THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The male reproductive system consists of a number
of sex organs that play a role in the process of
human reproduction .
These organs are located on the outside of the body
and within the pelvis.
The main male sex organs are the penis and the
testicles which produce semen and sperm.
PENIS
It has a long shaft and an enlarged bulbousshaped tip called the glans penis, which supports
and is protected by the foreskin.
Penis endures erection it is sexually aroused
Erection occurs because sinuses within the
erectile tissue of the penis become filled with
blood
SCROTUM
Sac of skin and superficial fascia that hangs
outside the abdominopelvic cavity at the root of
the penis
Contains paired testicles separated by a midline
septum
Its external positioning keeps the testes 3C
lower than core body temperature
FORMATION OF THE TESTICALS
Ovoid structures about 5
cm long and 3 cm wide.
Located within the
scrotal sac (scrotum)
During fetal
development they are
near the kidneys and
slowly move inferiorly in
the abdominal cavity.
During the 7th month
they descend through
the inguinal canals
WALL OF THE SCROTUM
In the dermis, there is a
thin layer of smooth
muscle known as the
dartos muscle.
Contractions of this
muscle causes wrinkling of
the skin.
The cremaster muscle is
a thicker layer of skeletal
muscle that lowers and
raises the testes based on
temperature.
INSIDE THE SCROTUM
Each testes is enclosed by the tunica vaginalis, a
continuation of the peritoneum that lines the
abdominopelvic cavity.
A fibrous capsule covers each testis called the
tunica albuginea.
The tunica albuginea gives rise to septa
(partitions) that divide the testis into lobules
(about 250)
Each lobule contains 3 or 4 highly coiled
seminiferous tubules
These converge to become rete testis which
transport sperm to the epididymis
TESTICAL
PRODUCTION OF SPERM
10
SPERMATIC CORD
Contains the structures
running from the
testicles to the pelvic
cavity.
Passes
through the
inguinal canal
Contents:
Vas
Deferens
Nerves
Blood Vessels
11
MALE REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN
DIAGRAM
12
ACCESSORY GLANDS:
SEMINAL VESICLES
Lie on the posterior wall of the bladder and secrete
60% of the volume of semen
Seminal
fluid:
Fructose: provides energy for the sperm.
Fibrinogen: helps turn semen into a bolus that can be readily
propelled into the vagina.
Prostaglandins: decrease cervical mucus viscosity and
stimulate reverse peristalsis of the uterus.
Join the ductus deferens to form the ejaculatory
duct
13
ACCESSORY GLANDS: PROSTATE
GLAND
Doughnut-shaped
gland that encircles part
of the urethra inferior to the bladder
Plays a role in the activation of sperm
Enters the prostatic urethra during
ejaculation
Prostatic secretions include:
Citrate:
is a food source (TCA cycle)
Proteolytic enzymes: acts to "decoagulate" the
semen that was coagulated by seminal vesicle
secretions, which helps the sperm begin their
journey once inside the vagina
14
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS
(COWPERS GLANDS)
Pea-sized glands inferior to
the prostate
Produce alkaline mucus
prior to ejaculation that
neutralizes traces of acidic
urine in the urethra
15
EPIDIDYMIS
Epididymis:
Storage and maturation area for
sperm
Its head joins the efferent ductules and caps
the superior aspect of the testis
The duct of the epididymis has stereocilia that:
Absorb
testicular fluid
Pass nutrients to the sperm
Nonmotile
sperm enter, pass through its tubes
and become motile (propelled by peristalsis)
Upon ejaculation the epididymis contracts,
expelling sperm into the ductus deferens
*Motile :Ability of sperm to swim
16
SPERM
1.
2.
3.
Sperm have three major
regions
Head :contains DNA and
has a helmet-like acrosome
containing hydrolytic
enzymes that allow the
sperm to penetrate and
enter the egg
Midpiece: contains
mitochondria spiraled
around the tail filaments
Tail :a typical flagellum
produced by a centriole
17
SPERM SUMMARY
Produced: Seminiferous tubules
Stored: Epididymis
Transported through epididymis by rhythmic
peristaltic contractions as they mature
Epididymis Vas Deferens Ejaculatory duct
(ampulla of vas deferens fuses with duct of seminal
vesicle ejaculatory duct) prostate prostatic
urethra (then passes the bulbourethral gland)
membranous urethra penile urethra
18
OCCUPATIONAL DESEASES
RELATED MALE REPRODUCTIVE
FUNCTIONS
There are factors affecting the functions and
fertility of male production system due working
environment
Following are studies conducted in several
industry and showing the effect to the Male
reproductive system :
PESTICIDE INDUSTRY
*Source : Journal Of Occupational health ; Occupational Exposure Associated with Reproductive Dysfunctional by
Sunil Kumar Reproductive Toxicology And Histochemistry Division, National Institute of Occupational Health, India
TOXIC METAL EXPOSURE
*Source : Journal Of Occupational health ; Occupational Exposure Associated with Reproductive Dysfunctional by
Sunil Kumar Reproductive Toxicology And Histochemistry Division, National Institute of Occupational Health, India
RADIATION INDUSTRY
*Source : Journal Of Occupational health ; Occupational Exposure Associated with Reproductive Dysfunctional by
Sunil Kumar Reproductive Toxicology And Histochemistry Division, National Institute of Occupational Health, India
EXTREME HEAT EXPOSURE
INDUSTRY
*Source : Journal Of Occupational health ; Occupational Exposure Associated with Reproductive Dysfunctional by
Sunil Kumar Reproductive Toxicology And Histochemistry Division, National Institute of Occupational Health, India
SOLVENT EXPOSURE INDUSTRY
*Source : Journal Of Occupational health ; Occupational Exposure Associated with Reproductive Dysfunctional by
Sunil Kumar Reproductive Toxicology And Histochemistry Division, National Institute of Occupational Health, India
THANK YOU
