Program
Development
ZUHAIRA U. EBRAHIM
What is a Program?
A group of projects managed in a coordinated way to
obtain benefits
A portfolio comprised of multiple projects that are
managed and coordinated as one unit with the
objective of achieving outcomes and benefits for the
organization.
Program Development
On-going, continuous, comprehensive planning
process used to establish projects
It is a road map, an action plan that provides the
guidance needed to develop and build effective
community programs
Project
Temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product,
service or result (PMI BoK 3.0)
Any activity that involves the use of one or more scarce
resources during a specific time period for the purpose of
producing a socioeconomic return in the form of goods and
services. (NEDA, PD Manual 1984)
Any undertaking that has a definite, final objectives
representing specified values to be used in the satisfaction of
some need or desire (Ralph Currier Davis)
Project Management
It is the planning, monitoring and control of all of all those
involved in it aspects of a project and the motivation to achieve
the project objectives on time and to the specified cost, quality
and performance
(PMI BoK): Application of knowledge, skills, tools & techniques
to project activities to meet or exceed stakeholder needs &
expectations from a defined project balancing the following:
Scope, time, cost, and quality
Stakeholders expectations
Requirements (needs) vs. unidentified requirements (expectations)
Program Development Process
Planning
Evaluation
Implementatio
n
Monitoring
Monitoring &
Evaluation
Monitoring &
Evaluation
Project
Identification
Project
Planning
Project
Implementation
Monitoring &
Evaluation
Planning
The planning process provides the foundation for sound
decision-making in setting program priorities and using resources
It involves gathering, analyzing and interpreting data;
identifying needs, concerns and assets
A strategy that involves identifying goals and objectives,
conducting needs assessment to analyze the situation, setting
priorities based upon the identified needs, identifying
stakeholders and resources,designing an action plan,
implementing the plan, and assessing the level ofachievement.
Planning Steps
Conduct
Needs
Assessment
Program
Revision
Develop
Vision, Goals,
Objectives
Conduct
Evaluation
Identify
Resources
Assign
Leadership
Tasks
Identify
Funding
Sources
Implementati
on Linkages
and
Collaboration
s
Conduct Needs Assessment
Tasks:
Describe your target audience, identified problem, program planningprocess
and need for your agency to address the problem.
Key Players Responsible:
Program planner
Products:
Worksheets: Questions to Include inyour Questionnaire; Collecting Data on
Existing Organizations/ Assessment Tool
Conduct Needs Assessment
Assessment is an essential part of the planning process when designing
successful programs
Provides program planners with the information needed to prioritize goals
according to identified needs
The needs assessment determines:
What needs exist in the community?
Who needs the services (group)?
How the user community is changing?
Develop Vision, Mission, Goals,
Objectives
The Vision
Planning starts with a vision
A vision is a mental image produced by the imagination to others
The art of seeing things invisible to others Jonatahan Swift
The Mission (What and Why)
The culminating strategic point of all organizational activity and the
most general strategic choice that must be made by the managers
Describeswhatthe group is going to do, andwhyit's going to do that
Develop Vision, Mission, Goals,
Objectives
Goals
The basic component of measuring progress in attaining objectives in an
organization
Describe how the program will affect the target
Tasks:
Develop goals that accurately reflect potential solutions to the problems found
during the needs assessment. Establish realistic goals that describe how the
program will affect the target population.
Key Players:
Program Planner
Develop Vision, Mission, Goals,
Objectives
Objectives
Organizational performance criteria to be achieved and measured in the
utilization of organizational resources
Specific measurable results for the initiative's broad goals.
Objectives generally lay out how much of what will be accomplished by
when.
Should always be SMART
Other Planning Steps and
Considerations
Planning Steps
Planning Considerations
Identify Resources
What resources does the program need to achieve
its goals?
Assign Leadership
Tasks
Who will be responsible for each part of the
program?
How will the program be led and coordinated?
Implementation
Linkages and
Collaborations
What relationship do you need to establish with
other social service agencies, community
organizations, and faith-based organizations? What
procedures will keep the program on track?
Identify Funding
Sources
Where will the budget come from?
Conduct Evaluation
How can you determine whether you have met your
goals and objectives?
Project Planning
Deals with the determination of what activities and what resources have to
be utilized to ensure that the project is adequately executed
Define Scope of Project
Develop budget based on scope of project
Develop schedule (based on scope, budget, resources and targets set by
project clients)
Implementation
Project Execution
Phase where vision and plans become reality
Carrying out activities described in the work plan
This is the logical conclusion after evaluating, deciding, visioning, planning,
applying for funds and finding financial resources of a project
Objectives of Implementation
The objectives of the implementation phase can be summarized as follow:
Putting the action plan into operation (PHILIP et al.2008)
Achieving tangible change and improvements (PHILIP et al. 2008)
Ensuring that new infrastructure, new institutions and new resources are
sustainable in every aspect (MORIARTY et al. 2007)
Ensuring transparency with regards to finances (MORIARTY et al. 2007)
How to Get Started
The basic requirement for starting the implementation process is to have
the work plan ready and understood by all the actors involved
Other actions need to be taken before work can begin to implement:
Scheduling activities and identifying bottlenecks
Communicating with the members of the team and ensuring all the roles and
responsibilities are distributed and understood
Providing for project management tools to coordinate the process
Ensuring that the financial resources are available and distributed accordingly
Phases and Stages
Identification
Situational
Analysis Stage
Project
Project
Framework
Planning Phase
Design Stage
Feasibility Study
Preparation
Implementation
Phase
Evaluation Phase
Project
Implementation
Plan
Appraisal and
Negotiation
Stage
Project Appraisal
Project
Negotiation
Project
Phases and Stages
Planning Phase
Start Up Stage
Project Initiation
and Mobilization
Implementation
Phase
Implementation
Stage
Monitoring,
Evaluation,
Adjustment
Completion Stage
Handover and
Administrative
Closure
Evaluation Phase
ou fail to plan, you plan to
Reference
A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, PMI, Third Edition
Field Guide to Project Management David I. Cleland
Development Academy of the Philippines Handouts on Program Management
http://
www.independent-consulting-bootcamp.com/difference-between-a-project-and
-a-program.html
https://www.scribd.com/doc/4398223/Program-Development
http://
ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/structure/strategic-planning/vmosa/main
http://www.sswm.info
