BASIC PRINCIPLE OF TECHNICAL DRAWING
Boni Sena, S.T., M.Eng.
ENGINEERING
An engineer needs universal language to communicate with all parts of engineering system
DRAWING IS UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE
What do you think about the word of house and the picture of house ?
The picture of house has deeper understanding than the word of house
House
Picture is not enough to communicate
MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
Product We cant order the operator to make a product only use picture without standard Operator
Design Drafter
CAN YOU TELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO PICTURES BELOW ?
The line is straight The line is not straight
No size size
Which one is the best picture in your opinion ? Explain your answer !
CREATE A DRAWING : MANUAL
Using free hand to draw an object
Using drawing tools to draw object
CREATE A DRAWING : COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD)
Computer aided drafting (CAD) software is used. Example of CAD is AutoCAD
DRAWING TOOLS (MANUAL)
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD)
SEE THE EXAMPLE OF TECHNICAL DRAWING
BELOW
Dimension
Object
Lines Title Block
ELEMENTS OF ENGINEERING DRAWING
Standard for Engineering Drawing
Engineering Drawing Graphics language
Geometric construction Using line types Projection method Visualization
Word language
Dimensions & Notes
Standard for Engineering Drawing
Country Thailand USA Japan UK Australia Germany Code Full name
./TIS
ANSI American National Standard Institute Japanese Industrial Standard British Standard Australian Standard Deutsches Institut fr Normung International Standards Organization
JIS
BS AS DIN ISO
DRAWING SHEET : STANDARD SIZE
Trimmed paper of
A4 A3 A2
a size A0 ~ A4.
Standard sheet size (JIS) A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 210 x 297 297 x 420 420 x 594 594 x 841 841 x 1189
A1
A0
(Dimensions in millimeters)
Drawing Sheet : Orientation & Margin
1. Type X (A0~A4) c Sheet size c A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 c (min) d (min) 10 10 10 20 20 25 25 25 25 25
Border d lines
Drawing space
Title block
2. Type Y (A4 only) d
Drawing space
Title block
START DRAWING !
Drawing Scales : Definition
Length, size
Scale is a ratio between the linear dimension of a drawn representation of an object and the actual object.
Drawing
Actual
Drawing Scales : Designation
Designation of a scale consists of the word SCALE followed by the indication of its ratio, as follows SCALE 1:1 for full size SCALE X:1 (X > 1) for an enlargement scales SCALE 1:X (X > 1) for a reduction scales
Drawing scale is commonly found in a title block.
Recommendation
Texts style on the drawing Examples
GOOD Not uniform in style.
must have the following
2 properties Legibility
- Shape - Space between letters - Space between words
Not uniform in height.
Not uniformly vertical.
Uniformity
- Size (or text height)
- line thickness
Not uniform in thickness of stroke.
Inappropriate space between letters
BASIC STROKES
Straight Slanted Horizontal Curved
Examples
I letter
1
A letter
1
2 1
B letter
4 5
3 3 2
Suggested Strokes Sequence
Upper-case Letters & Numerals
Straight line letters
Curved line letters & Numerals
Lower-case Letters
Stroke Sequence : Upper-case
I
L T F
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Stroke Sequence : Upper-case
V X W
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Stroke Sequence : Upper-case
N
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Stroke Sequence : Upper-case
O
Q C G
Skip section
Stroke Sequence : Upper-case
D U P B
Skip section
Stroke Sequence : Upper-case
1 2 5
Skip section
Stroke Sequence : Upper-case
S
0 3
Skip section
Stroke Sequence : Lower-case
l i
Skip section
Stroke Sequence : Lower-case
v w x k
Skip section
Stroke Sequence : Lower-case
j y f t
Skip section
Stroke Sequence : Lower-case
c
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Stroke Sequence : Lower-case
g
n m h
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Word Composition
Space between the letters depends on the adjacent
contour of the letters.
Non-uniform spacing Uniform spacing
DRAWING
D R A W IN G
Word having non-uniform spacing is more readable.
Word Composition
DRAWING
Contour
Contour can be denoted as straight, slant and curve. Adjacent contour can be
1. straight-straight : II, IN, IM, IP etc.
: IV, IW etc.
2. straight-curve (or curve-straight) : IO, QR etc.
3. straight-slant (or slant-straight)
4. curve-curve 5. slant-curve (or curve-slant) 6. slant-slant
: OO, OG etc.
: VO, WG, VC etc.
: VW, VX etc.
Spacing
Sentence Composition
Leave the space between words equal to the space requires for writing a letter O.
Example
ALL ODIMENSIONS OARE OIN MILLIMETERS OUNLESS OTHERWISE O SPECIFIED.
DRAWING STANDARD
LINE TYPES
Drawing standard
Contents
Basic Line Types & Name according to application
Thickness Style Thick
Visible line
Thin
1. Dimension line 2. Extension line 3. Leader line Hidden line Center line
Continuous Dash Chain
1. Visible line
represent features that can be seen in the current view.
2. Dimension line Extension line indicate the sizes and location of features. Leader line 3. Hidden line 4. Center line represent features that can not be seen in the current view. represents symmetry, path of motion, centers of circles,
axis of axisymmetrical parts
Example
Contents
