CS2401-COMPUTER GRAPHICS
INTRODUCTION
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COMPUTER GRAPHICS VS ANIMATION:
Computer graphics is just the use
of computers to create an image
Animation is the process of turning
collection of images is to video
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OUTPUT PRIMITIVES:
To describe structure of basic object is referred to as output
primitives.
Structure such as straight line segments and polygon color
areas.
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LINE DRAWING
It is accomplished by calculating intermediate positions along the
line path between two specified end points positions.
An output device is then directed to fill in these positions between
the end points
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ATTRIBUTE OF OUTPUT PRIMITIVES
DEFINITION
Any parameter that affects the way a primitive is to be displayed is
referred to as an attribute parameter.
LINE ATTRIBUTE
CURVE ATTRIBUTE
COLOR AND GRAY SCALE LEVEL
AREA FILLED ATTRIBUTE
TEXT AND CHARACTERS
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LINE ATTRIBUTES
Basic attributes of a straight line segment are its type, its width, and its
color.
Line Type
Line Width
Pen and Brush Options
Line Color
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LINE TYPE
To set line type a user invokes the function
setLinetype (lt)
Integer value- 1
Solid line
Integer value- 2
Dashed line
Integer value- 3
Dotted line
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LINE WIDTH
To set the line width attributes.
setLinewidthScaleFactor(lw)
Line width parameter lw is assigned a positive number
A value of 1 specifies a standard width line.
Values greater than 1 produce lines thicker than the standard.
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LINE CAP
Adjust the shape of the line ends to give them a better appearance by adding
line caps.
There are three types of line cap. They are
Butt cap - displayed with square ends that are perpendicular to the line path.
Round cap - adding a filled semicircle to each butt cap
Projecting square cap - extend the line and add butt caps
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LINE JOINS
Three possible methods for smoothly joining two line segments
Mitter Join - extending the outer boundaries of each of the two lines until
they meet
Round Join - capping the connection between the two segments with a
circular boundary whose diameter is equal to the width
Bevel Join - displaying the line segment with but caps and filling in
tri angular gap where the segments meet
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PEN AND BRUSH
. The selected pen or brush determine the way a line will be drawn.
. Pens and brushes have size, shape, color and pattern attribute.
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CURVE ATTRIBUTE
Similar to line : type + width
Curves displayed with varying colors, widths, dot dash patterns and available
pen or brush options
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COLOR AND GRAY SCALE LEVEL
Colors are represented by colors codes which are positive
integers.
Color information is stored in frame buffer or in separate table
and use pixel values as index to the color table.
Two ways to store color information :
1. Direct
2. Indirect
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COLOR
Direct
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COLOR
Indirect
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COLOR Lookup Table
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COLOR Lookup Table
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GRAY SCALE LEVEL
Apply for monitor that have no color
Shades of grey (white->light grey->dark grey->black)
Color code mapped onto grayscale codes
2 bits can give 4 level of grayscale
8 bits per pixel will allow 256 combination
Dividing the actual code with 256 will give range of 0 and 1
Ex:
Color code in color display is 118
To map to nearest grayscale then
118/256 = 0.45
light gray
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AREA FILLED ATTRIBUTE
Option for filling a defined region is whether solid , pattern and colors.
Fill Styles
Three basic fill styles are:
Hollow with color border.
Interior color is same with background
Pattern
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. filled with a solid color .. color up to and including the border
pattern .. control by other table
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TEXT AND CHARACTERS
CHARACTER ATTRIBUTES
The appearance of displayed character is controlled by attributes such as
font, size, color and orientation.
A particular font and associated style is selected using the function
setTextFont(tf)
Text size can be adjusted without changing the width to height ratio of
characters with
SetCharacterHeight (ch)
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Spacing between characters is controlled separately with
setCharacterSpacing(cs)
To arrange character strings vertically or horizontally
setTextPath (tp)
where the text path parameter tp can be assigned the value: right, left, up,
or down
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