Theme of Presentation
The presentation is about
“5” Different
Database Architectures
Or
Database Models.
By
Junaid Ali Siddiqui
Need of different designs:
• The use of database Management
system to store data.
– We know:
– Database?
– Collection of logically related data, design to
meet the needs of information in an organization.
– Relationship b/w different files?
– Defined by the logical and physical design.
– It implies the access path b/w the data.
Good vs. Bad Design:
– Poor design results in unwanted data
redundancy
– Poor design generates errors leading to
bad decisions
Introduction to different
designs:
• Hierarchical database model,
• Network database model,
• Relational database model,
• Object oriented database model,
• Multidimensional database model.
Hierarchical database
Architecture:
•Logically represented by an upside down
tree
•Each parent can have many children
•Each child has only one parent
Continued…….
• It is a pointer based model
• Organizes data in a tree-like structure
• Stores data in tables and views
relationships as links
• Supports one-to-many parent-child
relationships
• Prevalent in large legacy systems
– Dominant in 1970s , when we used mainframe
system with large databases
Advantages
– Conceptual simplicity
– Database security and integrity
– Data independence
– Efficiency
Disadvantages:
– Complex implementation: Database
design was complicated
– Difficult to manage
– Lack of standards
– Complex pointer based organization
– Less flexible compared to RDBMS
– Lack support for English language-
like queries
Network Database Model
(1:M)
• Each record can have multiple
parents
– Composed of sets
– Each set has owner record and
member record
– Member may have several owners
Continue…
• Depicts data logically as many-to-
many relationships
• Organizes data in tables and views
relationships as links
• It is also a pointer based model
• Access via multiple pathways
• Flexible, powerful
Advantages:
– Conceptual simplicity
– Handles more relationship types
– Data access flexibility
– Promotes database integrity
– Data independence
– Conformance to standards
Disadvantages:
Complex pointer based organization
Less flexible compared to RDBMS
Lack support forEnglish language-like
queries
Relational Database Model
• Was introduced in 1970 by Dr. E. F. Codd (of
IBM)
• Commercial relational databases began to
appear in the 1980s
• Today relational databases have become the
dominant technology for database
management
• Perceived by user as a collection of tables for
data storage
• Tables are a series of row/column
intersections
• Tables related by sharing common entity
Relational Database
Model……….
Advatages
– Improved conceptual simplicity
– Easier database design, implementation,
management, and use
– Query capability with SQL
– Powerful database management system
Disadvantages:
Substantial hardware and system
software overhead
Poor design and implementation is made
easy
Object-Oriented Databases
Uses an object-oriented data model
Can store instructions
Handles unstructured data
Photographs, audio, video
Data is organized using – Attributes
Objects
– Methods
Classes
Entities
• Object-oriented DBMS: Stores data and
procedures as objects that can be retrieved and
shared automatically
• Object-relational DBMS: Provides capabilities of
A Comparison: The OO Data Model and the ER Model
Advantages:
Database integrity
Disadvantages:
Disadvantages
•Complex navigational data
access
•High system overhead slows
transactions
Multidimensional Database
Model
• Often used in data warehouse
applications.
• By two ways it is viewed
– Cube view
– Star schema view
Cube view
• A cell contain data relevant to the
intersection of all of its dimension
values
Star schema view
• At the center is a fact table,
equivalent to the cell in the multi
dimension view
• This table contain all the raw
attributes and a composite key
made up of all the primary keys of
all the surrounding dimension
The Development of Data Models
Thank You!!!!!!!!
Hope You Enjoyed that
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