,16 DIGITAL BUTTERWORTH FILTERS
1. Lesson 16
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48 minutes
a.
b.
M A N N I T U D
1.200 .ooo 0.800 0.600 0.400 0.200
ILl 2 211221121
Frequency response of sixth-order digital Butterworth filter obtained by using impulse invariance.
E o.oo
0.00 G -10.00 A -20.oo I -30.00
.27r
.47r
.67r
.87r
7r
N -40.00
-50.00 d -60.00 B -70.00 -80.00
.27r
.47r
.87r The bilinear transformation.
M G N
T
1.200 0.800 0.600
0.400
0
A i.0o I
U D 0.200
-4
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Frequency response of. sixth-order digital Butterworth filter obtained by using the bilinear transformation.
71
E o.ooo
0.00 G -10.00 A -20.oC I -30.OC N -40.OC
.27r
.47r'
.67r'
.8 7r
d -60.00 70.00 -80.00
It
0
_ .27r .472r
N
.67r .87r
7r
WA
16.2
2.
Comments
We concentrate specifically on the design of a digital filter which is obtained from an analog Butterworth filter. The steps involved are to (1) transform the specifications on the digital filter to the appropriate specifications on the analog filter (2) design the analog filter based on these specifications (3) transform the analog filter to the desired digital filter. The specific example sketched out in the lecture is carried through in more detail in the text. In both the impulse invariant and bilinear design procedures, a parameter T appears. This parameter is, in fact, unnecessary, as is illustrated in the lecture. Consequently, it is often convenient to choose this parameter to be unity.
In this lecture we discuss a design example utilizing the two techniques of impulse invariance and the bilinear transformation.
3.
Reading
Text: Appendix Bl (page 845), example 7.3 section 7.1.1 (pg. 411) and example 7.4 section 7.1.2 (page 419). You may also want to read Appendix B.2 in which Chebyshev filters are discussed, and Appendix B.3 in which elliptic filters are discussed.
4.
Problems
Problem 16.1 Let jH(jQ) denote the squared magnitude function for an analog Butterworth filter of order 5 with a cutoff frequency Q2 of 3 c 27 x 10 . Determine and indicate in the s-plane the poles of the system function H(s). Assume that the system is stable and causal.
Problem 16.2 We want to design a digital lowpass filter with a passband magnitude characteristic that is constant to within 0.75 dB for frequencies below w = 0.26137 and stopband attenuation of at least 20 dB for frequencies between w = 0.4018n and 7. Determine the poles of the lowest order Butterworth analog transfer function which when mapped to a digital filter using impulse invariance will meet the
16.3
specifications.
Indicate also how you would proceed to obtain the
transfer function of the digital filter.
Problem 16.3 With the same specifications as in Problem 16.2 determine the poles of the lowest order Butterworth analog transfer function which when mapped to a digital filter using the bilinear transformation will meet the specifications. Indicate how you would proceed to obtain the transfer function of the digital filter.
Problem 16.4* The filter designed in Problem 16.3 is to be converted to a highpass filter using a lowpass to highpass transformation as discussed in section 7.2. In the filter designed in Problem 16.3 the pass band edge occurred at w = 0.2613w and the stopband edge at w = 0.4018w. is to have the passband edge at w = 0.4018w. The new highpass filter Specify how to obtain the transfer function of the highpass filter from the lowpass filter of Problem 16.3, and determine the frequency of the stopband edge.
16.4
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