OSI Reference Model
V1.0 Data Customer Service Dept.
ForUse Internal Internal Only Use Only
Course Objectives
Grasp the basic knowledge of network Understand network evolution history and classification of network Know standardization organizations in data communication field Grasp OSI model and each layers function Grasp the function of different kind of network devices and its position
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ForUse Internal Internal Only Use Only
Course Outline
Chapter I Network Overview
Chapter II OSI Reference Model
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ForUse Internal Internal Only Use Only
Course Contents
Chapter I Network Overview
Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network
Section 2 Classification of Network Section 3 Network Topology Section 4 International Standardization Organizations
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Definition of Network
Internal Use Only
Computer network refers to interconnect the separately distributed computers and external communication lines to form a system for easy info exchanging and resource sharing among multiple pieces of computers.
Server
SOHO
IP Hotel
Mobile
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Network Evolution History
Internal Use Only
Phase 1
50s 60s
Phase 270s
80s
Phase 4
80s till now
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Course Contents
Chapter I Network Overview
Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network
Section 2 Classification of Network Section 3 Network Topology Section 4 International Standardization Organizations
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Classification of Network
Internal Use Only
Local Area Network (LAN)
Metro Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
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LAN
LAN
Internal Use Only
usually covers an area of several kilometers and integrated
several independent data devices to enable users to share network resources.
Features:
short distance, low latency, high data-transmitting rate
and reliable transmission.
The infrastructures of LAN include servers, clients, network
equipments and communication media.
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MAN
Internal Use Only
MAN usually covers an area of several kilometers to
hundreds of kilometers
Data transmission rate ranged from several Kbit/s to several
Gbit/s
Optical fiber is the best transmission media of MAN
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WAN
Internal Use Only
WAN is mainly used to connect LANs, and provide data communication within wide areas.
WAN covers an area of hundreds to thousands of kilometers.
Classification of WAN: ISDN DDN X.25 packet switching network Frame Relay ATM
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Course Contents
Chapter I Network Overview
Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network
Section 2 Classification of Network Section 3 Network Topology Section 4 International Standardization Organizations
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Network Topology
Internal Use Only
Star Topology
Bus Topology
Tree Topology
Ring Topology
Distributed Topology
Hybrid Topology
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ForUse Internal Internal Only Use Only
Course Contents
Chapter I Network Overview
Section 1 Definition and Evolution History of Network
Section 2 Classification of Network Section 3 Network Topology Section 4 International Standardization Organizations
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Standardization Organizations
Internal Use Only
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IEEE) American National Standard Institute (ANSI)
Electronic Industries Association/ Telecommunication Industry Association (EIA / TIA)
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
Internet Architecture Board (IAB)
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
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Course Contents
Chapter II OSI Reference Model
Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer Section 5 Session/Presentation/Application Layer
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OSI Reference Model Overview
Internal Use Only
OSI RMOpen System Interconnection Reference Model
Application Layer
Data Transmission between Hosts
Presentation Layer
Session Layer Transport Layer
Data Transmission between Networks
Network Layer Data-link Layer Physical Layer
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Functions of Each Layer
7 Provide communication between application programs Process data format and encryption Application Layer 6 Presentation Layer 5
Internal Use Only
Establish, maintain and manage sessions Session Layer
Establish end-to-end connection
Addressing and routing Provide media access and link management Bit stream transmission
Transport Layer Network Layer Data-link Layer Physical Layer
4
3 2 1
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Relationship between Each Layer of OSI Model Internal Use Only
APDU Application Layer
Application Layer PPDU Presentation Layer
SPDU Segment Packet Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Frame Data-link Layer Bits Physical Layer
Presentation Layer
Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data-link Layer
Physical Layer
Only peer layers with same protocol are able to communicate.
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Data Encapsulation
Application Layer
Presentation Layer Upper Layer Data Session Layer Transport Layer
Internal Use Only
PDU
Segment
TCP Header
Upper Layer Data
IP Header
Upper Layer Data
Network Layer
Packet
LLC Header
Upper Layer Data
FCS
Data-link Layer
Frame
MAC Header
Upper Layer Data
FCS Physical Layer Bits
0101110101001000010
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Data De-encapsulation
Application Layer
Presentation Layer
Internal Use Only
Session Layer
Upper Layer Data
Transport Layer
Upper Layer Data Network Layer
TCP+ Upper Layer Data
IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data Data-link Layer LLC Hdr + IP + TCP + Upper Layer Data
Physical Layer
0101110101001000010
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ForUse Internal Internal Only Use Only
Study Contents
Chapter II OSI Reference Model
Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer Section 5 Session/Presentation/Application Layer
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Physical Layer
Physical Layer is the first and bottom layer of OSI Reference Model.
Internal Use Only
Physical Layer mainly provides bit stream transmission.
Moves bits between devices Physical Layer Specified voltage, rate and pin-out cables
EIA/TIA-232 V.35
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Function of Physical Layer
Physical Layer also defines:
Media
Internal Use Only
Type Type
Connector
Signal
Type
Ethernet EIA/TIA-232
Physical Layer
802.3
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V.35
Ethernet/802.3
Internal Use Only
10Base2Ethernet thin-wire 10Base5Ethernet thick-wire
Host HUB
10BaseTTP
Host
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HUB
Internal Use Only
HUB works on Physical Layer
The work stations connected via HUB are physically Star
Topology but Bus Topology logically. All devices are in one Collision Domain The more terminals, the more collisions All devices share the bandwidth
Collision Domainan assembling of all the workstations on the
same cable or of all the nodes on the same physical segment or a group of nodes contending the same bandwidth.
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ForUse Internal Internal Only Use Only
Study Contents
Chapter II OSI Reference Model
Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer Section 5 Session/Presentation/Application Layer
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Data-link Layer
Internal Use Only
Data-link Layer is the second layer of OSI Reference Model
Mainly responsible to precisely transmit the data packet to Network Layer of destination host.
Data-link Layer
Combines packets into bytes and bytes to frames Provides access to media using MAC address Performs error detection not correction Moves bits between devices Specified voltage, rate and pin-out cables
802.3 / 802.2 HDLC
Physical Layer
EIA/TIA-232 V.35
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Function of Data-link Layer
Data-link Layer defines:
Internal Use Only
Physical source and destination addresses SAP (service access point) to upper layer protocols
Data-link data-
Associate
Define network topology Control of frame order Flow Control
802.2
FR
802.3
Physical
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EIA/TIA-232 v.35
MAC Address
Internal Use Only
# Bytes
6
Destination address
Preamble
6 Source address
2
Length
Variable Length
Data
4
FCS
00.d0.d0
The manufacturer code assigned by IEEE
xx.xx.xx
Distributed by manufacturer
Ethernet II uses Type in this field.
MAC address
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Switch/Bridge
Internal Use Only
Layer 2 Switch and Bridge work on Data-link Layer
Each
network segment connected to each port is an individual Collision Domain
All
network segments are in one Broadcast Domain
Broadcast Domainassembly of nodes that receive same broadcast message, able to be classified into one logical network segment with other broadcast nodes.
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Collision Domain and Broadcast Domain
Internal Use Only
HUB
Bridge
Switch
Router
Number of Collision Domain: Number of Broadcast Domain:
1
1
4
1
4
1
4
4
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ForUse Internal Internal Only Use Only
Study Contents
Chapter II OSI Reference Model
Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer Section 5 Session/Presentation/Application Layer
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Network Layer
Internal Use Only
Network Layer
Provides logic addressing which routers use for path determination
Combines packets into bytes and bytes to frames Provides access to media using MAC address Performs error detection not correction
IP IPX
Data-link Layer
802.3 / 802.2 HDLC
Physical Layer
Moves bits between devices Specifies voltage, rate and pin-out cables
EIA/TIA-232 V.35
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Functions of Network Layer
Internal Use Only
Defines Logical Address
Addressing
Network Layer
IP, IPX
and
Data-link Layer
Routing
802.2 HDLC
FR
Physical Layer
802.3
EIA/TIA-232 v.35
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Logical Address(1)
Internal Use Only
Network Layer address is globally unique, constituted by two parts: Network address and Host address.
Network address Host address 8.2.48
IP address
10.
IPX address
Network address
Host address 0000.0c00.6e25
1aceb0b1.
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Logical Address(2)
Mask
Internal Use Only
Address
172.16.122.204 255.255.0.0 172
Binary Address
16 00010000 255 11111111
122 01111010 0 00000000
204 11001100 0 00000000
10101100 255
Binary Mask
11111111
Network
Host
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Router
Functions:
Internal Use Only
Logical routing Select best routing path Broadcast control Multicast Control Flow Control Connected to WAN
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ForUse Internal Internal Only Use Only
Course Contents
Chapter II OSI Reference Model
Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer Section 5 Session/Presentation/Application Layer
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Transport Layer
Internal Use Only
Transport Layer
Provides reliable or unreliable delivery Performs error correction before retransmit Provides logical addressing, which routers use for path determination
Combines packets into bytes and bytes into frames Provides access to media using MAC address Performs error detection not correction
TCP UDP SPX IP IPX
Network Layer
Data-link Layer
802.3 / 802.2 HDLC
Physical Layer
Moves bits between devices Specifies voltage, rate, and pin-out cables
EIA/TIA-232 V.35
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Function of Transport Layer
Functions:
Internal Use Only
Segment Upper Layer Data Establish end-to-end connection between application programs Flow control
Connection-oriented and connectionless Communication
Transport Layer
TCP
UDP
SPX
Network Layer
IP
IPX
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Connection-oriented Session
Internal Use Only
Sender
Receiver
Synchronizing Acknowledgement, Synchronizing Acknowledgement
Connection Established
Data Transmission
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Course Contents
Chapter II OSI Reference Model
Section 1 OSI Model Overview Section 2 Physical Layer Section 3 Data-link Layer Section 4 Network Layer Section 5 Transport Layer Section 5 Session/Presentation/Application Layer
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Session Layer
Internal Use Only
Session Layer
Keeps different applications data separate Provides reliable or unreliable delivery Performs error correction before retransmit
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Provides logical addressing, which routers use for path determination
Data-link Layer
Combines packets into bytes and bytes into frames Provides access to media using MAC address Performs error detection not correction
Moves bits between devices Specifies voltage, rate, and pin-out cables
Physical Layer
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Presentation Layer
Presentation Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Presents data Handles processing such as encryption Keeps different applications data separate Provides reliable or unreliable delivery Performs error correction before retransmit Provides logical addressing, which routers use for path determination
Internal Use Only
Data-link Layer
Combines packets into bytes and bytes into frames Provides access to media using MAC address Performs error detection not correction Moves bits between devices Specifies voltage, rate, and pin-out cables
Physical Layer
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Application Layers
Application Layer Presentation Layer Provides a user interface Presents data Handles processing such as encryption
Internal Use Only
Session Layer
Transport Layer Network Layer Data-link Layer
Keeps different applications data separate
Provides reliable or unreliable delivery Performs error correction before retransmit Provides logical addressing, which routers use for path determination Combines packets into bytes and bytes into frames Provides access to media using MAC address Performs error detection not correction Moves bits between devices Specifies voltage, wire speed, and pin-out cables
Physical Layer
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Summary
Internal Use Only
Definition of Network
Network Evolution History
Classification of Networks Network Topology
Standardization Organizations in Data Communication Field
OSI Model and Functions of Each Layer Common Network Devices
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