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Individual Differences

The document discusses individual differences in human behavior. It notes that human behavior is complex and influenced by many factors, including personality, age, thinking, and the environment. Behavior varies between individuals (interindividual) and within individuals over time (intraindividual). Behavior is also influenced by individual variables like age, sex, and personality as well as situational variables like job and organizational characteristics. Understanding these differences helps managers motivate and lead employees effectively by treating them according to their unique needs and situations.

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765 views13 pages

Individual Differences

The document discusses individual differences in human behavior. It notes that human behavior is complex and influenced by many factors, including personality, age, thinking, and the environment. Behavior varies between individuals (interindividual) and within individuals over time (intraindividual). Behavior is also influenced by individual variables like age, sex, and personality as well as situational variables like job and organizational characteristics. Understanding these differences helps managers motivate and lead employees effectively by treating them according to their unique needs and situations.

Uploaded by

Aditya
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES

 NATURE OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR IS


COMPLEX.
IT SHOULD BE STUDIED BY TAKING A
TOTAL MAN CONCEPT.
THIS CONCEPT IS A COMBINATION OF
ALL FACTORS(PERSONALITY,THINKING,AGE
ETC) AFFECTING HUMAN BEHAVIOUR.
TAKING CONSIDERATION TO BOTH
INDIVIDUAL AS WELL AS ENVIRONMENT
VARIABLE,THERE CAN BE:
INTRAINDIVIDUAL(CHANGE IN
BEHAVIOUR IN INDIVIDUAL OVER TIME)
 INTERINDIVIDUAL(CHANGE IN
BEHAVIOUR DUE TO SAME SET OF
STIMULI.)
 STIMULI IS AN AGENT SUCH AS
HEAT,LIGHT,PIECE OF INFORMATION
ETC..
NATURE OF INDIVIDUAL
BEHAVIOUR
WITH RESPECT TO WORK ,PEOPLE DIFFER IN THE
FOLLOWING RESPECTS :
1. TYPE OF COMPENSATION PLAN THEY WANT
OR DESIRE.
2. THEY ATTACH TO INTRINSIC REWARD TO
THE JOB.
3. DIFFER IN THE STYLE OF SUPERVISION.
4. DIFFER IN THEIR TOLERANCE FOR STRESS
AND AMBIGUITY.
5. DIFFER IN THEIR SCHEDULE OF WORK HOUR.
FACTORS CAUSING
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR
INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOUR IS CAUSED
BY:

1. INDIVIDUAL VARIABLES
2. SITUATIONAL VARIABLES
INDIVIDUAL VARIABLES
PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL
VARIABLES VARIABLES

 AGE  PERSONALITY
 SEX  PERCEPTION
 PHYSICAL FEATURE  LEARNING
 ATTITUDE AND
VALUES
 MOTIVATION
 EMOTIONAL
INTELLIGENCE
SITUATIONAL VARIABLES
ORGANISATIONAL JOB VARIABLES
VARIABLES
 ORGAISATION
 NATURE OF JOB
STRUCTURE
 WORK
 ORGANISATION
ENVIRONMENT
PROCESSES
 ORGANISATION
CULTURE
IMPLICATIONS OF
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
IF WE UNDERSTAND THE INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES,IT HELPS US IN TAKING BEST OUT OF
THEM BY MOTIVATING AND LEADING THEM
ACCORDINLY
IT IS ALMOST IMPOSSIBLE TO DEVELOP ONE
THEORYABOUT THE NATURE OF MAN,FIT EVERY ONE
INTO IT,AND DEVELOP AN APPROACH TO
MANAGEMENT TO ENSURE ABSOLUTE RESULT AT ALL
TIMES.
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES MEANS THAT
MANAGEMENT CAN ACNIEVE THE DESIRED
BEHAVIOUR FROM INDIVIDUALS BY TREATING THEM
DIFFERENTLY.
MODELS OF MAN
SCHEIN HAS IDENTIFIED FOUR MODELS OF
MAN:
1. RATIONAL-ECONOMIC MAN
2. SOCIAL MAN
3. SELF -ACTUALISING MAN
4. COMPLEX MAN

WHYTE ALSO ADDED ONE MORE MODEL i.e


5.ORGANISATIONAL MAN
RATIONAL-ECONOMIC
MAN
 IT IS THE OLDEST CONCEPT
 BASED ON DOCTRINE OF
MAXIMISING OF SELF CONTROL
 TWO ELEMENTS IN THIS ARE:
1. MAN IS ABLE TO CALCULATE THE
INDUCEMENT WHICH HE RECEIVES
FROM HIS EFFORT.
2. HE IS ABLE TO EVALUATE ALL THE
ALTERNATIVE.
SOCIAL MAN

ITS BASED ON THE DOCTRINE THAT


MAN BEING PART OF THE
SOCIETY,IS INFLUENCED BY SOCIAL
FORCES AND SEEKS SATISFACTION
OF THOSE NEEDS WHICH ARE IN
TUNE WITH MAINTAINING HIS
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP.
ORGANISATION MAN
IT IS AN EXTENSION OF SOCIAL MAN. IT
BELIEVES THAT THE VALUE OF LOYALTY
TO THE ORGANISATION AND
COOPERATION WITH FELLOW WORKERS
IS IMPORTANT FOR MAN.THIS CONCEPT
IS BASED ON THE IDEA OF SACRIFICING
INDIVIDUALITY FOR THE SAKE OF THE
GROUP AND THE ORGANISATION.
SELF-ACTUALISING MAN
IT IS FURTHER EXTENSION OF SOCIAL
AND ORGANISATION MAN.THIS CONCEPT
SAYS THAT INDIVIDUAL USE HIS
CAPABILITIES AND SKILLS IN SUCH A WAY
THAT HE SHOULD FEEL TO DEVELOP A
SENSE OF CREATING CERTAIN
THINGS.THUS THERE IS A CONFLICT
BETWEEN SELF-ACTUALISING AND
FORMAL ORGANISATION.
COMPLEX MAN
IT PRESENTS THE REAL PICTURE OF HUMAN
BEHAVIOUR.
THIS CONCEPT SAYS THAT:
FIRSTLY, THERE IS NO ACTION WHICH A
MANAGER CAN BE APPLIED TO SAME
SITUATION.
SECONDLY,HE SHOULD DIFFERENTIATE PEOPLE
ON THE BASIS OF VARIOUS FACTORS AND
MUST ADOPT ACTION WHICH MAY AFFECT
DIFFERENT PEOPLE.

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