Digital Electronics and Computer
Interfacing
PH 534
Tim Mewes
Spring 2011
Digital Electronics
Binary systems with two possible values (logic states):
High/Low
ON/OFF
1/0
TRUE/FALSE
First part of the course, after introduction to LabVIEW
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Digital Electronics and Computer Interfacing
Computer interfacing
Connects the digital world to the analog world
One way to communicate with Laboratory equipment is
by using GPIB-commands
(General Purpose Instrumentation Bus)
Data acquisition cards (DAQ-cards) provide another
interface between the computer and the outside world
Second part of the course
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Digital Electronics and Computer Interfacing
1. LabVIEW Basics
1.1 Front panel
1.2 Block diagram
1.3 Getting help
1.4 Debugging
Experiment #1
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Digital Electronics and Computer Interfacing
1. LabVIEW Basics
Block diagram:
contains the graphical
program code
Front panel:
the interface to the
program
<CTRL>-E switches
between Block diagram
and Front panel
Together these two parts constitute a Virtual Instrument short: VI
A VI is typically build by using other VIs which are then called subVIs
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Digital Electronics and Computer Interfacing
1. LabVIEW basics
1.1 Front panel
Pull-down menus
Window title
VI icon (right click
for short cut menu)
Toolbar
Area that holds
controls/indicators
enables user interaction
(Numeric) controls:
Enable the user to enter data
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(Numeric) indicator:
Displays data
Digital Electronics and Computer Interfacing
1. LabVIEW basics
1.1.1 Front panel toolbar
run continuously button
resize objects
pause/resume button
align objects
text settings
run button
show/hide
context help
distribute objects
abort execution button
reorder objects
broken run button
indicates coding errors
indicates running top level VI
indicates that a VI caller is running
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Digital Electronics and Computer Interfacing
1. LabVIEW basics
1.1.2 Controls palette
right clicking in an empty area of the front
panel opens the controls palette
choose the general type of control/indicator:
1. Numeric controls & indicators
2. Boolean controls & indicators
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2
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3. String & Path controls & indicators
4. Array, Matrix & Cluster controls & indicators
5. Graphs (indicators)
Digital Electronics and Computer Interfacing
1. LabVIEW basics
1.1.2 Controls palette
right clicking in an empty area of the front
panel opens the controls palette
choose the general type of control/indicator:
1. Numeric controls & indicators
from the submenu choose the desired control/indicator
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place the object on the front panel:
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left click
type in a name for the control, finish with
or by clicking on an empty spot of the front panel
avoid using generic names like Numeric!
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Digital Electronics and Computer Interfacing
1. LabVIEW basics
1.1.3 Short cut menus
right clicking in different areas of a control opens
different short cut menus
changes a control into an indicator and vice versa
opens the properties dialog box
Can be used to change the default value, data range, label,
documentation and many more properties of objects.
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1. LabVIEW basics
1.1.4 VI icon and connector pane
right click on the icon opens the short cut menu
opens the icon editor:
always design your own icon for your VIs
avoid using the standard icons!
many times you will only see the icon of
your VIs
shows the connector pane of the VI
the connector pane is used to define
inputs and outputs of subVIs
(will be discussed in detail later)
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1. LabVIEW basics
1.1.5 Icon editor
Pencil: Draws and erases pixel by pixel.
Copy from: Copies from a color icon to a black and white
icon and from a black and white icon to a color icon.
Line: Draws straight lines.
Color Copy: Copies the foreground
color from an element in the icon.
Fill: Fills an outlined area with the
foreground color.
Rectangle: Draws a rectangular
border in the foreground color.
Filled Rectangle: Draws a rectangle
with a foreground color frame and
filled with the background color.
Select: Selects an area of the icon to
cut, copy, move, or make other
changes.
Text: Enters text into the icon. Double-click this tool to
select a different font. While text is active, you can move
the text by pressing the arrow keys.
Foreground/Background: Displays the current foreground and
background colors. Click each rectangle to access a color picker from
which you can select new colors.
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1. LabVIEW basics
1.1.6 Tools palette
<SHIFT> + right-click or select it in the View pull-down menu
Used to modify the cursor appearance and its functionality
Automatic Selection Tool (off): Keep it on!
<SHIFT>+<TAB> turns it back on
Operating Tool
Scrolling Tool
Positioning/Resizing Tool
Breakpoint Tool
Labeling Tool
Probe Tool
Wiring Tool
Color Copy Tool
Shortcut Menu Tool
Coloring Tool
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1. LabVIEW basics
1.2 Block diagram
Pull-down menus
Window title
VI icon (right click
for short cut menu)
Toolbar
This is where the
program code is written
wire
Control terminals
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function
node
Indicator terminal
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1. LabVIEW basics
1.2.1 Block diagram toolbar
retain wire values saves data values
Step Over executes a node and pauses at the next node
debugging features
Highlight execution button
enables/disables execution highlighting
data flow will be visible
Step Out finishes executing the
current node and pauses
Step Into opens a node and pauses
Execution highlighting enabled
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1. LabVIEW basics
1.2.2 Functions palette
right clicking in an empty area of the block
diagram opens the functions palette
choose the general type of node you want to insert:
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1. Structures (For Loop, While Loop, Event Structure, etc.)
2. Array functions (Array size, Index Array, Build Array, etc.)
3. Cluster & Variant functions
4. Numeric functions (Add, Subtract, Multiply, etc.)
5. Boolean functions (AND, OR, XOR, etc.)
6. String functions (String length, Concatenate Strings, etc.)
7. Comparison functions (Equal, NOT equal, greater, etc.)
8. Instrument I/O (Data acquisition & interfacing)
9. User Libraries (your own VIs)
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place the actual object on the block diagram
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1. LabVIEW basics
1.2.3 Wiring objects
once you move the cursor over an input (or output)
terminal it changes to the wiring tool
left click starts a wire
moving the mouse creates a wire (dashed line)
left click again over an output (or input) terminal
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1. LabVIEW basics
1.2.3 Wiring objects
wiring errors are indicated by broken wires
moving the wiring tool over a broken wire
displays a tip strip that describes why the
wire is broken
<CTRL>-B removes all broken wires on the
Block diagram
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1. LabVIEW basics
1.2.3 Wiring objects
Wiring Hot Spot
Left Click To Select Wires
Clean Up Wiring
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1. LabVIEW basics
1.2.4 Short cut menus
right clicking on terminals, function nodes
and wires opens different short cut menus
terminals:
- find the corresponding object on the front panel
- hide the corresponding object on the front panel
- change the properties of the object
etc.
function nodes:
- create a constant, control or indicator for
a particular input or output very useful
etc.
wires:
- create a constant, control or indicator
- clean up the wire
- set/clear breakpoints etc.
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1. LabVIEW basics
1.3 Help
<CTRL>+H,
or Show Context Help from the
Help pull-down menu toggles the Context Help on and off
Move the cursor over the Block diagram object you are
interested in
Using <CTRL>+?, F1 or Search the LabVIEW from the
Help pull-down menu you can get more detailed help
Besides help for different LabVIEW components tutorials are also
available (PDF-files)
try for example to search for getting started how-to
Use Find examples from the Help pull-down menu to find example VIs for
a specific task
Make yourself familiar with the LabVIEW help!
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1. LabVIEW basics
1.4 Debugging
Locating errors:
Click on broken Run button:
a Window that explains the error and possible solutions appears
Execution Highlighting:
Click on Execution Highlighting button; data flow is animated
using bubbles. Values are displayed on wires.
Probes:
Right-click on wire to display probe and it shows data
as it flows through wire segment
You can also select Probe tool
and click on the wire
from the Tools palette
If retain wire values is on
the last data flowed through
the wire at the last VI execution is shown immediately
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1. LabVIEW basics
1.4 Debugging
Break points:
Right-click on a wire or node to set/clear a break point
Continue execution until the next break point or the end of the program
Step Into opens a node and pauses
Step Over executes a node and pauses at the next node
Step Out finishes executing the current node and pauses
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