CHY26W0 Tutorial questions
Topic: Molecular Chemistry
Bon- Haber Cycle and Intermolecular Forces
1. Which of the following is NOT involved in the Born-Haber cycle for an ionic
compound?
A. Lattice energy
B. Electron affinity
C. Ionization energy
D. Activation Energy
2. Which of the following intermolecular forces is the strongest?
A. London dispersion forces
B. Dipole-dipole interaction
C. Hydrogen bonding
D. Van der Waals forces
3. The lattice energy of an ionic compound is defined as:
A. The energy released when gaseous ions combine to form one mole of
an ionic solid.
B. The energy required to convert a mole of an ionic solid into gaseous
ions.
C. The energy needed to break one mole of covalent bonds.
D. The energy released during nuclear fission.
4. Which compound is expected to have the highest boiling point?
A. CH₄
B. NH₃
C. CO₂
D. H₂
5. London dispersion forces are present in:
A. Only ionic compounds
B. Only polar molecules
C. All molecules
D. Only hydrogen-bonded molecules
6. Which of the following molecules can exhibit hydrogen bonding?
A. CH₄
B. HCl
C. HF
D. CO₂
7. What is the predominant intermolecular force in liquid SO₂?
A. Hydrogen bonding
B. Dipole-dipole interactions
C. Ionic bonding
D. London dispersion forces.
8. Which step in the Born-Haber cycle involves an endothermic process?
A. Electron affinity
B. Ionization energy
C. Formation of ionic lattice
D. Formation of product from elements
9. The Born-Haber cycle applies best to which type of compounds?
A. Covalent compounds
B. Metallic compounds
C. Ionic compounds
D. Network solid
10. The standard enthalpy of formation of an ionic compound is:
A. Always positive
B. Always negative
C. The overall enthalpy changes in the Born-Haber cycle
D. Equal to the lattice energy
11. Which substance would you expect to have the lowest boiling point?
A. H₂O
B. H₂S
C. NH₃
D. HF
12. Van der Waals forces are another name for:
A. Ionic and covalent bonding
B. London dispersion forces
C. Hydrogen bonding
D. Dipole-dipole and dispersion forces
13. What causes London dispersion forces?
A. Permanent dipoles
B. Random movement of electrons creating instantaneous dipoles
C. Ionic attraction
D. Hydrogen bonding
Conceptual Questions
1. Explain why lattice energy is always exothermic.
2. Why is the second electron affinity of oxygen positive, even though electron
affinity is usually exothermic?
3. Distinguish between ionization energy and electron affinity in the context of the
Born-Haber cycle.
4. Discuss the effect of ionic radius and charge on lattice energy.
5. Explain why water (H₂O) has a higher boiling point than hydrogen sulfide (H₂S),
even though they are both group 16 hydrides.
6. Describe the conditions under which hydrogen bonding can occur between
molecules.
7. Why do nonpolar substances like CH₄ have lower melting and boiling points
than polar substances like NH₃?
8. Rank the following types of intermolecular forces from weakest to strongest:
dipole-dipole, London dispersion, and hydrogen bonding.
9. Why do larger atoms or molecules generally have stronger London dispersion
forces?
10. Consider the following substances: CH₃OH, CH₃CH₂CH₃, and CH₃Cl. Which
one has the strongest intermolecular forces and why?
11. How do intermolecular forces affect solubility?
Calculation Questions
1. The following data are given for the formation of NaCl:
• Sublimation energy of Na = +108 kJ/mol
• Ionization energy of Na = +496 kJ/mol
• Bond dissociation energy of Cl₂ = +242 kJ/mol
• Electron affinity of Cl = –349 kJ/mol
• Lattice energy of NaCl = –788 kJ/mol
Calculate the enthalpy of formation of NaCl(s).
2. Given the following data for the formation of MgO:
• Sublimation energy of Mg = +150 kJ/mol
• Ionization energy 1 of Mg = +738 kJ/mol
• Ionization energy 2 of Mg = +1451 kJ/mol
• Bond dissociation energy of O₂ = +498 kJ/mol
• First electron affinity of O = –141 kJ/mol
• Second electron affinity of O = +744 kJ/mol
• Lattice energy of MgO = –3795 kJ/mol
Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of MgO(s).
3. If the enthalpy of formation of KBr(s) is –392 kJ/mol and the following data are
known:
• Sublimation of K = +89 kJ/mol
• Ionization energy of K = +419 kJ/mol
• Bond dissociation of Br₂ = +193 kJ/mol
• Electron affinity of Br = –325 kJ/mol
Calculate the lattice energy of KBr(s).
4. Calculate the lattice energy of LiF using the following data:
Data:
• Enthalpy of formation = –617 kJ/mol
• Sublimation energy of Li = +161 kJ/mol
• Ionization energy of Li = +520 kJ/mol
• Bond dissociation energy of F₂ = +159 kJ/mol
• Electron affinity of F = –328 kJ/mol
5. Calculate the lattice energy of MgO.
Given:
• Enthalpy of formation of MgO = –601 kJ/mol
• Sublimation energy of Mg = +150 kJ/mol
• First ionization energy of Mg = +738 kJ/mol
• Second ionization energy of Mg = +1451 kJ/mol
• Bond dissociation energy of O₂ = +498 kJ/mol
• First electron affinity of O = –141 kJ/mol
• Second electron affinity of O = +744 kJ/mol
