Atlas Copco Geotechnical Drilling and Exploration
Rock Reinforcement
Ing. Rudy Dante Aguilar Icho
GDE Sales Conference 2007
Contenido
SDA- Self Drilling Anchors
Swellex
Swellex Pumps
MAI Pump M400NT
Roofex (2008)
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
Rock Reinforcement
Markets by application, domains and rock type
Surface (Slope Stabilization & Piling)
Hard Rock
Soil / weak Rock
Increasing
Stresses
Underground (Tunneling & Mining)
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
U/G
Productos MAI de sostenimiento de rocas
Roca dura
Suelo / Roca dbil
Superficie (Estabilizacion de taludes y pilotes)
Subterrneo (Minera & Tunelera)
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
SDA Product Line
Barsproduced from 12m long pipes
And cut to size 1m,2m,3m,4mand 6m
Drill bits
Face plates, Nuts & Couplings
Grout Pump
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
SDA Pernos auto perforables
A ) Elementos funcionales
B) Elementos operacionales
Barra de anclaje
Extensiones
Platina
Tuerca
Brocas y centralizadores
MAI SDA = Self Drilling Hollow Core Anchor System
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
SDA Mtodos de Instalacin
Perforacin
Inyeccin de cemento
Instalacin de la platina
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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MAI-SDA: Grouting method
Connecting grout hose
Drilling
1
3
Grouting with MAI Pump m400NT
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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MAI-SDA: Grouting method
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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SDA
Self Drilling Hollow Core Anchor System
A ) Functional elements
B) Operational elements
Anchor rods
* Sacrificial Drill bits
Extension Couplings
Nut and Plate
R25
R32
R38
T76
R25N
R32N
R32S
R38N
R51L
R51N
200 / 150
280 /230
360 / 280
500 / 400
550 / 450
800 / 630
R32L
Replaced by
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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R51
T76N
T76S
1600 / 1200 1900 / 1500
Ultimate Load / Yield Load
Proteccin de Corrosin
- Corrosin de Sacrificio
+ So3, Cl ambiente C~ 0,15mm/ ao
+ Ambiente de agua dulce
C~0,07mm/ao
Tiempo de vida se determina mediante
el grado anual de corrosin
- Galvanizado en caliente
+ Mnimo con capa de Zinc 80 micrones
(promedio actual 150-200 micrones
Vida de servicio determinado
generalmente por standares existentes
entre 5-10 aos
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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SDA typical Sacrificial Drill bits
Type -EX, EXX
Type -X
Type -EY,EYY
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Type -EC, ECC
Type -ESD,ESSD
Type -ESF, ESSF
Type -XX
Where are SDA anchors used ?
..... In very difficult and unstable ground conditions, such as unconsolidated
sands, gravels or broken and fractured rock formations.
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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SDA Mtodos de Instalacin
Sistema Standard de Perforacin:
Roto percusin ..(Perforacin giratoria)
Tipos de Barrido: * Barrido de Agua... En arena densa, formacin de grava o
de acuerdo a las condiciones de roca
mejor barrido en cortes grandes y enfriamiento de las brocas
* Barrido de Aire En suelo suave, por ejemplo, caliza
suave, arcilla o similar
donde se evite derrame excesivo de agua
* Inyeccin de Cemento y Perforacin Simultnea......
En todas las condiciones de suelo no consolidadas
- estabiliza el taladro de perforacin durante la instalacin,
consiguiendo una mejor inyeccin que cubra la longitud de
anclaje
- buena penetracin alrededor del suelo, por lo tanto se
obtiene mejores valores de friccin externos
- la instalacin se realiza en una sola operacin, por
lo que se ahorra tiempo !
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Surface crawler D7 with IRIA
D7 with COP 1838 IRIA and Rod
guiding/ clamping System
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IRIA kit
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Comparisons: SDA and conventional rebars
Alto grado de instalacin ya que no requiere la operacin bsica de perforacin.
La perforacin, posicin e inyeccin se realiza en una sola operacin
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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1/3
1/2
Herramientas de Instalacin Atlas Copco
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Instalacin Semi-Mecanizada y Post Inyeccin
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Instalacin Semi Mecanizada e Inyeccin a
travs del IRIA
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Pull out test
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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La bomba de Inyeccin m400NT y la m400EASY
GDE Sales Conference 2007
22
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Function m400NT
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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SDA - Applications
Applications
Soil & Rock Nailing
Micro Injection Piling
Temp. Prestress Anchor
Tunnelling
'SRN'
'MIP'
'TSA'
'SDA'
R 25
R 32
R 38
R 38
R 51
T 76
Ground Engineering (GE)
Surface Applications
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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R 38
R 51
R 25
R 32
T 76
Tunnelling (TU)
Underground Application
Potential Problem Area - Slopes
Visit Guni Tunnel Portal 1 Katra
India, 2004
Site Report 05/2005 after 250m total Tunnel
collapse
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
Fractured Rock / Unconsolidated soil
Visit Guni Tunnel Portal 2 Reasi
India, 2004
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Introduction Soil Nailing
Lambagarh Slide Chamoli District
Uttar Pradesh, India
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Potential Problem Area - Tunnelling
Hanbau Tunnel,Taiwan 2000
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Tunnelling Applications (TU)
Systematic Radial Bolting
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Fore-poling or Spiling
Soil & Rock Nailing Applications (GE)
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Soil Nailing Construction Method
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Slope Stabilisation
Shortlands Junction, Bromley, 2002, UK
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Micro Injection Piles
Application and advantages
- Post settlement control on
existing structures (e.g. MIP
installation in cellars or similar).
- Increasing the foundation
capacity for existing structures.
- New deep foundation for
structures in congested city
areas with narrow access
routes.
- The use of simultaneous
drilling and grouting method.
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Temporary support anchors
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Temporary support anchors
Retaining Structure for railway embankment at
Bijlmer Station; Amsterdam
Ca. 700 no TSA T76N L=25m , BL=12m, Working
Load 600kN
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
Battered wall
Birmingham Northern Relief Rd.
( M6-Toll), UK
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Design
Birmingham Northern Relief Rd.
( M6-Toll), UK
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Slope Stabilisation and Protection
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Koudiat Acerdoune Dam project
Algeria, 2004
Slope Stabilisation and Protection
Tunnel Project Eichelberg,Germany: R51L
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Battered wall
Jerusalem 2003
40.000m R32N galvanized, Production
with D7 24no SRN, 12m lg per WD
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Battered wall
Taipei , Taiwan, 1999
R32N 1.000m
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Slope Stabilisation and Protection
Preparation Tunnel Portal Greece, 2000
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Battered wall
Sir Herbert Miles Road, Gibraltar, 1999
R32N 8.500m
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Flexible Facing
Shortlands Junction, Bromley, 2002, UK
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Soft Facing
Pensnett Industrial Estate Project, UK, 1999
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Soft Facing with wire meshes
Tintern Nr. Chepstow, 2000, UK
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Drainage System
Dublin M50, Ireland, 2000
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Drainage System
........somewhere in the UK, 2000
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
SRN Application
Limestone
Quarry2007Carriere DArvel Switzerland 2004
GDE Sales Conference
11/27/2014
SRN Solution
Limestone Quarry Carriere DArvel
Switzerland 2004
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
Rock Fall & Avalanche Barriers
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
Micro Injection Piles
MIP for Nokia, Jyvskvi, Finland 2000
Settlement
Control at City hall in Tallinn
GDE Sales Conference 2007
Estonia, 1999
11/27/2014
Micro Injection Piles
Unicorn Abrasives, UK, 1998
R32N
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Micro Injection Piles
MIP Bank of Finnland, Helsinki, 2000
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Temporary support anchors
Secant pile retaining structure, Uk, 1999
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Temporary support anchors
Centerville, Vancouver, 2000
R38N 9.000m
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
Permanent support anchors
Restructuring of channel support, Holland, 1996
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
Tunnelling (TU)
Hanbau Tunnel, Taiwan, 1999
GDE
Sales Conference
2007
R 32N
80.000m
11/27/2014
Tunnelling (TU)
Dual Railway Tunnel Bologna, Italy 2003
R38N L=15m
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
Tunnelling Pipe Roofing
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
Umbrella at Montegiglio Tunnel Project, Italy,
April 2002 R51L L=9m/ 3m overlap
Productos MAI de sostenimiento de rocas
Roca dura
Suelo / Roca dbil
Superficie (Estabilizacion de taludes y pilotes)
Subterrneo (Minera & Tunelera)
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
Swellex Products Line
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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SWELLEX MANUFACTURING
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
SWELLEX PRINCIPLE
Folded Steel Tube
Expanded through high water pressure
Radial pressure on surrounding rock
Immediate roof support !!!
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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EXPANSION PRINCIPLE
SWELLEX
before
Face Plate
expansion
Inlet Hole
SWELLEX
Installed In the hole
A >> B
High
water
Expanded SWELLEX
Pressure
in the hole
SWELLEX
after expansion
300
bar
After expansion air pressure
force water out of the inlet hole
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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INSTALLATION SEQUENCE
1
Drilling
Insertion
Expansion
Atlas Copco
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Pumps
automatically stops
Atlas Copco
IMMEDIATE FULL COLUMN SUPPORT
Immediate full column support
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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SWELLEX FEATURES IN THE HOLE
Allows major
shear movements
Swellex bridges
gaps in
the rock
Swellex
Net washer
for screening
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Swellex follows
all the
irregularituis
in the hole
In hard rock,
50 cm inflated
profile develop
100KN friction
SWELLEX ADVANTAGES
Immediate rock support
Safety
Full column action
Safety
Fast installation
Easy and trouble-free installation
Insensitive to irregularities in the hole
Atlas Copco Quality control
No Resin, No cement
Pressure control after the installation
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Productivity
Productivity
Versatility
Reliability , Safety
Enviromentally friendly
Controllable rock reinforcement
SWELLEX BOLTS PORTFOLIO
Mn12 / Pm12
Plastic-Coated
Pm16
Mn24 / Pm24
Pm24Connectable
Pm24Connectable
Retainer Section
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Bitumen-Coated
Pm24Hanger
INSTALLATION HOLE DIAMETER
Initial Profile
Min Hole diameter
Max hole diameter
Swellex Mn12 & Pm12
27 mm
32 mm
39 mm
Swellex Mn16 & Pm16
36 mm
43 mm
52 mm
Swellex Mn24 & Pm24
36 mm
43 mm
52 mm
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Resistencia a la Friccin vs. Dimetro del Taladro
Frictional resistence
kN/m
Traction Test in Granite
300
200
Super
Swellex & Mn24
Standard
Swellex & Mn12
100
30
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Midi
Swellex & Mn16
35
38 40
45
Hole diameter (mm)
50
Dimetro de la broca
Bit Gauge
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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SWELLEX PREMIUM LINE
Swellex Premium
Pm12
Pm16
Pm24
Yield Load kN
100
130
200
Min. Breaking Load kN
120
160
240
Min. Elongation %
15
10
10
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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SWELLEX MANGANESE LINE
Swellex Manganese
Heat Treated
Mn12
Mn16
Mn24
Yield Load kN*
75
N/A
150
Min. Breaking Load kN
100
N/A
200
20 - 25
N/A
20 - 25
Min. Elongation %
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Swellex Mn
Alta capacidad de carga y
al mismo tiempo
Alta capacidad de absorcin de energa
RESULTADO: un perno superior
Un perno que produce mas trabajo!
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
TYPES OF STEEL BASICS
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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ROCK MECHANICS ANCHORAGE
SWELLEX ANCHORAGE MECHANISM
HARD & COHESIVE ROCK
Swellex
In hard rock Swellex profile will
deform regularly accordingly with
small irregularities in the hole.
Anchorage in a combination of small
(differential) mechanical interlocking
and friction. As hard rock do not
deform plastically, better anchorage
will be reached when hole diameter in
the upper recommended range
(larger hole) to maximize the area of
contact.
Clay Shale Limestone Granit Sansdstone Breccia Sand
Cohesive Material
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Frictional Material
ROCK MECHANICS ANCHORAGE
SWELLEX ANCHORAGE MECHANISM
SOFT & NON-COHESIVE ROCK
Swellex
In soft rock, Swellex profile will deform
irregularly, compressing the rock,
accordingly with variation of plastic
property of the rock in the hole (nonhomogeneity). Anchorage in a
combination of large mechanical
interlocking and friction. As soft rock
will deform plastically, better anchorage
will be reached with hole diameters in
the lower recommended range (small
hole) to maximize the fluctuation of
profile diameter in the hole.
Clay Shale Limestone Granit Sansdstone Breccia Sand
Cohesive Material
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
Frictional Material
SWELLEX en roca fracturada
Active, radial forces
increase the friction
on the surfaces of the joints
- In soft rock, macro deformation variations along the profile
provide strong interlock.
Radial expansion
increases
the friction coefficient in
granular material
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Comportamiento Del Perno Swellex
Confinamiento radial
Alojamiento en el taladro
Presin de la placa sobre la roca
Soporte de carga libre
Accin dominante del bloque
Desarrollo del arco
Confinamiento de la roca
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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SWELLEX PLATES AND WASHER
PORTFOLIO
Adjustable face plate for optimal load distribution, even in case
of angled hole direction
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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INSTALLATION COMPONENTS
Principal components SWELLEX System
Swellex
Bolt and Plate
Chuck
Swellex
Pump
Swellex
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Installation
Arm
SWELLEX PUMPS PORTFOLIO
Hydraulic
Electric
Pneumatic
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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ARMS & CHUCKS PORTFOLIO
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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INSTALLATION METHODS
MANUAL INSTALLATION
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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INSTALLATION METHODS
SEMI MECHANIZED INSTALLATION
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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INSTALLATION METHODS
MECHANISED INSTALLATION
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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PULL TESTS
1. SLIP PULL TEST
2. DESTRUCTIVE PULL TEST
3. NON-DESTRUCTIVE PULL TEST
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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QUALITY ASSURANCE on the Field
PULL TEST EQUIPMENT
The Pull Test Equipment
is used to control the
anchorage capacity and
the integrity of Swellex
bolts.
Note: Sleeves are required to
perform slip test (anchorage
capacity test)
Pull Test Equipment Complete for Mn12/Pm12,
Mn16/Pm16 & Mn24/Pm24
8613 1108 00
Sleeve for Mn12/Pm12: 150mm length
3128 3139 75
Sleeve for Mn16/Pm & Mn24/Pm24: 150mm length
3196 2302 00
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
PULL TESTS SLIP
Slip pull-test are requested to:
Give engineers information for rock support
design.
Anchorage capacity in the different types of
rocks
Effect of hole diameter on the anchorage
capacity
SLIP PULL TEST
The slip pull test is done to determine the anchorage capacity of Swellex. Sleeves
are slid on the profile in order to limit the length of the profile inflated (in contact) in
the hole and authorize sliding of the bolt when pull tested.
Ex. A Mn12 having a free length (not covered by sleeve) of 0,3m is inflated in a
38mm holes in granite. Performing a pull test, sliding occurs at 60kN. The
anchorage capacity can them be calculated; 60kN / 0,3m = 200kN/m for 38mm hole
diameter in granite.
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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PULL TESTS DESTRUCTIVE
Destructive pull-tests are giving
information on:
Behavior of Swellex in the rock
Mode of failure
Total deformation prior to failure
Progressive debonding
Steel performances
Max strength
Deformation
DESTRUCTIVE PULL TEST
A destructive pull tests gives information on the ultimate capacity of the Swellex
bolt. Important information can be collected on the behavior of Swellex in the rock
matrix. It is the best way to assess bolts condition, evaluate corrosion effect on
old bolts and to compare results to original specification.
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
PULL TESTS NON-DESTRUCTIVE
Non destructive pull tests are useful:
To control Swellex quality without affecting
the bolt
To assess that minimum performance
requested are met if corrosion is
suspected
To evaluate that minimum performance
are reached in time
Steel performances
Minimum strength
NON DESTRUCTIVE PULL TEST
Non destructive pull tests are performed to assess bolts performance up to a set
value usually located in the elastic behavior of the bolt. This test offer the
advantage of testing the Swellex bolts without damaging the bolt or affecting the
surface support. It is the best test to monitor bolts performance in time.
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Aplicaciones SWELLEX
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
Rock Pre-Reinforcement
Tunnel Front
Tunnel front stabilization in soft formations and fault zones
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Rock Pre-Reinforcement
Tunnel Enlargement
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
Rock Pre-Reinforcement
Tunnels
No damages to the cutting tools
TBM
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Road Headers
COMING SOON.
The Roofex - A New Rock Bolt!
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
The new Roofex
Description of details
Sleeve
Stop Element
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Sleeve
Sliding Element
Bar
Plate
Nut
The new Roofex Rx 10
The future of deep mine rock bolting
Adapts itself to ground movements
Has a patented sliding element over a high strength steel
bar
Provides constant load capacity at 75 kN in static loading
conditions
Can absorb 20 kJoules of energy on a single event
Can still provide a 100 kN maximum load capacity after
sliding is complete
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
The new Roofex Rx 10
The future of deep mine rock bolting
Can be installed with resin or cement grout
Can be manufactured in most standard length
Can have the pre-set sliding distance choosen during
manufacturing ( 60 cm is the maximum recommended)
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Roofex
Section after installation
Stop Element
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Protection tube
Sliding Element
Resin
Protection tube
Steel Bar
Roofex in yielding ground
We want to control this!
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Roofex
Force [kN]
Bolt sliding under design load
Distance [mm]
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Roofex
Bolt after having reached the end of the defined sliding length
(=stop element hits bale)
Force [kN]
Results of multiple tests
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
Distance [mm]
Roofex
Force [kN]
The bolt takes load up to the UL of the rebar before failing
Results of
Multiple tests
Distance [mm]
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Roofex Targeted Applications: Dynamic
Failure Events
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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Roofex in dynamic events
Bolt can still hold more than 95 kN
ultimate load after the impact
Impact Tests on Rx10
Load vs displacement
Roofex 60 cm Set Displacement
120
Bolt Failure
12,00
100
Test B - 5kJ
Test C - 5 kJ
Test D - 5 kJ
Test E - 15 kJ
Test F - 20 kJ
Test G - 27 kJ
8,00
6,00
4,00
2,00
0,00
0,00
80
Load (kN)
Load (Tons)
10,00
60
40
200,00
400,00
Plate Displacement (mm)
600,00
20
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Plate displacement (mm)
GDE Sales Conference 2007
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140
160
180
200
The new Roofex Rx 10
The future of deep mine rock bolting
New rock bolt with a patented sliding system that delivers
consistent load displacement properties
Installation as simple as another conventional rock bolt
Can handle large deformations
Can handle large impact loads
Displacement length can be defined during manufacturing
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
FUTURE PRODUCTS
Roofex: Introduction in 2008
R32L Galvanized: documentation to be completed
E1 Swellex pump available now
EC1 Swellex pump planned for early 2008
T100 under development: for 2008
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
QUALITY CONTROL DURING MANUFACTURE
Swellex
IST System
Profile Inflation Test
Profile and Bushing Strength Tests
SDA Bars testing raw material and end product
Coupling testing with external certification
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
We are committed to your
superior productivity through
interaction and innovation.
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
GDE Sales Conference 2007
11/27/2014
