Pandas DataFrame Cheat Sheet
1. Creation & Basic Info
pd.DataFrame(data) # Create DataFrame
df.head(n) # First n rows
df.tail(n) # Last n rows
df.shape # (rows, columns)
df.size # Total elements
df.ndim # Dimensions
df.columns # Column labels
df.index # Index (row labels)
df.dtypes # Data types of columns
df.values # Numpy array of data
df.info() # Summary of DataFrame
df.describe() # Summary stats (numeric)
df.memory_usage() # Memory usage
2. Data Selection & Filtering
df['col'] # Single column (Series)
df[['col1', 'col2']] # Multiple columns
df.loc[<row_label>] # Label-based row access
df.iloc[<row_index>] # Position-based row access
df.at[row, col] # Fast access to single value (label-based)
df.iat[row_index, col_index] # Fast access (integer-based)
df[df['col'] > 5] # Filtering rows
df.query('col > 5') # Query with string syntax
3. Data Manipulation (Add, Drop, Rename)
df['new_col'] = ... # Add column
df.insert(loc, 'col', value) # Insert at specific location
df.drop('col', axis=1) # Drop column
df.drop(index=...) # Drop rows
df.rename(columns={'old': 'new'}) # Rename columns
df.set_index('col') # Set index
df.reset_index() # Reset to default integer index
df.astype({'col': type}) # Change column type
4. Sorting & Ranking
df.sort_values('col') # Sort by column
df.sort_values(by=['col1', 'col2']) # Sort by multiple columns
df.sort_index() # Sort by index
df.rank() # Rank data
5. Handling Missing Data
df.isnull() # Detect NaNs
df.notnull() # Opposite of isnull()
df.dropna() # Drop rows with NaNs
df.fillna(value) # Fill NaNs with value
df.interpolate() # Interpolate missing values
df.ffill() # Forward fill
df.bfill() # Backward fill
6. Aggregation & Grouping
df.sum(), df.mean(), df.std(), df.min(), df.max(), df.count(), df.median(), df.mode()
df.agg(['sum', 'mean']) # Multiple aggregations
df.groupby('col') # Grouping
df.groupby(['col1', 'col2']) # Multi-index grouping
df.pivot(index, columns, values) # Pivot table
df.pivot_table(values, index, columns, aggfunc) # Flexible pivot
7. Combining DataFrames
pd.concat([df1, df2]) # Concatenate along axis
pd.merge(df1, df2, on='col') # Merge on common column
df1.join(df2, how='left') # Join on index
df.append(df2) # Append rows
8. Apply Functions
df.apply(func) # Apply function to rows/columns
df.applymap(func) # Apply function element-wise
df.map(func) # For Series
df.transform(func) # Transform without collapsing groups
9. String Methods (Text Columns)
df['col'].str.lower()
df['col'].str.upper()
df['col'].str.contains('a')
df['col'].str.replace('a', 'b')
df['col'].str.len()
df['col'].str.strip()
10. DateTime Methods
pd.to_datetime(df['date']) # Convert to datetime
df['date'].dt.year
df['date'].dt.month
df['date'].dt.day
df['date'].dt.weekday
df['date'].dt.strftime('%Y-%m')
11. Input/Output
pd.read_csv('file.csv') # Read CSV
df.to_csv('file.csv') # Write CSV
pd.read_excel('file.xlsx') # Read Excel
df.to_excel('file.xlsx') # Write Excel
df.to_json('file.json') # Export to JSON
pd.read_json('file.json') # Read JSON
12. Miscellaneous
df.duplicated() # Find duplicates
df.drop_duplicates() # Remove duplicates
df.sample(n=5) # Random sample
df.clip(lower=0) # Limit values
df.corr() # Correlation matrix
df.cov() # Covariance
Extra
dir(df) # List all attributes and methods
help(pd.DataFrame) # Detailed documentation
