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Microcontroller Basics for Engineers

A microcontroller is an integrated circuit that contains an entire computer system on a single chip. It includes a processor core, memory, and input/output peripherals. The goal is to choose the microcontroller with the desired features and parameters needed for the application. A microcontroller contains various subsystems like analog-to-digital converters to interface with the external world and convert analog signals to digital values that the microcontroller can process. When choosing a microcontroller, considerations include the required speed, memory, interfaces, and peripherals for the specific design.

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Musawar Abbas Zaidi
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58 views15 pages

Microcontroller Basics for Engineers

A microcontroller is an integrated circuit that contains an entire computer system on a single chip. It includes a processor core, memory, and input/output peripherals. The goal is to choose the microcontroller with the desired features and parameters needed for the application. A microcontroller contains various subsystems like analog-to-digital converters to interface with the external world and convert analog signals to digital values that the microcontroller can process. When choosing a microcontroller, considerations include the required speed, memory, interfaces, and peripherals for the specific design.

Uploaded by

Musawar Abbas Zaidi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture

Microcontroller

So what exactly is a Microcontroller


Entire computer system contained within a single integrated circuit. The goal is to choose the most economical MC that has the desired parameters and features for the application at hand.

Microprocessor and Interfacing

Block Diagram

Microprocessor and Interfacing

Software Development Process

Microprocessor and Interfacing

Register Set

Usually all registers associated with a given subsystem are grouped together.
Microprocessor and Interfacing 5

Bus Structure
A bus is a collection of parallel conductors that have a similar function. Most MCs are equipped with an address bus, a data bus, and a control bus.

Microprocessor and Interfacing

Byte-addressable EEPROM
This type of memory is used to permanently store and recall variables during program execution. Used for logging critical data and to store useful information during a power failure. Applications include electronic lock combinations, and automatic garage door electronic unlock sequences.
Microprocessor and Interfacing 7

Flash EEPROM
Bulk programmable Flash EEPROM is used to store programs. Flash EEPROM is typically programmed using In System Programming (ISP) techniques. That is, a host PC is connected via a cable to a microcontroller while it is resident within its application circuit. The host PC downloads the program to the microcontroller.
Microprocessor and Interfacing 8

Terminology
Simplex mode: In this mode, the serial communication is accomplished by transmitting data in one direction at a time. Duplex mode: In this serial communication mode, data can be transmitted and received from both ends of the communication link at the same time. BAUD rate: The rate of bits sent or received. It describes the number of bits communicated per second.
Microprocessor and Interfacing 9

Terminology Continued
ASCII code: The American Standard Code for Information Interchange code is used in communication to encode alphabets, numbers, punctuation, and control characters using a seven-bit representation. ASCII is a subset of the international Unicode standard. Bit time: The time required to transmit or receive a single bit. Serial line code: A specific encoding mechanism used to transmit and receive information.
Microprocessor and Interfacing 10

RS-232 Protocol
The RS-232 standard represents a logic high with a 10 VDC level and a logic low with a +10 VDC level. These chips are equipped to provide interfacing for a two way (transmit and receive) communication system.

Microprocessor and Interfacing

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Speed
Microcontrollers are available in a wide range of operating speeds. In general, you should use the lowest acceptable speed for a given application. This is because that the power consumption of a microcontroller is directly proportional to its operational speed. Since many microcontroller applications are battery powered, conserving power and hence extending battery life is essential.
Microprocessor and Interfacing 12

ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER

This subsystem converts continuously varying analog signals from the outside world into a binary representation suitable for use by the microcontroller. Therefore, a continuous signal is converted to a series of digital snapshots of the analog signal.

Microprocessor and Interfacing

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CHOOSING A MICROCONTROLLER FOR A SPECIFIC DESIGN

Microprocessor and Interfacing

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The End

Microprocessor and Interfacing

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