Geographic Information Systems
IDRISI
ILWIS
ARC/
INFO
PEOPLE
GIS SOFTWARE
POLICY AND
PROCEDURES
FOR
RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
HARDWARE DATA
GIS
A computer-based
system capable of Hydrology
holding and using Landuse
data describing places
on the earth’s surface
Districts
Topography
Soils
The real world
consists of many
geographies which
can be represented as
a number of related
data layers.
GIS IS SUPPORTING TOOL FOR DECISION MAKERS
Bett er Data
Better I nf orm ati on
Bett er D eci sions
Bet ter Outcome
GIS is of ten ref er red as “ Enabl ing Technol ogy”
Handl ing Geogr aph ic Inf ormation
Patan
R
• eal-world
Sand and
Factory
Abstract
•
Gravel
Solid Waste
representation
Sandstone
Water Table
Aquifer
Spreadsheets
•
Shale Gravel
• Base Management Systems
Data
•Computer Aided Design (CAD)
Geographic
• features
Cartographic
• Packages
•
Photogrammetrical Software
Image
• Processing Software
Maps and Spatial Data
TOPOGRAP HI C
ZONAL
ISOLI NE
RE AL-WORLD
GIS Definition
hardware assembling
software managing
data analyzing
user displaying
components versus functionality
GIS and GIS Application
• Don‘t mix it:
– The software package (the product)
– The application(s)
You can apply the same software for
many different applications (and of
course use different software for the
same application!)
GIS Applications
agriculture
environment
geo-sciences
forestry
emergency services
utilities
navigation
real estate
regional/local/rural/urban planning
tourism
...
Components of GIS
GIS ABSTRACTION
OR
SIMPLIFICATION
USERS
SOFTWARE
TOOLS + DATABASE
THE REAL WORLD
RESULTS
Components of G IS
Several components are involved in GIS technology.
Hardware
A computer and the associated peripherals are essential for handling spatial data
in GIS. These devices are collectively known as hardware.
Software
Software refers to the programmes that run on computers; these include
programmes to manage the computer and to perform specific functions. For
example, Excel, MS word, and ARC/INFO, ArcView, ArcGIS are specialised
software programmes designed to perform certain tasks.
Database
A central theme to GIS is the database. A GIS database deals with spatial data.
GIS facilitate integration of spatial and attribute data and this makes GIS unique
in contrast to other database systems. The beauty of GIS technology lies in the
ability to assimilate disparate sources of data and analyse them.
Human Input
People who work with GIS form the most important component. GIS constitute
truly a interdisciplinary field and require varied backgrounds of expertise,
depending upon the applications. In addition, for technical management, a
Hardware Specialist, System Administrator, and Database Manager are required
for a corporate GIS set-up.
Policy and Procedures
A methodology is a must to derive the results users need. Basically, this includes
spatial analysis for the particular application. By and large, this depends upon the
institutional framework and its interest in exploiting GIS technology for decision-
making
GIS user and Their Relationships
Life time of the components
H hard- computer, periphery ~ 4 years
ware (digitizer, scanner, plotter)
S soft- programs, methods ~ 7 years
ware
D data data, rules, knowledge ~ 25 years
U user
The cost Pyramide
Hardware 5%
Software,
maintenance, training
15%
Data 80%
GIS products
product company URL data price discription
(commercial)
ArcGIS 9.x ESRI www. esri.com vecto universal,
r professional
raster GIS-family
ESRI www. esri.com vector 1500 € desktop GIS
ArcView 3.x
Raster
GeoMedia Intergraph www.intergraph. vecto 2000.-$ universal,
com/gis GeoMedia professional
r
10000.-$ GIS-family
raster GeoMedia Pro
AutoCAD Autodesk www.autodesk. vecto ? CAD-GIS
com
Map r
raster
MapInfo MapInfo mapinfo.com vecto 1500.-$ desktop GIS
r
raster
EASI/PACE PCI www.pcigeomat vector ? r s, photogr
ics.com
SPANS geomatics raster
ERDAS Erdas www.erdas.com vector ? r s, photogr
IMAGINE raster
product company URL data price discription
(commercial)
IDRISI Idrisi www. vecto 1500.-$ r s, photogr
idrisi.com
r
raster
MicroStation Bentley www.bentley vector ? CAD GIS,
.com network
GeoGraphics raster
SICAD SICAD www.sicad.c vector 1500.-$ universal,
om SICAD/SD professional
geomatics raster
>40000.-$ GIS
SICAD/open
Smallworld GE www.ge- vecto >40000.-$ universal,
smallworld.c professional
Smallworld om r
raster GIS
star next star www.star.be vector ? desktop GIS
informatic raster
GRASS vector 0€ Open
raster source
Geomatics is a world leading developer of geomatics
software and solutions based on its remote sensing,
digital photogrammetry, spatial analysis, and
cartographic editing programs. PCI Geomatics is
committed to supplying leading edge software, customer support and
service worldwide.
Geomatica Software Solutions: unites separate technologies for remote
sensing image processing, GIS, and digital cartography into a single
modular environment
Remote Sensing: Spatial Analysis Systems: Cartography:
EASI/PACE®
eCognition ILWIS
RADARSOFT®
SPANS® ACE®
Digital Photogrammetry: Image Interpretation:
OrthoEngine® PAMAP GISTM
ImageWorks®
APEX
• GeoMedia
• GeoMedia Pro
•GeoMedia WebMap
•GeoMedia WebMap Enterprise
9.x
