Two Stroke Engines
Will need CDX Disk 4-1 on day 2
2 Stoke Engines
Everything a 4
stroke engine does
in 2 revolutions a 2
stroke engine does
in 1 revolution of
the crankshaft
11/2001
2 Stroke Engines
The next page in your notebooks
will be 2 stroke engines page
#_________
There will be a 2 Stroke Quiz
_______
Lets start with the names of the
parts
11/2001
2 Stoke Engines part
names
Still uses a flywheel
Cylinder
Combustion
(not shown)
Exhaust port
chamber
Crankcase
Reed valve
Piston
Connecting
Intake port
Rod
Transfer port
11/2001
Crankshaft
2 Stroke Engines
Turn your page over and lets start with the strok
11/2001
Intake/________ Stroke
TDC
BDC
Reed Valve
Is sucked
open
Piston moves from
BDC to TDC
Air/Fuel/Oil mixture is sucked into crankcase
11/2001
6
Compare intake strokes
Two Stroke
Piston BDC to TDC
A/F/O mixture
sucked into
crankcase
11/2001
Four Stroke
Piston TDC to BDC
A/F mixture
sucked into
cylinder
Down to bottom of page
TDC
BDC
Reed Valve
Shuts
Piston gets to
TDC
Air/Fuel/Oil mixture is now trapped in crankcase
11/2001
8
Crankcase compression
(primary
compression)
TDC
BDC
Reed Valve
sealing
Piston moves back
To BDC
Air/Fuel/Oil mixture is now pressurized in crankca
11/2001
9
Crankcase compression
Is only a few pounds of pressure per
square inch (psi) [very weak]
Cylinder compression in a four
stroke engine was several psi [very
strong]
The crankcase in a two stroke
engine has to be very small so we
can build some pressure when the
piston is moving to BDC
11/2001
10
What is going to happen
when the top of piston
gets to here?
Crankcase
Compression
11/2001
11
A/F/O mixture squirts into
cylinder because of crankcase
compression
11/2001
12
Piston reaches BDC
Cylinder fills with
A/F/O mixture
11/2001
13
Compression
Intake/________
Stroke
Another A/F/O mixture is sucked into crankcase while
First one is compressed in cylinder
11/2001
14
Down to bottom of page
TDC
BDC
Piston is pounded
Down the cylinder
Piston gets to
TDC
Air/Fuel/Oil mixture is ignited in cylinder
11/2001
15
Blow-by adds to crankcase
compression
Crankcase
Compression
What is going to happen when the piston gets her
11/2001
16
Power/Exhaust Stroke
(TDC-
BDC)
TDC
BDC
Still closed
Exhaust port is uncovered and exhaust starts leav
11/2001
17
Whats going to happen
when the piston gets back
OK,
I
get
to TDC
it !
ANOTHER
POWER
STROKE
11/2001
18
Every time the
piston reaches TDC,
there is another
power stroke !
11/2001
19
Lets make a chart
Stroke
Piston
A/F/O Mixture
Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase
11/2001
20
Lets make a chart
Stroke
Piston
A/F/O Mixture
Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase
11/2001
21
Lets make a chart
Stroke
Piston
A/F/O Mixture
Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase
11/2001
22
Lets make a chart
Stroke
Piston
A/F/O Mixture
Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase
11/2001
23
Lets make a chart
Stroke
Piston
A/F/O Mixture
Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase
11/2001
24
Lets make a chart
Stroke
Piston
A/F/O Mixture
Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase
11/2001
25
Lets make a chart
Stroke
Piston
A/F/O Mixture
Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase
11/2001
26
Lets make a chart
Stroke
Piston
A/F/O Mixture
Intake/Compression BTC-TDC Sucked into crankcase, another squeezed in cylinder
Power/Exhaust
TDC-BDC Blows-up and leaves, another squeezed in crankcase
11/2001
27
Reed valve on the side of
crankcase
11/2001
28
11/2001
29
11/2001
30
11/2001
31
11/2001
32
Tuned Exhaust
11/2001
33
Tuned Exhaust
11/2001
34
Tuned Exhaust
11/2001
35
Tuned Exhaust
11/2001
36
Power stroke every
revolution
11/2001
37
Lets watch CDX Disk 4-1
Look for two stroke with no reed valve
11/2001
38
11/2001
39
Oil mixing
Pre-mix
Have to mix
before filling tank
Oil injection
Has separate fuel
and oil tank and
carburetor to mix
proper amounts
11/2001
40
Advantages
2 Stroke
Smaller/lighter
Cheaper
Less friction
No oil to change
Quicker
acceleration
Operate at
different angles
11/2001
4 Stroke
More efficient
No oil to mix
Less emissions
Less exhaust
smoke
More low RPM
power
41
Fuel to Oil mixtures
16 to 1 25 to 1 32 to 1
40 to 1 50 to 1 75 to 1
100 to
1
Look in owners manual for exact ratio for your engin
11/2001
42
32 to 1 Mix
5
gals
Think
X
.
128
.
32 parts640
of gasoline
to
part of oil
20
How
oz
ozs
ofam
of
oil1fuel
Ifor
ozs
Think
would
. give
. of oil
32 ounces
of
gas
to
1
ounce
going
divided
640 oz
toof
by
figure
fuel
32 .
32 pints ofme
Think
. .1 pint
. 640
. of
. oil
gas
to
or
this
5
gallons
.
.
out?
.
32 quarts
of
gas to
quart
of oil
Think
ozs
of
. 1. fuel
Think
5 gallon gas can = How many ounces
of oil
1 pint
= 16 oz
2 pints = 1 qt
1 quart = 32 oz
4 quarts in a gal
32 X 4 = 128
1 gal = 128 oz
11/2001
128
X 5
640
20
32 640
64
43
Fuel to Oil mixtures
16 to 1 25 to 1 32 to 1
40 to 1 50 to 1 75 to 1
100 to
1
You figure it out
Lets say we are going snowmobiling for the
Weekend and you have 1 quart of two stroke
11/2001
44
How many gallons of fuel
will be needed to mix with
1 pint = 16 oz
of oil with a 50
2 one
pints = 1quart
qt
1 quart = 32 oz
to 1in aratio
4 quarts
gal
32 X 4 = 128
1 gal = 128 oz
11/2001
45
There is always more than
one way to figure
something out
11/2001
46
Here is how I figured it out
32 oz times 50 = 1600
I will need 1600 oz of fuel for 32 oz
of oil with a 50 to 1 ratio
Since there are 128 oz in a gallon,
divide 1600 by 128
1 pint = 16 oz
2 pints = 1 qt
1 quart = 32 oz
4 quarts in a gal
32 X 4 = 128
1 gal = 128 oz
11/2001
47
Mixing oil is critical
e
u
If you forget to add oil for one tank of
gas, you will destroy your engine
If you mix too much oil with the gas
g
t
n
Your engine will smokeo
a lot
d
It will be hard to ,
start
epower
It will have less
r
u
It might
foul
the spark plug (not start)
s
a
If you
dont mix enough oil with the
e
Mgas
You will cause lots of engine wear
11/2001
48
s
s
Two stroke piston
Notice the piston skirt scars
(lack of oil)
Notice the 2 ring
lands
(only have compression
Notice the
ring pins
rings)
(prevents rings from
rotating
And catching on cylinder
ports)
11/2001
49
How to identify from
outside
Two stroke
Exhaust port in
center of cylinder
Small crankcase
11/2001
Four stroke
Exhaust port in
end of cylinder
Large crankcase
50
Good uses of two stroke
engines
Because it is light, can be used at
any angle, operates at high RPM
Weed eaters
Chain saws
Boats
Snowmobiles
Dirt bikes
11/2001
51
Usually dont see 2 strokes
in
Because of pollution, efficiency,
lack of low RPM power, and
convenience of not mixing oil
Cars
Trucks
Road bikes
Lawn mowers
Generators
11/2001
52
Multiple cylinder two
strokes
The crankcase below each piston
has to be sealed to create
crankcase compression for that
cylinder
11/2001
53
Two stroke engine
questions?
11/2001
54
