EIGRP
Agenda
EIGRP Cisco proprietary routing protocol
Key features
Neighbor and topology tables
Feasible Distance & Successor Routes
EIGRP packet types
Setting up EIGRP
Enhanced Interior Gateway Protocol
Released in 1994 as successor to IGRP
Compatible with IGRP
Hybrid routing protocol with best of distance vector & link-state
algorithms
Uses partial updates and neighbour discovery
Like OSPF but easier to configure
Good for large multiprotocol networks that primarily use Cisco
routers
EIGRP
Offers multiprotocol operation (IP, IPX etc)
EIGRP multiplies IGRP metric by 256
Uses 32-bit metric c.f. IGRP 24-bit metric
Metric = bandwidth/ delay
EIGRP BW = (107/ BW) x 256
EIGRP delay = (delay/10) x 256
Max hop = 224
c.f.
IGRP 256
EIGRP key features
EIGRP automatically shares routing information with IGRP
and vice versa
EIGRP tags routes from other protocols as external
Rapid convergence from Diffused Updating Algorithm (DUAL)
Guaranteed no loops all routers running EIGRP update at
the same time if change occurs
Efficient use of BW partial incremental updates only
Sent only to routers that need information not all routers
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Good use of Network Bandwidth
Partial bounded updates, unlike OSPF
No timed routing updates
RIP = 30s; IGRP = 90s full routing tables
EIGRP uses small hello packets
Unreliable no acknowledgements
Supports VLSM & CIDR unlike IGRP
Uses PDMs to support IP, IPX, Appletalk
EIGRP Router Tables
Neighbour table lists adjacent routers
One neighbour table per supported protocol
Similar to OSPF adjacency database
Holds neighbour address and interface data
Hold time = time to wait before considering neighbour to be down =
3 x hello interval
Multicast to 224.0.0.10
Smooth Round Trip Timer SRTT
Neighbour Table Contents
Queue Count (Q Cnt) = number of packets waiting in queue to be
delivered
If Q Cnt > 0 means possible congestion problem
Sequence number (Seq No) to keep track of neighbours
transmissions (not hellos)
Supports reliable, sequenced delivery of packets (like TCP) but using
Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP)
Comparison
IGRP
EIGRP
Classful Routing Protocol
Classless Routing Protocol
VLSM, CIDR
bandwidth = (10,000,000/bandwidth
kbps)
delay
= delay/10
24 bit metric for bandwidth and delay
bandwidth = (10,000,000/bandwidth
kbps) * 256
delay
= (delay/10) * 256
32 bit metric for bandwidth and delay
Maximum Hop Count = 255
Maximum Hop Count = 224
No differentiation between internal
and external routes.
Outside routes (redistributed) are
tagged as external routes.
Automatic redistribution between IGRP and EIGRP as long as AS numbers
are the same.
Neighbour Table
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Topology Table
Made up of all EIGRP routing tables in AS
DUAL takes data from neighbour and topology tables to calculate
lowest cost routes
Allows EIGRP to identify & switch to alternative routes quickly
Primary (successor) route placed in topology table
Also keeps a backup route if available
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In Topology Table are
Feasible Distance (FD) lowest calculated metric to each
destination
Route Source identifies number of router that identified the route
originally
Reported distance (RD) distance an adjacent router reports to a
specific destination
FDRD
(2195458/281400)
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Also in Topology table.
Interface information identifies the routers interface to reach a
given destination
Route status Passive (P) for a stable route
Active (A) if DUAL is recalculating route
Successor is primary route to destination
Feasible successor is placed below successor as a backup route to
be used when topology changes (saves total recalculation of routing)
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Successor Routes
Appear in Topology and Routing table
Can be up to 4 successor routes to a destination
Can be of equal or unequal cost
FS identified at same time as successors
Only kept in Topology table
Not mandatory to have FS
If successor route goes down, lowest FS chosen
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Identifying Routes
If no FS, router places Active status on a route
Sends Query packets to all neighbours
Neighbours reply with successor or no successor
Passive status placed on route if positive reply
DUAL always tries to identify a FS in case of problems saves
querying neighbours and recalculations
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Neighbour Discovery and Rediscovery
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Reliable Transport Protocol
RTP guarantees ordered delivery of routing packets using sequence
numbers
EIGRP is protocol independent doesnt need IP
RTP used to multicast and unicast packets
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EIGRP Packet Types
Hello sent on 1.544 Mbps or less every 60s
Acknowledgement = data-less hello packet
Update sent to newly discovered neighbour
Query multicast or unicast
Reply response to a query
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Autonomous System Number
An Autonomous System (AS) is a set of networks and routers under
the control of one body
This system has a common routing policy as presented to the
Internet
ASs are given unique numbers between 1 and 65535
See RFC 1930
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Setting up EIGRP
Needs Autonomous System Number
Router(config)#routereigrp123
Router(configrouter)#net192.168.1.10.0.0.3
Router(configrouter)#net22.22.22.00.0.0.255
Router(configrouter)#exit
Uses Wildcard Mask
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Verifying EIGRP
Router#showipprotocols
This shows the routing protocol in use and other useful
information too
Router#shipeigrp?
interfacesIPEIGRPinterfaces
neighborsIPEIGRPneighbors
topologyIPEIGRPTopologyTable
trafficIPEIGRPTrafficStatistics
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Router#sh ip pro
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 123 "
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
Default networks accepted from incoming updates
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: eigrp 123
Automatic network summarization is in effect
Automatic address summarization:
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
192.168.1.0/30
22.22.22.0/24
192.168.1.12/30
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway
Distance
Last Update
192.168.1.1 90
864844
192.168.1.13 90
4096070
Distance: internal 90 external 170
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Debugging EIGRP
Router#debugeigrp?
fsmEIGRPDualFiniteStateMachine
events/actions
packetsEIGRPpackets
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Debug output
Router#debugeigrppa
EIGRPPacketsdebuggingison
(UPDATE,REQUEST,QUERY,REPLY,HELLO,ACK)
Router#
EIGRP:ReceivedHELLOonSerial0/0/0nbr192.168.1.2
AS123,Flags0x0,Seq26/0idbQ0/0
EIGRP:ReceivedHELLOonSerial0/0/1nbr192.168.1.6
AS123,Flags0x0,Seq20/0idbQ0/0
EIGRP:SendingHELLOonFastEthernet0/0
AS123,Flags0x0,Seq22/0idbQ0/0iidbQun/rely0/0
EIGRP:SendingHELLOonSerial0/0/1
AS123,Flags0x0,Seq22/0idbQ0/0iidbQun/rely0/0
Remember to turn of debugging when you have finished
undebugall will turn off all debugging processes
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Summary
EIGRP similar to OSPF Has neighbour table
Sends hello packets
Has topology table (1 for each protocol)
Uses DUAL on Neighbour & Topology tables
Elects successors and feasible successors (FS)
FS used in times of trouble fast selection
Verification and debug commands
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