Department of Computer Science and Engineering
CSE 209-Post Lab Report
Course Name: Electrical Circuits
Course Code: CSE 209
Section No: 03
Experiment No: 05
Name of the Experiment: Verification of Superposition Theorem
Date of allocation: 16 November 2024
Date of submission: 19 November 2024
Submitted To:
Rashedul Amin Tuhin
Senior Lecturer
Department of Computer Science & Engineering
Assistant Proctor
Submitted By:
Group No:
Student’s Name: Purnendu Bhowmik Shuvro
Student’s ID: 2023-1-60-085
Student’s Name: Sams Nur Ryen
Student’s ID: 2023-2-60-283
Student’s Name: Rubayat Nowshin Tajkia
Student’s ID: 2023-3-50-028
Student’s Name: Abdur Rahman
Student’s ID: 2023-2-60-151
Objective:
1. To verify the superposition theorem theoretically, experimentally, and using
PSpice simulation.
Circuit diagram:
Figure: 01
Figure: 02
Figure: 03
Figure: 04
Equipments and Components Needed:
1. DC power supply
2. Trainer board
3. DC ammeter
4. Multimeter
5. Resistors 33Ω (two), 47Ω (three), 68Ω (one)
6. Breadboard
7. Connecting wires
Experimental datasheet:
Solution to Post-Lab Report Questions :
1. Calculate the values of IL, IL1, IL2, and IL3 of the circuits of Figures 1 through 4
using the measured values of E1, E2, E3, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and RL. From the
calculated values show that the superposition theorem holds. Compare these
calculated values of currents with the experimental values and comment on any
discrepancy observed.
Answer:
Here,
E1 = 10.29 V, E2 = 4.94 V, E3 = - 4.95 V
R1 = 32.9 Ω, R2 = 46.3 Ω, R3 = 33 Ω, R4 = 46.3 Ω, R5 = 46 Ω and RL = 67.8Ω
For, IL,
Applying KVL at mesh 1, 2 and 3,
(32.9 + 46.3 + 33)𝑖 − 33𝑖 = 10 − 5 … (1)
−33𝑖 + (33 + 46.3 + 46)𝑖 − 46𝑖 = 5 + 5 … (2)
−46𝑖 + (46 + 67.8)𝑖 = −5 … (3)
By solving equation (1), (2) and (3) we get,
𝐼 = −4.5 𝑚𝐴
For IL1,
Applying KVL at mesh 1, 2 and 3,
(32.9 + 46.3 + 33)𝑖 − 33𝑖 = 10 … (1)
−33𝑖 + (33 + 46.3 + 46)𝑖 − 46𝑖 = 0 … (2)
−46𝑖 + (46 + 67.8)𝑖 = 0 … (3)
By solving equation (1), (2) and (3) we get,
𝐼 = 12.25 𝑚𝐴
For IL2,
Applying KVL at mesh 1, 2 and 3,
(32.9 + 46.3 + 33)𝑖 − 33𝑖 = −5 … (1)
−33𝑖 + (33 + 46.3 + 46)𝑖 − 46𝑖 = 5 … (2)
−46𝑖 + (46 + 67.8)𝑖 = 0 … (3)
By solving equation (1), (2) and (3) we get,
𝑖 =𝐼 = 14.7 𝑚𝐴
For IL3,
Applying KVL at mesh 1, 2 and 3,
(32.9 + 46.3 + 33)𝑖 − 33𝑖 = 0 … (1)
−33𝑖 + (33 + 46.3 + 46)𝑖 − 46𝑖 = 5 … (2)
−46𝑖 + (46 + 67.8)𝑖 = −5 … (3)
By solving equation (1), (2) and (3) we get,
𝐼 = −31.52 𝑚𝐴
Now,
𝐼 +𝐼 +𝐼 = (12.25 + 14.7 − 31.52)𝑚𝐴 = -4.5mA = 𝐼
Hence Superposition theorem is verified.
Measured value (mA) Calculated value (mA) Differences (mA)
𝐼 = − 4 𝑚𝐴 𝐼 = − 4.5 𝑚𝐴 - 0.5
𝐼 = 12 𝑚𝐴 𝐼 = 12.25 𝑚𝐴 - 0.25
𝐼 = 14.1 𝑚𝐴 𝐼 = 14.7 𝑚𝐴 - 0.6
𝐼 = − 30 𝑚𝐴 𝐼 = − 31.52 𝑚𝐴 - 1.52
2. Solve the circuits of Figures 1 through 4 using PSpice. Include the PSpice circuits
with only currents shown. From the PSpice solution show that the superposition
theorem holds. Compare the PSpice solutions with the theoretical solutions and
comment on any discrepancy found.
Answer:
Here,
𝐼 = 12.16𝑚𝐴
𝐼 = 14.74𝑚𝐴
𝐼 = 31.17𝑚𝐴 = −31.17𝑚𝐴 (𝐴𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
So,
𝐼 +𝐼 +𝐼 = (12.16 + 14.74 − 31.17)𝑚𝐴 = -4.27mA = 𝐼
So, it holds the superposition theorem.
Comparison between PSpice solutions with the theoretical solutions,
PSpice values Theoretical value Differences
𝐼 = 12.16 𝑚𝐴 𝐼 = 12𝑚𝐴 0.16
𝐼 = 14.74 𝑚𝐴 𝐼 = 14.1 𝑚𝐴 0.64
𝐼 = − 31.17 𝑚𝐴 𝐼 = − 30 𝑚𝐴 1.16
𝐼 = −4.27 𝑚𝐴 𝐼 = −4 𝑚𝐴 0.27
So, there is discrepancy between PSpice values and theoretical values, because the
experiment is done physically.
Error calculation & comparison:
Here,
Theoretical value of I = IL = - 4mA
Measured value of I = I1 + I2 + I3 = 12mA + 14.1mA – 30mA = -3.9mA
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 = × 100%
4 − 3.9
= × 100%
4
= 2.5%
Difference = 4 mA – 3.9 mA = 0.1 mA
Here, the theoretical value is higher than the measured value.
Conclusion:
Because the lab is performed physically, the experiments have some disruptions.
As a result, there are some differences between the theoretical and experimental values.
