Getting Started with C++
Yingcai Xiao 09/03/08
Outline
What (is C++) Who (created C++) How (to write a C++ program)
C++
What is C++? C++ is an object-oriented programming language. Who created C++? Bjarne Stroustrup, while at AT&T. (now, a professor in Computer Science at Texas A&M University) http://www.research.att.com/~bs/
C++
C++ by Bjarne Stroustrup : FAQ: http://www.research.att.com/~bs/bs_faq.html http://www.research.att.com/~bs/bs_faq2.html#simpleprogram Books: The C++ Programming Language The Design and Evolution of C++ Recommendations: http://www.research.att.com/~bs/C++.html http://www.research.att.com/~bs/glossary.html "C++ coding standards by Sutter and Alexandrescu. http://www.research.att.com/~bs/JSF-AV-rules.pdf
C++ and Other Programming Languages
C: a non-object-oriented programming language, a subset of C++. Java: write-once, run-anywhere Needs JRE (Java Runtime Environment). Started simple and complexity being added later. Java isn't platform independent; it is a platform. .NET: any programming language and any-platform Needs to confirm to CTS (Common Type System). Needs to run through CLR (Common Language Runtime). .Net Code are called managed code. C++.NET: Managed C++. A subset of C++ confirms to CTS and runs through CLR. C++/CLI: extensions of C++ to CLI (Common Language Infrastructure). Better than managed C++. C#: A better Java confirms to CTS and runs through CLR. Runs only in .NET. C(+)n, n=0,2,4,?
C++ Compiler
http://www.research.att.com/~bs/compilers.html
GNU C++
http://gcc.gnu.org/ Cygwin: is a Linux-like environment for Windows http://www.cygwin.com/ Microsoft Visual Studio
Coding with an IDE (MS Visual Studio 2008) Using Start->Program Files-> MS Visual Studio 2008-> MS Visual Studio 2008 Select C++ as default environment if prompted to. File->New->Project-> Other Languages->Visual C++->Win32->Win32 Console Application Name: test Location: My Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects Note: Put all your projects under the directory. It is actually mapped to C:\Documents and Settings\YourID\My Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects. This directory is carried over if you log onto different lab computers and is protected from other users.
Coding with an IDE (MS Visual Studio 2008) Ok Welcome to the Win32 Application Wizard Next Console application Empty project Project->Add->New Item->Visual C++->Code->C++ File (.cpp) Name: test
Coding with an IDE (MS Visual Studio 2008) Enter the following code #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { cout << "Hello, World! " << endl; cout << "Pleas enter 'end' to end the program: "<< endl; char a; cin >> a; } Build->Build test Debug->Start Without Debugging Or double click: My Documents\Visual Studio 2008\Projects\test\debug\test.exe
Coding without an IDE
Follow parts 1-3 at the following site to install cygwin and c++ (g++) http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/moac/currentstudents/peter_coc k/cygwin/ Start->Program File->Cygwin->Cygwin Bash Shell To see the path of your Cygwin home directory: pwd (ignore /cygdrive/) To go to your Z drive: cd Z: To create a working directory: mkdir oop To move to the working directory: cd oop
Coding without an IDE
To create a program: notepad test.cpp Cut-and-paste an example program from http://www.cs.uakron.edu/~xiao/oop/C++Examples.zip file->save file->exit To compile the program: g++ test.cpp o test To run the program: ./test
/*
Your first C++ Program
Hello.cpp. This program demonstrates basic io, storage and computation in C++ Author: Dr. Xiao (9/6/07).
*/ #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <math.h> using namespace std; // head file for predefined io classes and objects // head file for the predefined string class // math.h: head file of math functions in c // can't omit .h, but can use <cmath> instead. // all names are in the std namespace
int main() { // primitive data types int i; float f; char a; // pre-defined classes string so,si;
Your first C++ Program
// basic io and computation cout << Hello! \n so = "Please enter "; cout << so; cout << "a string: "; cin >> si; cout << si << endl; cout << "Please enter an integer: "; cin >> i; cout << "You square of " << i << " is " << i*i << endl; cout << "Please enter a floating point number: "; cin >> f; cout << "The square root of " << f << " is " << sqrt(f) << endl; so += "'q' to end: "; cout << so; cin >> a; }
