Chapter 1A & Chapter 1B
1.
Introducing Computer Systems 2. Looking Inside the Computer System
PART I
McGraw-Hill Technology Education Copyright 2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1 Objectives
Recognize the importance of computer literacy
Define the term, computer Describe the categories of computers Identify the components of a computer Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using computers Identify the elements of an information system Describe the various types of computer users Discuss various computer applications in society Distinguish between system software and application software
Recognize the purpose of a network
Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web
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A World of Computers
What is computer literacy (digital literacy)?
Current knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses Computers are everywhere
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What Is a Computer?
How is a computer defined?
Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory
Processes data into information
Conveys meaning and is useful to people
Accepts data
Collection of unprocessed items
Produces and stores results
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Parts of the Computer System
Computer systems have four parts
Hardware Software Data User
1B-5
Parts of the Computer System
Hardware
Mechanical devices in the computer Anything that can be touched
Software
Tell the computer what to do Also called a program Thousands of programs exist
1B-6
Parts of the Computer System
Data
Pieces of information Computer organize and present data
Users
People operating the computer Most important part Tell the computer what to do
1B-7
Categories of Computers
What are the categories of computers?
Personal Computers (desktop) Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Game Consoles Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded Computers
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Personal Computers
What are the two most popular styles of personal computers?
PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system
Apple Macintosh usually uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS X)
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Personal Computers
What is a desktop computer?
Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a notebook computer?
Portable, small enough to fit on your lap Also called a laptop computer Usually more expensive than a desktop computer with equal capabilities
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a Tablet PC?
Resembles a letter-sized slate Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen Especially useful for taking notes
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What are mobile devices?
Small enough to carry in a pocket Internet-enabled telephone is a smart phone
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a handheld computer? Small enough to fit in one hand
Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What is a personal digital assistant (PDA)?
Provides personal organizer functions
Calendar Appointment book Address book Calculator Notepad
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Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices
What are smart phones?
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Game Consoles
What are game consoles?
Mobile computing device designed for single-player or multiplayer video games
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Computers for Organizations
What types of servers are there?
A server controls access to network resources and provides centralized storage Mainframe Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of connected users Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations
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Embedded Computers
A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product
What is an embedded computer?
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Elements of an Information System
What are information system elements?
Hardware Software Data People Procedures
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Examples of Computer Usage
What software is available for a home user?
Personal finance management Web access Communications Entertainment
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Examples of Computer Usage
What software is available for a small office/home office (SOHO) user?
Productivity software Specialty software Web usage E-mail
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Examples of Computer Usage
What is available for a mobile user?
Hardware
Notebook computers Tablet PCs Internet-enabled PDAs Smart phones Word processing Spreadsheet Presentation graphics software
Software
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Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of a power user?
Speed and large amounts of storage Types of power users
Engineers Scientists Architects Desktop publishers Graphic artists
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Examples of Computer Usage
What are the needs of the large business user?
Payroll Inventory E-commerce Desktop publishing
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Computer Applications in Society
What are some examples of computer applications in society?
Education Finance Government Health Care Science Publishing Travel Manufacturing
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Information Processing Cycle
Steps followed to process data Input Processing Output Storage
1B-27
The Components of a Computer
What is an input device?
Hardware used to enter data and instructions
What is an output device?
Hardware that conveys information to one or more people
What is the system unit?
Case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data
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The Components of a Computer
What are two main components on the motherboard?
Processor
Also called a Central Processing Unit (CPU) The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer
Memory
Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions
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The Components of a Computer
What is storage?
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
Storage media
Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored
Storage device
Records and retrieves items to and from storage media
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The Components of a Computer
What is a USB flash drive?
Portable storage device Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket The average USB flash drive can hold about 2 billion characters
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The Components of a Computer
What is a hard disk?
Provides greater storage capacity than a USB flash drive Most are housed inside the system unit
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The Components of a Computer
What is a compact disc?
Flat, round, portable metal disc
CD DVD
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The Components of a Computer
What is a communications device?
Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information Occurs over cables, telephone lines, cellular radio networks, satellites, and other transmission media
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers
What are the advantages of using computers?
Speed
Reliability
Consistency
Storage
Communications
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers
What are the disadvantages of using computers?
Violation of Privacy
Public Safety
Impact on Labor Force
Health Risks
Impact on Environment
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Networks and the Internet
What is a network?
Collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly
Used to share
Resources Hardware devices Software programs Data Information
Saves time and money
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Networks and the Internet
What is a server?
A server controls access to resources on a network Clients, or workstations, request resources from the server
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Networks and the Internet
What is the Internet?
Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
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Networks and the Internet
Why do users access the Internet?
1. Communications 2. Research and Information 3. Shopping 4. Banking and Investing 5. Classes 6. Entertainment 7. Download Music
8. Share Information
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Networks and the Internet
What is the Web?
Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages You can share information on a social networking Web site or a photo sharing community A podcast is recorded audio stored on a Web site that can be downloaded
A Web page contains text, graphics, audio, video, and links to other Web pages
A blog consists of timestamped articles in a journal format
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Computer Software
What is software?
Consists of a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do and how to do it
Also called a program
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Computer Software
What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?
Allows you to interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as icons Controls how you enter data and instructions and how the screen displays information
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Computer Software
What is system software?
Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices
Operating System (OS)
is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices
Utility Programs allow the user to
perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs
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Computer Software
What is application software?
Programs designed to make users more productive
Word Processing Database Spreadsheet Presentation Graphics
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Computer Software
How do you install and run programs?
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Computer Software
JavaScript
What is a programmer?
Someone who develops software
Programmer writes the instructions to direct the computer to process data into information
Web application
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Summary of Introduction to Computers
Basic computer concepts
The term, computer The components of a computer The advantages and disadvantages of using computers The purpose of a network The uses of the Internet Computer software Categories of computers Types of computer users Computer applications in society
Chapter 1 Complete
