Computer Aided Design and
Computer Aided Manufacturing
Introduction to CAD/CAM
Pankaj Chhabra
CAD/CAM
IE433-CAD/CAM
CAD/CAM = Computer Aided Design and
Computer Aided Manufacturing. It is the
technology concerned with the use of
computers to perform design and
manufacturing functions.
Pankaj Chhabra
CAD/CAM
CAD can be defined as the use of computer
systems to perform certain functions in the
design process.
CAM is the use of computer systems to
plan, manage and control the operations of
manufacturing plant through either direct or
indirect computer interface with the plants
production resources.
Pankaj Chhabra
CAD/CAM
From CAM definition, the application of
CAM falls into two broad categories:
1. Computer monitoring and control .
Computer
Computer
Process
data
Process data
Process
Process
Control signals
Pankaj Chhabra
CAD/CAM
2. Manufacturing support application .
Process data
Computer
Control signals
Pankaj Chhabra
Mfg
operations
CAD/CAM
History of CAD/CAM
4 major phases of development
1950s: Start of interactive computer graphics,
CRT (Cathode Ray Tube), NC (Numerical Control),
APT (Automatically Programmed Tools)
1960s: Critical research period for interactive
computer graphics
Sketchpad by Ivan Sutherland, CAD
Lockheed initiated CADAM,
Storage tube-based turnkey system
Pankaj Chhabra
CAD/CAM
History of CAD/CAM . . .
1970s: Potential of interactive computer
graphics was realized by industry,
SIGGRAPH, NCGA, IGES,
Golden era for computer drafting,
Wireframe modeling
1980s: CAD/CAM heady years of research,
Integration, Solid modeling
1990s: CIM, EDB, PDM, CALS, VR
Pankaj Chhabra
CAD/CAM
1.3 CAD/CAM Market Trends
Microcomputers
and
engineering
workstations (EWS).
Traditional turnkey systems.
The key factor to the future success of
CAD/CAM is the development of versatile
tools for design and manufacturing
applications
Pankaj Chhabra
CAD/CAM
Pankaj Chhabra
CAD/CAM
CAD/CAM
market by
end-user industry
Pankaj Chhabra
CAD/CAM
Pankaj Chhabra
CAD/CAM
CAD/CAM
market by
application type
Pankaj Chhabra
CAD/CAM
The Product Cycle and
CAD/CAM
In order to establish the scope and definition
of CAD/CAM in an engineering environment
and identify existing and future related tools,
a study of a typical product cycle is
necessary. The following Figure shows a
flowchart of such a cycle.
Pankaj Chhabra
13
CAD/CAM
Typical Product Life Cycle
Design
definitions,
specifications,
and requirements
Design
needs
Analysis
Design
documentation and
communication
Collecting
relevant design
information and
feasibility study
Synthesis
The CAD Process
Design
evaluation
Production
planning
Process
planning
The Design Process
Design and
procurement of
new tools
Order
materials
Design
optimization
Design
analysis
Design
modeling and
simulation
Design
conceptualization
The Manufacturing Process
The CAM Process
Production
Quality
control
Packaging
Shipping
NC, CNC, DNC
programming
Marketing
Pankaj Chhabra
14
CAD/CAM
The product begins with a need which is identified
based on customers' and markets' demands.
The product goes through two main processes from
the idea conceptualization to the finished product:
1. The design process.
2. The manufacturing process.
The main sub-processes that constitute the design process
are:
3. Synthesis.
4. Analysis.
Pankaj Chhabra
15
CAD/CAM
Implementation of a Typical CAD Process on
a CAD/CAM system
Design changes
Delineation of
Design and
geometric model
Analysis algorithms
Definition
translator
Geometric model
Interface
algorithms
Pankaj Chhabra
Drafting and
detailing
Documentation
To CAM Process
16
CAD/CAM
CAD Tools Required to Support the Design Process
Design phase
Design conceptualization
Required CAD tools
Geometric modeling techniques;
Graphics aids; manipulations; and
visualization
Design modeling and simulation Same as above; animation; assemblies;
special modeling packages.
Design analysis
Analysis packages; customized
programs and packages.
Design optimization
Customized applications; structural
optimization.
Design evaluation
Dimensioning; tolerances; BOM; NC.
Design communication and
documentation
Drafting and detailing
Pankaj Chhabra
17
CAD/CAM
Implementation of a Typical CAM Process on
a CAD/CAM system
Geometric model
Inspection
Interface
algorithms
Assembly
Process planning
Packaging
NC programs
To shipping and marketing
Pankaj Chhabra
18
CAD/CAM
CAM Tools Required to Support the Design Process
Manufacturing phase
Required CAM tools
Process planning
CAPP techniques; cost
analysis; material and
tooling specification.
Part programming
NC programming
Inspection
CAQ; and Inspection
software
Robotics simulation and
programming
Assembly
Pankaj Chhabra
19
CAD/CAM
Definitions of CAD Tools Based on Their
Constituents
Computer
graphics
concepts
CAD
tools
Design tools
Pankaj Chhabra
Geometric
modeling
20
CAD/CAM
Definition of CAD Tools Based on Their Implementation
in a Design Environment
Design tools + Computer
Hardware
(control unit; display
terminals;
I/O devices
= CAD tools
Software (graphics;
modeling; applications
programs
Pankaj Chhabra
21
CAD/CAM
Definitions of CAM Tools Based on Their
Constituents
Networking
concepts
CAM
tools
Mfg tools
Pankaj Chhabra
CAD
22
CAD/CAM
Definition of CAM Tools Based on Their Implementation
in a Manufacturing Environment
Hardware
(control unit; display
terminals;
I/O devices
Mfg tools + Computer
Software (CAD; NC;
MRP; CAPP)
= CAM tools
Networking
Pankaj Chhabra
23
CAD/CAM
Definitions of CAD/CAM Tools Based on
Their Constituents
Mfg tools
Design tools
CAD/CAM
Geometric
tools
Networking
modeling
Computer
graphics
concepts
Pankaj Chhabra
24
CAD/CAM
Definition of CAD/CAM Tools Based on Their
Implementation in an Engineering Environment
Hardware
Design and + Computer
Mfg tools
Software
= CAD/CAM tools
Networking
Pankaj Chhabra
25
CAD/CAM
Typical Utilization of CAD/CAM Systems in an Industrial Environmen
Geometric modeling and graphics package
Process planning
Geometric modeling
of conceptual design
Is design evaluation
Possible with available
Standard software?
Design
package
No
Yes
Are there
manufacturing
discrepancies in CAD
databases?
Yes
Design testing
And evaluation
No
CAPP package
Is final design
Applicable?
Yes
Drafting
Documentation
Pankaj Chhabra
Develop customized
programs and
packages
Programming
package
No
NC
programming
NC
package
Machining
Inspection
Assembly
26
Inspection
And Robotics
package
CAD/CAM
Advantages of CAD/CAM
systems
Greater flexibility.
Reduced lead times.
Reduced inventories.
Increased Productivity.
Improved customer
service.
Improved quality.
Improved communications
with suppliers.
Pankaj Chhabra
Better product design.
Greater manufacturing
control.
Supported integration.
Reduced costs.
Increased utilization.
Reduction of machine
tools.
Less floor space.
27
CAD/CAM
Disadvantages of CAD / CAM
Can be very expensive to set up. A single industrial robot can
cost millions
It can take a long time to train people to use more complex
equipment.
Little need for poorly qualified workers.
Fewer people are needed, and this can result in higher
unemployment
Pankaj Chhabra
28
CAD/CAM
