Input and Output
Knowledge:
Understand various types of input and output syntaxes
Skill:
Develop a program to read/capture input and display output
Computer Science Department
FTSM
Input and Output
There are various functions available in C library
that can be used for input and output activities.
The two functions that will be explained here are
printf() and scanf()
printf() function is used for displaying characters
on output devices (normally video display)
scanf() function is used for reading/capturing
characters from input devices (normally
keyboard)
TK1913-C Programming
printf Function
General format for printf function:
printf( output_format ,[value_list] );
output_format tells function about the format
that should be followed when displaying output
value_list is a list of variables, constants,
expressions or combination of them, which
values are parts of the displayed output
TK1913-C Programming
printf Function
Example:
printf(TK1913 C Programming\n\n);
printf(List of Students\n);
printf(Ahmad bin Ali);
What does \n
mean?
TK1913
TK1913 C
C Programming
Programming
List of Students
_ of Students
List
Ahmad bin Ali _
_
TK1913-C Programming
printf Function
printf() function can be used to display values
of variable, constant and others
To display a value, the format of the value has
to be stated in the output_format. For example,
the position of the value when the output is
displayed
TK1913-C Programming
printf Function
Formats for displaying output values:
%s for string
%c for character
%d for integer
%f for float/double
%e for float/double (scientific notation)
TK1913-C Programming
printf Function - String
Format for string: %s
Example:
Output format
Value (a string constant)
printf( %s , Display a string\n );
Similar to:
printf( Display a string\n );
Output format
Normally, it is used to display an array of characters
Example:
char name[ ] = Nadiah;
printf( %s , name );
Output
TK1913-C Programming
format
Value (an array of characters)
7
printf Function - String
Example:
printf( Name: %s\nStudent No: %s, Ali Bakar,
A92333);
Output format
Name: Ali Bakar
Student No: A92333_
TK1913-C Programming
printf Function - String
Example:
printf( Name: %s\nStudent No: %s, Ali Bakar,
A92333);
Name: Ali Bakar
Student No: A92333_
TK1913-C Programming
printf Function - Character
Format for character: %c
Example:
printf(%c %c %c, U, K, M);
U K M_
TK1913-C Programming
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printf Function - Character
Example:
printf(%c%c%c, U, K, M);
UKM_
TK1913-C Programming
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printf Function - Character
Example:
char1 U
char1 = U;
char2 = K;
char2 K
?
char3 = M;
char3 M
?
printf(%c %c %c, char1, char2, char3);
U K M_
TK1913-C Programming
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printf Function - Integer
Format for integer: %d
General format:
%[<min_field_width>.<min_digit>]d
Example:
printf(Value is:%10.6d, 56342);
6 digits
Value is:
056342
10 characters
TK1913-C Programming
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printf Function - Integer
Example:
printf(Value is:%10.3d, 56342);
5 digits
Value is:
56342
Min 3 digits
10 characters
TK1913-C Programming
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printf Function - Integer
Example:
printf(Value is:%10.4d, 56342);
Value is:56342
Min 4 characters
5 characters
TK1913-C Programming
15
printf Function - Float
Format for float: %f
General format:
%[<min_field_width>.<decimal_places>]f
Example:
printf(Value is:%10.4f, 32.6784728);
4 digits
Value is: 32.6784
10 characters
TK1913-C Programming
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printf Function - Float
Example:
printf(Value is:%10f, 32.6784728);
6 digits (default)
Value is: 32.678473
10 characters
TK1913-C Programming
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printf Function - Float
Example:
printf(Value is:%10.5f, 32.6784);
5 digits
Value is: 32.67840
10 characters
TK1913-C Programming
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printf Function - Float
Example:
printf(Value is:%5f, 32.6784728);
6 digits (default)
Value is:32.678473
9 characters
TK1913-C Programming
Min 5 characters
19
printf Function - Float
Example:
printf(Value is:%.3f, 32.6784728);
3 digits
Value is:32.678
TK1913-C Programming
20
printf Function - Float
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
age 21
?
void main( ) {
int age;
height 1.73
?
float height;
age = 21;
height = 1.73;
printf(Ali is %d years old and his height is %.5f meters\n,
age, height);}
Ali is 21 years old and his height is 1.73000 meters
_
TK1913-C Programming
21
scanf Function
General format for scanf function:
scanf( input_format , list_of_variables );
input_format tells function about the format that should
be followed when capturing data
list_of_variables are locations in memory, in which the
captured data is kept
input_format should contain specification of each
intended input data
User needs to key-in data based on the format and
specification set by the program
TK1913-C Programming
22
scanf Function
Example:
printf(Key-in a character and a number: );
scanf(%c%d, &char, &num);
printf(Character: %c\n, char);
char
m
?
num 103
?
printf(Number: %d\n, num);
Key-in a character and a number: m103
Character: m
_
Number:
103
_
TK1913-C Programming
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scanf Function
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
day
16
?
month 12
?
void main( ) {
int day, month, year;
?
scanf(%d %d %d, &day, &month, &year); year 2005
printf(Day: %d, Month: %d, Year: %d, day, month,
year);
}
16 12 2005
Day: 16, Month: 12, Year: 2005_
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Conclusion & Discussion
Your Project
Any problem during lab and tutorial
sessions??
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25
End of Lecture 5
Yes !! Thats all?
Whats next???
OPERATORS &
EXPRESSIONS on the way
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