Multivariable Functions
Subtopic Cover:
Functions of two or more variables.
Limits
Continuity
Partial Derivatives
Total Differential
The Chain Rule
Implicit Differentiation
Local Extrema
Absolute Extrema
Multivariable Functions
Multivariable functions is the function that
have more than one independent variable.
Example:
Function with Two Variables
Suppose
is a set of order pair of real
numbers, . A function with 2 independent
variables and denotes as . The set is the
functions domain. The set of -values that
associates with the numbers in D is the
functions in functions range.
Example:
For Find , domain and range of .
Solution:
For , defined for any values, but defined only
for . ()
Since and , implies the range of is the()
Exercise
1. Given the , Find the , . Domain and range of the
2.
3.
4.
functions.
Given
a. Evaluate
b. Describe the domain and the range of f.
Given
a. Describe and sketch the domain.
b. Determine the range. Write down at least three
possible values of
Find the domain and range of the following
functions.
a.
b.
Graphs Of Functions Of Two Variables
Graphs Of Functions Of Two Variables
Graphs Of Functions Of Two Variables
The three coordinate planes meet at origin (0,
0, 0).
Points on the x-axis (x,0,0).
Points on the y-axis (0,y,0)
Points on the z-axis (0,0,z)
Figure pg 16 (Yudariah et. al.)
Example 1.6 Points in 3-D
Graph the following ordered triplets:
(a) (10,20,10)
(b) (-12, 6, 12)
(c) (-12,-18,-6)
(d) (20,-10,18)
10
(pg 17 Ydriah)
Sketching Graphs of Two Variable
Functions
Two ways to picture the values of a function
A contour plot, or a two-dimensional picture of
the level curves of the surface, which have
equations of the form where k is a constant.
The graph of the function, which is the set of
points in three-dimensional space satisfying
11
Graphing Functions of Two Variables
Two
variables function graph give a surface of
its domain is in -plane.
The value of is the distance from plane to
axis.
Step to scratch the graph of :
1.
2.
12
Draw the level curves in the domain where
has a value
Sketch the surface in space.
Definition
The
set of points in the plane where are
constants is called the level curve.
The set of level curve is called contour
curve.
The surface is the set of all points in space.
13
Level Curves
Focus
of Attention
What is a level curve of
How do you generate a family of level curves
or contour plot?
How do the level curves help you to visualize
the shape of the surface?
14
Relationship between Graphs of Surfaces
and Level Curves
15
Relationship between Graphs of Surfaces
and Level Curves
is a function the level curve for k is the
If
set of points in the plane such that
To find the level curve for , we solve identify
the equation of the curve and then sketch the
curve in the xy-plane.
Level curves graphs in 2-space.
16
Relationship between Graphs of Surfaces
and Level Curves
17
Contour
plot
Illustration
Sketching
level curves and contour plot:
Range of function determine the values on
the constant
Level curves traces of in horizontal planes
projected onto the -plane.
Contour plot family of level curves.
18
Example 1.8
(pg 19 Yudariah)
Sketch
the contour plot of using level curves
at
19
Solution example 1.8
20
Example 1.10
(pg 21 Yud)
Sketch
the contour plot of using level curves
at
21
Solution example 1.10
22
Example
A function is defined as with domain .
Show the level curve at and . Then sketch the graph of
Solution:
Let
Which is
As (a circle with radius )
(a circle with radius )
(a circle with radius )
(a circle with radius )
23
24
The Contour Curve
25
Important Facts
Level
curves have equations of the form
The graphs of level curves for are curves in
the plane (2-space)
The graph of is a surface in 3-space.
29
Function with Three Variables
Function
of three variables is a rule that maps
the dependent variables to the independent
variable
The domain is the set of numbers that is
mapped to the independent variable and the
range consists of the output values for
Example for the function with 3 variables
30
Example 1.22
(pg 52, Yud)
Let .
(a) Evaluate
(b) Determine the domain and range
31
Solution Example 1.22
(a)
The value
(b) Domain: set of for for all
32
points in space.
Example 1.5
Given
33
(pg 8 muz)
. Find The domain and the range.
Solution Example 1.5
For the values of and can be any values and
the values of is defined for Hence,
The values of can be any numbers, hence the
range of
34
Example 1.6
Given Find
Find also the domain and range.
35
Solution Example 1.6
For the values of and can be any values.
Hence
The values of are nonnegative, and the
values of sine function is between 1 and -1.
Hence
36
Level surface of Three Variables
Functions
Level
surface, is the set of points where
and is a constant value.
The values can be set by ourselves, such that
, it will get 3 level surface with shape of the
surface same like each others but with
differ size.
37
Step to get Level Surface
Step
1: Let the such that is a constant.
Step 2: Use the idea of sketch the graph for
function with two variable, such that
38
Example 1.7:
pg 10.muz
Describe the level surface of for .
39
Solution Example 1.7:
Solution:
The level of surface are the graph of
When
[Note: is the sphere equation, is radius]
40
pg 10.muz
Solution Example 1.7:
Sphere with radius 0
Sphere with radius 2
Sphere with radius 0
41
pg 10.muz
42
Example 1.8
Given
a function,
Sketch the level surfaces of for
43
pg 11.muz
Solution Example 1.8
The
level surfaces of the graphs
or
When
; a cone vertex
; a cone vertex
; a cone vertex
44
Solution Example 1.8
45
