

12 Willis Tower† (formerly the Sears Tower

Tower) Chicago United States 442 m 108 1974

13 KK100 Shenzhen China 442 m 100 2011

14 Guangzhou International Finance Center Guangzhou China 440 m 103 2010

15 432 Park Avenue New York City United States 426 m 96 2015[B]

16 Trump International Hotel and Tower[14] Chicago United States 423 m 98 2009

17 Jin Mao Tower Shanghai China 421 m 88 1999

18 Princess Tower Dubai UAE 414 m 101 2012

19 Al Hamra Tower Kuwait City Kuwait 413 m 80 2011

20 2 International Finance Centre Hong Kong Hong Kong 412 m 88 2003

21 23 Marina Dubai UAE 395 m 89 2012

22 CITIC Plaza Guangzhou China 391 m 80 1997

23 Capital Market Authority Headquarters Riyadh Saudi Arabia 385 m 85 2015

23 Shun Hing Square Shenzhen China 384 m 69 1996

24 Burj Mohammed bin Rashid Abu Dhabi UAE 381 m 88 2014

25 Empire State Building† New York City United States 381 m 102 1931

26 Elite Residence Dubai UAE 380.5 m 87 2012

27 Tuntex Sky Tower Kaohsiung Taiwan 378 m 85 1997

28 Central Plaza Hong Kong Hong Kong 374 m 78 1992

29 Bank of China Tower Hong Kong Hong Kong 367 m 70 1990

30 Bank of America Tower New York City United States 366 m 54 2009

31 Almas Tower Dubai UAE 363 m 68 2009

32 The Pinnacle Guangzhou China 360 m 60 2012

33 SEG Plaza Shenzhen China 356 m 70 2000

34 JW Marriott Marquis Dubai Tower 1 Dubai UAE 355 m 82 2012

34 JW Marriott Marquis Dubai Tower 2 Dubai UAE 355 m 82 2013

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Rank Building[A][9] City Country Height (m)[3] Floors Built

36 Emirates Office Tower Dubai UAE 355 m 54 2000

37 Aon Center Chicago United States 346 m 83 1973

38 The Center Hong Kong Hong Kong 346 m 73 1998

39 Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower Hanoi Vietnam 345 m 72 2011

40 John Hancock Center Chicago United States 344 m 100 1969

41 Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower Dubai UAE 342 m 76 2010[B]

42 Chongqing World Financial Center Chongqing China 339 m 78 2014

42 Mercury City Tower Moscow Russia 339 m 75 2012

42 The Wharf Times Square Wuxi China 339 m 68 2014

46 Tianjin World Financial Center Tianjin China 337 m 79 2010

46 The Marina Torch Dubai UAE 337 m 79 2011

48 Shimao International Plaza Shanghai China 333 m 61 2005

49 Rose Tower Dubai UAE 333 m 72 2007

50 Modern Media Center Changzhou China 332 m 57 2013

51 Minsheng Bank Building Wuhan China 331 m 68 2007

52 China World Trade Center Tower 3 Beijing China 330 m 74 2009

52 Ryugyong Hotel Pyongyang North Korea 330 m 105 1992[C]

54 The Index Dubai UAE 328 m 80 2010

54 Al Yaqoub Tower Dubai UAE 328 m 69 2013[B]

54 Longxi International Hotel Huaxi Village China 328 m 72 2011

54 Wuxi Suning Plaza 1 Wuxi China 328 m 68 2014

58 The Landmark Abu Dhabi UAE 324 m 72 2012

58 Deji Plaza Phase 2 Nanjing China 324 m 62 2013

60 Yantai Shimao No.1 The Harbour Yantai China 323 m 59 2015[B]

61 Q1 Gold Coast Australia 323 m 80 2005

62 Wenzhou World Trade Center Wenzhou China 322 m 68 2010

63 Burj Al Arab Dubai UAE 321 m 60 1999

64 Nina Tower Hong Kong Hong Kong 319 m 80 2007

65 Chrysler Building† New York City United States 319 m 77 1930

66 New York Times Building New York City United States 319 m 52 2007

67 HHHR Tower Dubai UAE 317 m 72 2010

68 Bank of America Plaza Atlanta United States 317 m 55 1992

69 Moi Center Shenyang China 311 m 75 2012

70 U.S. Bank Tower Los Angeles United States 310 m 73 1989

71 Menara Telekom Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 310 m 55 2001

71 Ocean Heights Dubai UAE 310 m 82 2010

71 Sky Tower Abu Dhabi UAE 310 m 74 2010

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Rank Building[A][9] City Country Height (m)[3] Floors Built

71 Cemindo Tower Jakarta Indonesia 310 m 63 2015

75 Pearl River Tower Guangzhou China 310 m 71 2012

76 Fortune Center Guangzhou China 309 m 73 2015[B]

77 Jumeirah Emirates Towers Hotel Dubai UAE 309 m 56 2000

78 Eurasia Moscow Russia 309 m 72 2013[B]

79 Burj Rafal Riyadh Saudi Arabia 308 m 68 2014[B]

80 Franklin Center Chicago United States 307 m 60 1989

81 Cayan Tower Dubai UAE 306 m 76 2013

81 One57 New York City United States 306 m 75 2013

81 East Pacific Center Tower A Shenzhen China 306 m 85 2012

81 The Shard London United Kingdom 306 m 72 2012

81 The Address Downtown Burj Khalifa Dubai UAE 306 m 63 2008

86 JPMorgan Chase Tower Houston United States 305 m 75 1982

86 Etihad Tower 2 [16][17]

Abu Dhabi UAE 305 m 79 2011

86 Northeast Asia Trade Tower Incheon South Korea 305 m 68 2010

89 Baiyoke Tower II Bangkok Thailand 304 m 85 1997

89 Wuxi Maoye City - Marriott Hotel Wuxi China 304 m 68 2014

91 Two Prudential Plaza Chicago United States 303 m 64 1990

92 Chang Fu Jin Mao Tower Shenzhen China 303 m 68 2016[B]

92 Heung Kong Tower Shenzhen China 303 m 61 2014[B]

92 KAFD World Trade Center[18] Riyadh Saudi Arabia 303 m 67 2015[B]

95 Leatop Plaza Guangzhou China 303 m 65 2011

96 Wells Fargo Plaza Houston United States 302 m 71 1983

96 Kingdom Centre Riyadh Saudi Arabia 302 m 41 2002

98 Gate of the Orient Suzhou China 302 m 68 2012

99 Moscow Tower Moscow Russia 302 m 76 2010

100 We've the Zenith Tower A Busan South Korea 301 m 80 2011

101 Aspire Tower Doha Qatar 300 m 36 2007

101 Arraya 2 Kuwait City Kuwait 300 m 60 2009

101 Gran Torre Santiago Santiago Chile 300 m 64 2012

2014
101 Abeno Harukas Osaka Japan 300 m 59

India doesn't have any building in the top 100 ranks!! How much are we responsible for that?
Time to give a thought!!!

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PROCESS TO SOLVE A PROBLEM IN ETABS

This topic describes a general process for solving a structure using ETABS. The intent is to
demonstrate the interaction of the various commands available in ETABS.

1. Click the File menu > New Model command to display the Modal Initialization form.
Initializing the model determines the units to be used and the default definitions of all
properties, loads, and the like—everything except the grids, objects, and assignments to the
objects.

TIP: To review the specific parameters associated with these settings, click the Options menu
> Display Units command and the Design menu > {Design Type} > View/Revise Preferences
command after the next step.
Note: The User Default Settings are saved using the Options menu > Save User Default
Settings command. Thus, if this is the first time the program is being used, no saved user
default settings are available; therefore, in such a case, it is recommended that the Use Built-In
Settings With option be used.

2. Click the OK button on the Model Initialization form to access the New Model Quick
Templates form. Use the form to set up grid lines and define story levels. Click a template
button to start a model (Steel Deck, Staggered Truss, Flat Slab, Flat Slab with Perimeter
Beams, Waffle Slab, Two Way or Ribbed Slab). In all cases except Grid Only, this adds
structural objects (e.g., beams, deck/floor, braces and so on), which is the recommended
approach to be used whenever possible. The Blank button opens windows, but does not
load objects or grid lines regardless of what is specified for grid or story dimensions on the
New Model Quick Templates form.

3. After clicking a template button (with the exception of the Blank and Grid Only buttons),
use the Structural Geometry and Properties for {Structure Type} form to specify any deck
overhangs, initial dead and live loads, initial object section properties, restraints, diaphragm
rigidity and other structure-specific parameters. Click the OK button on the Structural
Geometry and Properties for {Structure Type} form and the New Model Quick Templates
form to close both forms and generate the model based on the settings and data provided.

TIP: By default, ETABS displays two windows and the Model Explorer. Close the windows
or the Model Explorer by clicking in the right-hand corner of the tab. Add a window by
clicking the Window List down arrow in the far right upper corner of the window/Explorer. If
the Model Explorer is hidden, display it using the Windows List arrow or the Options menu >
Show Model Explorer command. The Model Explorer window displays in hierarchical (tree)
format using multiple tabs. The tabs have nodes. Depending on the tab and the node, right
clicking on a node may display an action or a menu of actions. The nodes also may have
subnodes that when right clicked provide shortcuts to the various program commands used in
the following steps.

Note: By default, the model will display with grid-paper-type grid lines indicating the
working plane. Uncheck the Working Plane check box in the Other Special Items list to turn
off those grid lines.

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4. Various commands and buttons are available to set the view, including 3D, Plan, and
Elevation. With those settings applied, views can be set and display options can be
applied. When view limits are set, only objects that fall entirely inside of the view limits
are displayed. Setting display options allow the user to choose which object types, object
labels, and certain assignments to the objects are shown in the active window, or in all
windows if that feature is enabled. Zoom and Pan commands can be used to focus in on
portions of the model. Commands that work in conjunction are available to show only
selected objects, invert the visibility of selected objects (i.e., if objects are selected to be
shown, inverting that means the selected objects become invisible and the previously
invisible objects become visible), make selected objects invisible, restore the visibility of
previously selected objects, and show all objects.

5. Review or define the material properties used for steel, concrete, aluminum, cold formed,
rebar and other structural components, including where appropriate, material property
design data, material property mechanical data, nonlinear material data, material damping
properties, and time dependent properties.

6. Review or define frame section properties, slab, deck and wall section properties, rebar,
link/support properties, nonlinear hinges, and panel zones as required. These definitions
include material properties and geometry of the components used to build the model.

7. If needed, define rigid or semi-rigid diaphragms or spring properties (point, line, area).
Also define groups -- collections of objects that are assigned names. After a group has been
named and objects have been assigned to it, named groups can be used to select objects,
design steel frame objects by group, and define section cuts.

8. Use the Define menu > Load Patterns command to define load patterns. Loads represent
actions upon the structures, such as force, pressure, support settlement, thermal effects,
ground acceleration, and others. A spatial distribution of loads upon the structure is called a
load pattern. An unlimited number of load patterns can be defined in ETABS. Typically,
separate load patterns would be defined for dead load, live load, wind load, snow load, and
so on. Loads that need to vary independently, for design purposes or because of how they
are applied to the structure, should be defined as a separate load pattern. ETABS uses the
type of load pattern to create automatic design load combinations (see step 10).

9. Load patterns by themselves do not create any response (deflections, stresses, and so
forth). Therefore, a load case must be defined to apply the load patterns using the Define
menu > Load Cases command.

10. Design load combinations are used to determine the various combinations of the load cases
for which the structure needs to be designed/checked. The load combination factors to be
used vary with the selected design code. The load combination factors are applied to the
forces and moments obtained from the associated load cases and are then summed to obtain
the factored design forces and moments for the load combination. The Define menu > Load
Combinations command can be used to create user-defined load combinations.

11. To apply mass in a model, use the Define menu > Mass Source command to specify the
source of the mass. The mass definition is applied in Step 14.

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12. Use the commands available on the Draw menu to draw additional shell, frame and joint
objects as needed. We recommend using the Properties of Object form to assign properties
to the objects as they are drawn, including structural properties, loads and masses. Also the
frame objects might be used as guidelines for snapping (see Snap Options), guidelines for
extending or trimming other frames (see Trim Frame Object or Extend Frame Object
options on the Align Joints/Frames/Edges form), and divide slab type shell objects that lie
in the model datum plane into smaller objects (see Divide Shells).

13. Use the Edit menu > Edit Story and Grid System Data command to modify and in some
cases tweak the geometry of a model as needed (e.g., add or delete a story, add a new grid
system or modify an existing one).

TIP: Some of the Edit commands and virtually all of the Assign menu commands (see next
step) require objects to be selected before the command can be used. While objects can be
selected directly by clicking on them in the active window, various commands are available on
the Select menu to aid in selecting (or deselecting or inverting the selection of) all objects
sharing a common characteristic. For example, objects can be selected by Object Type or
Properties (e.g., Material Properties, Frame Sections) as well as a Story.

14. Use the Assign menu commands to revise properties in a template model where necessary
and to make additional assignments to template members as well as to any other members
that were added to the model using the Draw menu commands. See the topics in the Assign
book of this Help for more information about those commands. The types of assignments
that can be made include the section properties (springs, diaphragms), panel zones
restraints, frame sections, end length offsets, output stations, insertion points,
tension/compression limits , loads (force, ground displacement, temperature to point
objects; distributed, point, temperature and open structure wind parameters to line objects;
and surface, temperature and wind pressure coefficients to shell objects) , masses, moment
releases and partial fixity, and several more. To make an assignment to an object, select the
object then click the appropriate Assign menu command.

15. Various methods can be used to review the status of the model, including the Display menu
> Load Assigns command, the Display menu > Show Tables command, and the Model
Explorer . Alternatively, to review loads and other assignments on an object-by-object
basis, right click on any object to access the {Object} Information form, which shows the
geometry, all loads, the design procedure, and the assignments made to the object (see Joint
Object Information form, {Frame, Beam, Column, Brace} Information form, or {}Slab,
Deck, Wall} Information form). In addition, the View menu > Set Building View Options
command, or the Set Building View Options button, , can be used to toggle on/off the
display of various input items, such as section properties, member end releases, nonlinear
hinges, diaphragm extent, and the like.

16. If desired, use the File menu > Create Report command to print input data to a file or to the
printer. Model Explorer > Reports also can be used to prepare printed output.

17. Use the Analyze menu > Set Active Degrees of Freedom command to specify the building
degrees of freedom.

18. If the model has floors, walls or ramps that require manual meshing, use the manual
meshing options available through the Analyze menu > Automatic Rectangular Mesh

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Settings for Floors or Analyze menu > Automatic Rectangular Mesh Settings for Walls
commands to mesh these objects. Note that ETABS can automatically mesh floors that
have membrane properties only. All other floors and all walls and ramps must be manually
meshed. We recommend waiting to perform manual meshing until just before running the
analysis.

19. Use the Analyze menu > Set Load Cases to Run command to check the analysis status of
the cases, delete results for cases that have already been run, set which cases are to be run,
and run the analysis or just save the settings. After these settings have been set, subsequent
analyses can be run using the Analyze menu > Run Analysis command. When the analysis
is complete, scroll through the text in the Analysis Window to check for any warnings or
errors that might invalidate the analysis.

20. Use the display features available on the Display menu, or the Display node on the Model
Explorer, to display analysis results directly on the model or on the screen in a tabular
format. See the topics in the Display book of this Help for more information about
displaying results. See the topics in the Output Conventions book of this Help for more
information about model output.

21. If desired, use the File menu > Create Report command to print output to a file or to the
printer. Alternatively, the File menu > Export > Save Tables to Access command can be
used to save the analysis output data in a database file that can be reviewed, modified and
printed using Microsoft Access.

22. If desired, use the commands available on the Design menu to run the model through one
or more of the ETABS design postprocessors (Composite Beam Design Procedure,
Concrete Frame Design Procedure, Shear Wall Design Procedure, .Steel Frame Design
Procedure, Steel Joist Design Procedure).

23. After the design has been run, save the model before exiting ETABS or the design will not
be saved.

TIP: Save your models often!

Note: Theory Classes would be for ~18 days and Lab Sessions will be for 24 days!
6 days allocated for practicing 3 live projects!

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DAY-1

Define material properties & section properties..

Define M20 & M30 Grades

Define Tor steel - Rebar
 Slab: 12mm Thick Section (Membrane & Thin Shell)
 Define beam sections as below..
250x250
250x300
250x350
250x400
250x450
 Define column sections as below..
250x250
250x300
250x350
250x400
250x450
300x450
300x530
300x600
350x600

250x250
300x300
350x350
400x400
450x450
530x530
600x600

Save the plan as in D drive in students folder, creating a folder on your name..!!
D>Students>yourname>etabs_database.edb

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DAY-2

Draw the below plan and assign the below sections while drawing them..
Beams Size: 250x350
Columns: 400x400
Slab: 120mm thick (membrane element)

Note: Do not use any edit commands.

Give Wall load of 12kn/m and analyze the problem..
Watch deflection & shear and bending moment diagram..
Save the plan as in D drive in students folder, creating a folder on your name..!!
Repeat this problem 2 -33 times..

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DAY-3

X LINES: 10, SPACING: 3.5M

Y LINES: 2, SPACING, 12M
Cut an opening in the middle 2 m length.
X Direction Beams: 250x350
Y direction Beams: 250x600
Columns: 250x750
Floors: 8
Slab: 120mm thick (membrane element)

Learn how to switch on / off below things..

SET DISPLAY OPTION (CTRL+W)

VIEW BY COLORS OF
 Objects
 Section properties
 Material Properties

OBJECTS PRESENT IN VIEW

 Columns
 Beams
 Floors

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SPECIAL EFFECTS STRUCTURAL OBJECTS

 Shrink  Select / Deselect beam/
 Extrude Frames column / floor objects & floors

OTHER SPECIAL EFFECTS LOADS

 Dimension lines  Load cases
 Horizon  Load combinations

OBJECT ASSIGNMENTS-joints
 Labels
 Unique Names

OBJECT ASSIGNMENTS-frames
 Labels
 Unique Names
 Sections
 Local Axis

OBJECT ASSIGNMENTS-shells
 Labels
 Unique Names
 Sections
 Local Axis

MODEL EXPLORER

Few important option in Model Tab.

PROJECT INFORMATION

STRUCTURE LAYOUT
 Stories
 Grids

PROPERTIES
 Materials
 Frame Sections
 Slab Sections

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DISPLAY COMMANDS

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DAY-4

Note3: Use edit commands to draw the below plan...

Use Display options>General>Shrink to see objects separately.

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DAY-5
Note: Have Base + 10 Floors..& Draw the below structure using one story option in
the last floor. Later copy the structure to bottom floors..

1) Solve the problem with three slab panels & separate slab panels and compare
the results.
2) Change the slab element from membrane to thin shell and compare the results..

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DAY-6
Draw the below plan. First draw 1/4th of the plan, then use replicate mirror command and
develop the remaining plan. Do not give columns or slabs (shells). Draw the beam lines only on the
terrace floor. Save the plan in D:>Students>Etabs projects>student name folder..

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DAY-7

Grids Modification, Auto relabel, Loading & Analysis

Design of Beams and Columns if class is comfortable..

Frame Element Internal Forces

The frame element internal forces are:

 P, the axial force
 V2, the shear force in the 1-2 plane
 V3, the shear force in the 1-3 plane
 T, the axial torque (about the 1-axis)
 M2, the bending moment in the 1-3 plane (about the 2-axis)
 M3, the bending moment in the 1-2 plane (about the 3-axis)

These internal forces and moments are present at every cross section along the length of the frame
element.

For each load case and load combination, the frame element internal forces and moments are
computed and reported at each frame element output station.

In frame element output displayed in a tabular form, either on the computer screen, printed to a
printer or printed to a file, the locations of the output stations are identified by the absolute
distance to the station measured from the i-end of the element.

Frame Element Sign Convention

The sign convention for frame element internal forces is illustrated in the figure below. This sign
convention can be described by defining the concept of positive and negative faces of an element.
Consider a section cut through the element in the 2-3 plane. At this section, the positive 1 face is
the face whose outward normal (arrow that is perpendicular to the section and pointing away from
the section) is in the positive local 1 direction. At this same section, the negative one face is one
whose outward normal is in the negative local 1 direction. The positive 2 and 3 faces are those
faces with outward normals in the positive local 2 and 3 directions, respectively, from the neutral
axis. Note the following about the frame element internal forces:

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 Positive internal forcess (P, V2 and V3) and positive axial torque (T) acting on a positive 1
face are oriented in the positive direction of the corresponding element local coordinate
axis. For example, when V2 acting on a positive 1 face is positive, it is oriented in the
direction
ion of the positive local 2-axis.
2

 Positive internal forces (P, V2 and V3) and positive axial torque (T) acting on a negative 1
face are oriented in the negative direction of the corresponding element local coordinate
axis. For example, when V2 acting on a negative 1 face is positive, it is oriented in the
direction of the negative local 2-axis.
2

 Positive M2 bending moments cause compression on the positive 3 face and tension on
the negative 3 face.

 Positive M3 bending moments cause compression on the posi

positive
tive 2 face and tension on
the negative 2 face.

 When end offsets along the length of the frame element are present, the internal forces and
moments are output at the faces of the supports rather than the ends of the element. No
output is produced within the
t end offset length.

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DAY-8
Design of Beams & Columns
Practice the same problem A-Z again on Day-8 if design is done on Day-7

Concrete Frame Design Procedure

The following sequence describes a typical concrete frame design process for a new building.
Note that the sequence of steps taken in any particular design may vary but the basic process
will probably be essentially the same. Read all these things carefully in the Lab and follow the
procedure in a systematic way.

Note: This procedure uses the menu commands. The same functions can be
accessed using the Model Explorer.

1. Use the Design menu > Concrete Frame Design > View/Revise Preferences command to
choose the concrete frame design code. In addition, this command allows review of and
changes to other concrete frame design preferences. ETABS provides default values for
all concrete frame design preferences so this command can be used to review the values
and to make changes when necessary.

2. Create the building model.

3. Run the building analysis using the Analyze menu > Run Analysis command.

4. The following two commands can be used to tailor the design process to meet specific
requirements, although their use is not mandatory to complete a design.
 If needed, assign concrete frame overwrites by first selecting the beam(s) to be
assigned overwrites and then using the Design menu > Concrete Frame Design
> View/Revise Overwrites command. Note that ETABS provides default values
for all concrete frame design overwrites so this command can be used to review
the values and to make changes only when necessary for selected beams.
 If needed, use design load combinations other than the defaults created by
ETABS for concrete frame design by clicking the Design menu > Concrete Frame
Design > Select Design Combinations command. Note that at least one design
combo must have been created using the Define menu > Load Combinations
command before the Select Design Combinations command can be used.

5. Click the Design menu > Concrete Frame Design > Start Design/Check command to run
the concrete frame design.

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6. Review the concrete frame design results using one of the following methods:
 Click the Design menu > Concrete Frame Design > Display Design Info command to
display design input and output information on the model.
 Right click on a frame element while the design results are displayed on it to enter the
interactive design mode and interactively design the frame element. Note that while
the Interactive mode is active, overwrites can be revised and the results of the new
design can be reviewed immediately. If design results are not currently displayed
(and the design has been run), click the Design menu > Concrete Frame Design >
Interactive Design command and then right click a frame element to enter the
interactive design mode for that element.
 Use the Model Explorer > Tables command to select design data for on-screen display
in tabular format.
 Use the File menu > Create Report command to print concrete frame design data. If a
beam(s) is selected before this command is used, data is printed for the selected
beam(s) only.

7. Use the Design menu > Concrete Frame Design > Change Design Section command to
change the design section properties for selected frame elements.

8. Click the Design menu > Concrete Frame Design > Start Design/Check command to
rerun the concrete frame design with the new section properties. Review the results
using the procedures described in Item 6.

9. Rerun the building analysis using the Analyze menu > Run Analysis command. Note that
the section properties used for the analysis are the last specified design section
properties.

10. Click the Design menu > Concrete Frame Design > Start Design/Check command to
rerun the concrete frame design with the new analysis results and new section
properties. Review the results using the procedures described above.

11. Again use the Design menu > Concrete Frame Design > Change Design Section
command to change the design section properties for selected frame elements, if
necessary.

12. Repeat the processes in steps 10, 11 and 12 as many times as necessary.

13. Rerun the building analysis using the Analyze menu > Run Analysis command. Note that
the section properties used for the analysis are the last specified design section
properties.

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14. Click the Design menu > Concrete Frame Design > Start Design/Check command to
rerun the concrete frame design with the new section properties. Review the results
using the procedures described in Item 7.

15. Click the Design menu > Concrete Frame Design > Verify Analysis vs Design Section
command to verify that all of the final design sections are the same as the last used
analysis sections.

16. Use the File menu > Create Report command and select Add New User Report to
specify the data to be included in the printed report.

17. IMPORTANT NOTE: Design is an iterative process. The sections used in the original
analysis are not typically the same as those obtained at the end of the design process.
Use the Design menu > Concrete Frame Design > Verify Analysis vs Design Section
command to verify that the design sections are the same as the analysis sections.
Always run the building analysis using the final frame section sizes and then run a
design check using the forces obtained from that analysis to ensure that the analysis
results reflect the design.

***************

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DAY-9
Draw the below plan using draw beam command and using basic editing
commands. Set X & Y grid lines as recommended below..

Hint:
X GRID LINES SPACINGS: 2.67, 3.58, 3.89, 1.35 (Half of the structure)
Y GRID LINES SPACINGS: 1.7, 3.51, 3.91, 3.28, 1.4, 1.4

Learn how to zoom delicately to get desired lengths while using draw beam command with free style..

Exercise to be done by students: Lift beams and columns.

Hint: Follow the lines shown on the left side of the lift to position the lift columns.

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DAY-10

Get the above plan from AutoCAD DXF file located in STAAD Workbook Folder and
make required editing operations.

AUTOCAD TO ETABS

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DAY-11
TOPIC-1 (Design Using Auto Select Command)

Auto Select Option

The Auto Select option creates lists of previously defined steel and concrete sections. When an Auto Select
section is assigned to a frame member, the program can automatically select the most economical, adequate
section from the Auto Select list when designing the member. Auto Select lists are useful for Steel Frame,
Concrete Frame, Composite Beam, Composite Column, and Steel Joist design. At least two steel or
concrete frame sections must be defined before an Auto Select list can be defined.

Draw the structure as shown below. Wall loads and Shell Loads are also shown below..

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TOPIC-2

Analysis and Design Reports for the previously solved problem!!

 Tables- Analysis- Results-Displacements-Joint Displacements!!

 Tables- Analysis- Results-Design Reactions!!
 Tables- Analysis- Results-Frame Results-Column/Beam forces!!
 Tables- Design - Design Forces-Beam / Column Design forces!!
 Tables- Design - Concrete Design / Concrete Column PMM Envelope!!
 Tables- Design - Concrete Design / Concrete Beam Flexure Envelope!!

Learn Tables, Reports & Detailing for the plan below..

Set Frame-Output Station to 3..

TOPIC-3
Positioning of column positions

2 Live Projects for the next 2+2 days.

Students are required to solve the problem for G+10 and supposed to do the design also. Students may
come anytime from 10am-9pm, other than the time slots concerned to other batch students!

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DAY-12/13
Draw it in ETABS marking points or drawing the outside periphery beams first..
LIVE PROJECT-1

Note: Students are required to form groups of 4 each and do this project..Assume unclear dimensions.

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DAY-14/15
LIVE PROJECT-2
Draw it in ETABS marking points or drawing the outside periphery beams first..

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DAY-16-WIND & EQ.LOAD ANALYSIS

Wind Load & Earthquake load combinations....

1. 1.5 (DL)

2. 1.5 (DL+LL)

3. 1.2 (DL+LL+WL X)
4. 1.2 (DL+WL+WL -X)
5. 1.2 (DL+WL+WL Y)
6. 1.2 (DL+WL+WL -Y)

7. 1.5 (DL+WL X)
8. 1.5 (DL+WL -X)
9. 1.5 (DL+WL Y)
10. 1.5 (DL+WL -Y)

11. 0.9 DL + 1.5 WL X

12. 0.9 DL + 1.5 WL -X
13. 0.9 DL + 1.5 WL Y
14. 0.9 DL + 1.5 WL -Y

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Day-17: Structure with shear walls combined with

wind & earthquake loads

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Problem on Day-17 : 5lines x 5lines x 15 Floors

Option-1: Analyze without shear walls.
Option-2: Shear walls at corners
Option-3: Add shear all in + shape in the middle..
watch reduction in dx and dy..!!

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DAY-18 (Problem-1: Const.Seq.Analysis)

Model This structure G+5 and delete one column @ G.F. Level from elevation @
C and perform construction sequential analysis; Observe the BMD and
Deflection at 5 stages of construction..!!

Wall Loads as above

Floor Loads
DL=2kn/m2
LL=3kn/m2

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DAY-18

PROBLEM-2

Shear Wall Design (piers & spandrels)

G+15 STRUCTURE
Model the structure this day and design on the next day!

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SHEAR WALL DESIGN PROCEDURE

Following is a typical shear wall design process that might occur for a new building. Note that the
sequence of steps taken in any particular design may vary but the basic process will probably be
essentially the same.

Note: This procedure uses the menu commands. The same functions can be accessed using the Model
Explorer.

1. Use the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > View/Revise Preferences command to select the
design code. In addition, this command allows review of and changes to other shear wall
design preferences. ETABS provides default values for all preferences so this command can
be used to review the values and to make changes when necessary.

2. Create the building model.

3. Run the building analysis using the Analyze menu > Run Analysis command.

4. Assign the wall pier and wall spandrel labels. Use the Assign menu > Frame > Pier Label, the
Assign menu > Shell > Pier Label, the Assign menu > Frame > Spandrel Label, and the Assign
menu > Shell > Spandrel Label commands to do this. Note that the labels can be assigned
before or after the analysis is run.

5. The following two commands can be used to tailor the design process to meet specific
requirements, although their use is not mandatory to complete a design.
 If needed, assign shear wall overwrites by selecting piers and spandrels and using the
Design menu > Shear Wall Design > View/Revise Pier Overwrites and the Design
menu > Shear Wall Design > View/Revise Spandrel Overwrites commands. Note that
ETABS provides default values for all pier and spandrel design overwrites so these
commands can be used to review the values and to make changes only when
necessary for selected piers and spandrels.
Important note about selecting piers and spandrels: Select a pier or spandrel simply by
selecting any line or area object that is part of the pier or spandrel.
 If needed, use design load combinations other than the defaults created by ETABS for
shear wall design by clicking the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > Select Design
Combinations command. Note that at least one design combo must have been created
using the Define menu > Load Combinations command before the Select Design
Combinations command can be used.

6. Click the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > Start Design/Check command to run the shear
wall design.
7. Review the shear wall design results using one of the following methods:
 Click the Design menu > Shear Wall Design > Display Design Info command to display
design information on the model.
 Right click on a pier or spandrel while the design results are displayed on it to enter
the interactive wall design mode. Note that while the program is in interactive design
mode, the overwrites can be changed and the new design results will display
immediately. If the program is not currently displaying design results, click the Design
menu > Shear Wall Design > Interactive Design command and then right click a pier or
spandrel to enter the interactive design mode for that element.
 Use the Model Explorer > Tables to select design data for on-screen display in tabular
format.

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 Use the File menu > Create Report command to print shear wall design data. If a
pier(s) or spandrel(s) is selected before this command is used, data is printed only for
the selected elements.

8. Revise the wall pier and/or spandrel overwrites, rerun the shear wall design, and review the
results. Repeat this step as many times as needed.

9. If needed, create wall pier check sections with user-defined (actual) reinforcing specified for
the wall piers using the Section Designer utility. Use the Design menu > Shear Wall Design >
Define General Pier Sections command to define the sections in Section Designer. Use the
Design menu > Shear Wall Design > Assign Pier Sections command to assign the sections to
the piers; be sure to indicate that the reinforcing is to be checked by checking the
Reinforcement to Be Checked check box. Rerun the design and verify that the actual flexural
reinforcing provided is adequate.

10. Assign these check sections to the piers, change the pier mode from Design to Check, and
rerun the design. Verify that the actual flexural reinforcing provided is adequate.

11. If necessary, revise the geometry or reinforcing and rerun the design.

12. Print or display selected shear wall design results.

IMPORTANT NOTE: Shear wall design is performed as an iterative process. The wall design
dimensions and reinforcing can be changed during the design process without rerunning the analysis.
However, always be sure that the final design is based on analysis properties (wall dimensions) that
are consistent with the design (actual) wall dimensions.

****

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DAY-19
PROBLEM-1
Design of previous day problem

PROBLEM-2
STEEL TRUSS WITH GROUPING
(Use Angle Sections and find out the optimum angle section)

Take 5000 lbs on all Top joints!!

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DAY-20 (FLAT SLABS)

Problem-1

“Flat Slab” is better understood as the slab without beams resting directly on
supports (like columns & or walls).By virtue of that large Bending Moment &
Shear Forces are developed close to the columns. These stresses brings about the
cracks in concrete & may provoke the failure of slab, thus there is a need to
provide a larger area at the top of column recognized as column head/capital.

Drop: Thick Shell 350 Thick shell..

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Deflection diagrams..

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Bending Moment Diagrams

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Axial Force Diagram

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BENDING MOMENT NOTATIONS IN ETABS

Slab Bending Moments = M22- Green Axis, M11-Red Axis.
{These will not be accurate as we have taken slab as membrane}
RGB=123

Bending Moment Diagram in Slabs..

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Shell Element Internal Forces/Stresses Output Convention

The six faces of a shell element are defined as the positive 1 face, negative 1 face, positive 2 face,
negative 2 face, positive 3 face and negative 3 face as shown in the figure below. In this definition the
numbers 1, 2 and 3 correspond to the local axes of the shell element. The positive 1 face of the
element is the face that is perpendicular to the 1-axis of the element whose outward normal (pointing
away from the element) is in the positive 1-axis direction. The negative 1 face of the element is a face
that is perpendicular to the 1-axis of the element whose outward normal (pointing away from the
element) is in the negative 1-axis direction. The other faces have similar definitions.

Note that the positive 3 face is called the top of the shell element, particularly in the output,
and the negative 3 face is called the bottom of the shell element, as shown below..

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For shell element internal stresses, the possible components are as follows:
For shell element internal forces, the possible components are as follows:
 F11: Direct force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on the
positive and negative 1 faces in the 1-axis direction.
 F22: Direct force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on the
positive and negative 2 faces in the 2-axis direction.
 F12: Shearing force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on the
positive and negative 1 faces in the 2-axis direction, and acting on the positive and
negative 2 faces in the 1-axis direction.
 FMax: Maximum principal force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element. Note that by definition principal forces are oriented such that the associated
shearing force per unit length is zero.
 FMin: Minimum principal force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element. Note that by definition principal forces are oriented such that the associated
shearing force per unit length is zero.
 FVM: Von Mises principal force per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element.
 V13: Out-of-plane shear per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on
the positive and negative 1 faces in the 3-axis direction.
 V23: Out-of-plane shear per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on
the positive and negative 2 faces in the 3-axis direction.
 VMax: Maximum principal shear per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element. Note that by definition principal shears are oriented on faces of the element
such that the associated shears per unit length on perpendicular faces are zero.
 M11: Direct moment per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on the
positive and negative 1 faces about the 2-axis.
 M22: Direct moment per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on the
positive and negative 2 faces about the 1-axis.
 M12: Twisting moment per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the element on
the positive and negative 1 faces about the 1-axis, and acting on the positive and
negative 2 faces about the 2-axis.
 MMax: Maximum principal moment per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element. Note that by definition principal moments are oriented such that the
associated twisting moment per unit length is zero.
 MMin: Minimum principal moment per unit length acting at the mid-surface of the
element. Note that by definition principal moments are oriented such that the
associated twisting moment per unit length is zero.

For shell element internal stresses, the possible components are as follows:
 S11: Direct stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 1 faces in the 1-
axis direction.
 S22: Direct stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 2 faces in the 2-
axis direction.
 S12: Shearing stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 1 faces in the
2-axis direction and acting on the positive and negative 2 faces in the 1-axis direction.
 SMax: Maximum principal stress (force per unit area). Note that by definition principal
stresses are oriented such that the associated shearing stress is zero.
 SMin: Minimum principal stress (force per unit area). Note that by definition principal
stresses are oriented such that the associated shearing stress is zero.

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 SVM: Von Mises principal stress (force per unit area).
 S13: Out-of-plane shearing stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 1
faces in the 3-axis direction.
 S23: Out-of-plane shearing stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 2
faces in the 3-axis direction.
 SMaxV: Maximum principal shearing stress (force per unit area). Note that by definition
principal shearing stresses are oriented on faces of the element such that the associated
shears per unit length on perpendicular faces are zero.

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Design (%age of Steel in Columns)..

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Design of Columns (Tabular data)..

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PROBLEM-2
Flat Slab with perimeter beams
Model similar structure as done on Day-15
and notice the difference in Deflection and Bending moment diagrams..

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Day-21/22
LIVE PROJECT-3
(Trace / Draw this in AutoCAD and Design this for G+10)

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DAY-23/24
FINAL PROJECT
Shear Walls and openings in slabs. Floor change in the middle..

Floor Plan for 5 Floors

Floor Plan for 6-10 Floors

Top Openings Size: 3mx1.5m, Bottom Openings:2mx1m
Lift Shell: 1.8mx1.8m, Wall thickness:25cm
Minimum Grade: M30 & Use Columns size permitted up to 300x1000mm!
Steel: Fe530
DL=1.5kn/m2, LL=3kn/m2 on Slabs
Wall loads of 8kn/m on periphery beams only..

END OF ETABS TRAINING

PRACTICE ALL THE PROBLEMS FOR 2 MORE DAYS
TO GET PERFECTION

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OTHER TRAINING PROGRAMS @ ECC

SAFE is the ultimate tool for designing concrete floor and foundation systems. From framing
layout all the way through to detail drawing production, SAFE integrates every aspect of the
engineering design process in one easy and intuitive environment. SAFE provides unmatched
benefits to the engineer with its truly unique combination of power, comprehensive capabilities,
and ease-of-use.

Laying out models is quick and efficient with the sophisticated drawing tools, or use one of the
import options to bring in data from CAD, spreadsheet, or database programs. Slabs or
foundations can be of any shape, and can include edges shaped with circular and spline curves.

Training duration : 12 days. Fee: Rs.4000/-

For Students who learnt ETABS @ ECC : Duration : 12 days-12 Exercises!!
Fees for ECC ETABS students: Rs.3000/-

Meet Ms.Nayima (Student coordinator) and enroll your name, if interested!!

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For Students who learnt ETABS: Duration : 12 days-12 Exercises

Fees for ECC ETABS Students: Rs.2500/-
Fees for students who have learnt ETABS (Not at ECC) : Fees: Rs.4000/-

Meet Ms.Nayima (Student coordinator) and enroll your name, if interested!!

ENGINEERS CADD CENTRE (P) LTD, HYDERABAD, INDIA, WWW.ECCINDIA.ORG, 98661-31068, 040-40101010
ETABS-Extended Three dimensional Analysis of Building Systems ECC LAB GUIDE

ETABS-PROFESSIONAL
25 Storey Complex real time structure training with shear walls / openings, ducts..
designed & detailed as per IS13920
24 days training, Fee: Rs.4000/- for ECC Students, Others: Rs.6000/-
Batch shall commence upon 25 Students enrolling for the same.
(Object: To make a fresher equivalent to 1 year experienced ETABS Engineer)

Structure will be complex and will be taught by practicing structural consultant

Meet Ms.Nayima (Student coordinator) and enroll your name, if interested!!

ENGINEERS CADD CENTRE (P) LTD, HYDERABAD, INDIA, WWW.ECCINDIA.ORG, 98661-31068, 040-40101010
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(Object: To make a fresher equivalent to 1 year experienced Structural Engineer)

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Introducing Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Soon!!

Introducing soon...Master Frame, Most popular software in middle east & Europe....

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NO BASICS.NO JOB.!

Are you unhappy with your college education?

Are you Week in your Structural Engineering Basics?

Do you wish to get first hand information about all the

construction techniques and do your designs with good idea of
site situations?

You can become equal to an IIT'ian with our 100 Hours of Video Lessons
from NPTEL & MIT - The world reputed Engineering Institutions..,
Along with videos concerned to construction site technologies..

See the next page for a solution..!

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MAKEOVER TRAINING
IN CIVIL ENGINEERING FUNDAS
TRANSFORM COMPLETELY
FACILITIES STARTS FROM 4.7.2016

Fees:Rs.5000/- for 25 days @ 4 Hrs a day or 50 days for 2 hours a day

(Slow pace is recommended if the student has time)

CHOOSE ANY ONE OF THE BELOW AS COMPLIMENTARY

MSPROJECT FOR 2+1 WEEKS & IQ TESTS TRAINING FOR 3 WEEKS

(OR)
QS (5 WEEKS) & IQ TESTS TRAINING FOR 3 WEEKS
Should be done parallel to the Makeover Training Program

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IPT

INTERVIEW PREPARATION TRAINING

FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN JOBS

 IS Codes
 Manual Structural Designs!!

Object: To Make Civil Engineers Get a Design Job

(Improve Design Job Chances from 10% to 90%)
Can get rid of humiliation which a fresher encounters in his/her first Job

Duration: 4 Weeks, Fee: Rs.5000/-

One Batch every month
Theory: 11am-12noon
Batch will start with a minimum of 40 students!!
COURSE STARTS 1ST MONDAY OF EVERY MONTH

ANY ONE OF THE BELOW IS FREE*ALONG (TO BE DONE PARALLELY) MANUAL

DESIGN COURSE!
*Only for ECC's STAAD & ETABS Students!!

MSPROJECT FOR 2 WEEKS & IQ TESTS TRAINING FOR 3 WEEKS

(OR)
QS (5 WEEKS) & IQ TESTS TRAINING FOR 3 WEEKS

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Project Management Training

Why Is it Important for Organizations to Use Project Management?

Project management is a growing field used increasingly by businesses of all sizes. As entrepreneurs
and company executives deal with the daily responsibilities of managing an organization, it is
important to use dedicated project managers to oversee projects from conception to completion.
Understanding effective project management techniques helps organizations carry out large-scale
projects on time, on budget and with minimal disruption to the rest of the business

Temporary and Unique Venture

While a business is a continuous and ongoing operation, a project is a temporary venture aimed at
producing a unique product, service or process. In many cases, this uniqueness means there aren't
any blueprints or steps in place to develop the end product. Project managers have expertise and
experience in creating plans to deliver these items. In addition, they seamlessly integrate resources
across a company's departments and utilize communication, planning and budgeting skills to bring
projects to completion.

Project Management Skills

Many business projects involve large-scale planning that affects every department or aspect of a
business. Implementing the project may mean dealing with human resources, budgetary and supply
constraints. Accredited project managers are skilled in project management techniques specific to
dealing with one-time projects. They can create plans to manage interdependence and address
resource conflict. Organizations that use project management to monitor and control processes and
schedules can more effectively complete their projects on time and on budget.

Timeline
Creating a project timeline requires coordinating project activities in conjunction with the ongoing
business activities. A project manager will identify and detail activities required in each phase of a
project and lead teams with members of your staff to carry out each phase. Working within the
parameters of a project management plan, a schedule sets out target dates for completion of tasks
within each phase. The time line is directly correlated to the scope of a project.
Scope
Project management is imperative for organizations implementing wide-ranging or comprehensive
projects. Scope refers to the breadth of a project, or how much of the business will be affected, and
the bigger the project, the more details and planning are required to successfully bring it to fruition.
Carrying out a wide-scale business endeavor requires careful coordination to ensure minimal impact
on ongoing sales and production.

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Budget
Project management helps keep projects on budget. A good project management plan identifies
anticipated costs early on to develop a realistic budget. Using resource conflict solutions, project
managers can minimize the effect of funding a new project on operating capital by optimizing the
allocation of workers. Coordinating tasks and clearly identifying goals or deliverables within phases
reduces inefficiencies in time management that can result in being over-budget.

ECC IMPARTS TRAINING IN MS-PROJECT

Fees: Rs.6000/-
Discounts may apply for existing students! Contact counselor..

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ECC imparts Training in..

Fees: Rs.6000/-
Discounts may apply. Meet the counselor..

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ETABS-Extended Three dimensional Analysis of Building Systems ECC LAB GUIDE

A quantity surveyor (QS) is a professional working within the construction industry concerned with
construction costs and contracts. A quantity surveyor differs from a building estimator in that a quantity
surveyor is a formally trained and accredited professional (Bachelor's degree or higher) in the estimating
field.

he quantity surveyor is the person responsible for figuring out just what a construction project is going to
cost. They have other roles too, especially making sure that construction costs and production are
managed as efficiently as possible.

Quantity surveyors have this title because they prepare a ‘schedule of quantities’ — estimates of the
material and labour costs — that contractors’ tenders can be measured against. (However, contractors are
not selected for cost alone.) The schedule is also called a cost estimate.

Other names for people employed with quantity surveying qualifications include estimator, cost engineer,
cost manager, cost analyst, project coordinator, project cost controller and cost planner.

Quantity surveyors’ main roles are:

 managing the finances for any kind of construction project, whether it’s a house, a high-rise, a
bridge, or a tunnel
 working to keep the project on time
 working to keep the project within the budget

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 making sure that construction costs and production are managed as efficiently as possible
 resolving disputes between contracting parties.
 preparing insurance replacement estimates for all kinds of buildings, including houses.

Before the project, the quantity surveyors calculate a budget based on their client's requirements. They
prepare detailed estimates to ensure the budget is sufficient for each stage of construction.

Their main task is to find out what a construction project will cost, including materials, labour, and
services.

Before construction starts

 Quantity surveyors can help with feasibility studies for a project. They can roughly estimate what’s
involved in the project, based on measurements of the designer’s or client’s sketches.
 The quantity surveyor studies the architects’ and engineers’ plans, identifies the costs involved,
and then sets an overall estimated budget for the project. They may compare the project with
others like it.
 The quantity surveyor can then plan costs to help the design team stay within the project budget
using practical solutions. This is called value engineering.
 The final detailed estimate is prepared by the quantity surveyor, together with a project architect.
This is the basis for evaluating tenders.

When construction starts, the quantity surveyor keeps costs on track

 Once the building starts, the quantity surveyor can provide cash flow data so the client can
arrange the finances needed for each stage of the project.
 The quantity surveyor can also assess cost effects when changes to the project occur, such as
delays, and agree on ‘variation’ with contractors.
 The quantity surveyor can provide a bank with a project report and help a client by preparing draw
down certificates for money to be loaned by the bank.
 Resolving disputes between clients, designers and building contractors is another role in some
projects.

When construction is over, the quantity surveyor adds up the total cost
The quantity surveyor can prepare a statement of final account, which records the actual costs for all
sections of the job.

Fees: Contact counselor

ENGINEERS CADD CENTRE (P) LTD, HYDERABAD, INDIA, WWW.ECCINDIA.ORG, 98661-31068, 040-40101010