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GPS Introduction

GPS uses satellites to allow receivers to determine their location. It requires receiving signals from at least 3 satellites to calculate 2D coordinates and 4 satellites for 3D coordinates. The accuracy of consumer GPS is around 10-20 meters but can be improved to 3-5 meters with WAAS or to 1-3 meters with DGPS which uses a stationary base station. GPS has limitations like needing clear sky visibility and being unable to indicate movement or direction on its own. It finds widespread use in applications like hiking, farming, and vehicle navigation.

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80 views15 pages

GPS Introduction

GPS uses satellites to allow receivers to determine their location. It requires receiving signals from at least 3 satellites to calculate 2D coordinates and 4 satellites for 3D coordinates. The accuracy of consumer GPS is around 10-20 meters but can be improved to 3-5 meters with WAAS or to 1-3 meters with DGPS which uses a stationary base station. GPS has limitations like needing clear sky visibility and being unable to indicate movement or direction on its own. It finds widespread use in applications like hiking, farming, and vehicle navigation.

Uploaded by

edmundo
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GPS Receivers

University of Manitoba

Recreation Services
GPS Workshop.

What is GPS?
GPS is the acronym for
Global Positioning System.
GPS consists of a series of
satellites (24+) that transmit data that
allow receivers on Earth to determine their
location with great accuracy. Also included
in this system are ground stations (5)
that are used for detecting and updating
errors. Generally we only think about the
receivers and call those a GPS or GPS units.

The Short Story!


GPS Receiver (Hand Held Unit)
Triangulation with at least 3 satellites

& a good view of the sky (4 satellites


needed for X, Y and Z coordinates)
How accurate?
10-20m (elevation ~ 2x horizontal
error)
0.5cm with additional equipment

Where You Are Triangulation


1 satellite
2 satellites
3 satellites (Lat/Long 2D)
4 satellites gives altitude

Enhancements to Accuracy
(WAAS)

Wide Area Augmentation System

Geo-stationary Satellites
~25 ground stations of
known location (North America)
corrects for GPS signal errors caused by
ionospheric disturbances, timing and
satellite orbit errors
Improves accuracy to 3-5m
Limits
Must have good view of sky
Antenna/receiver must be powered all of the
time.

Enhancements to Accuracy
(DGPS)
Differential GPS involves the cooperation of two

receivers,
one that's stationary and another that's roving
around
making position measurements. The stationary
receiver is the key. It ties all the satellite
measurements into a true known position.

DGPS Accuracy
1-3 meter with U.S. Coast Guard

signal
0.5 cm with local base station (used
extensively in Westside farming)

Limitations for Hiking


Need to see the sky!
Trees, buildings, mountains, some car windshields,
etc...

Only indicates place not movement or direction


So how does it measure speed and direction?
Minimum speed ~1.5km/hour (some up to
4km/hour)

Power
Bring extra batteries

Cold/Winter Temperatures
Power
LCD Screen

Sources of Error (~10m)


Error

Value

Ionosphere

4.0 meters

Clock

2.1 meters

Ephemeris

2.1 meters

Troposphere 0.7 meters


Receiver

0.5 meters

Multipath

1.0 meter

Total

10.4 meters

Measures (some receivers


display)

DOP (dilution of precision)


EPE (Estimate Position Error)

Minimize Error

Averaging
Better Satellite Config
Move to get better sky
view
Re-orient receiver (patch/helix)
Wait

Of Datums and Coordinates


Datum
NAD27 (Canada), NAD83, WGS84

Co-ordinate
Lat/Long (dd.dddd, ddhhmm.ss)
N4952'10.11" W09713'45.95"
UTM/UPS (Zone Easting Northing)
14U 627231 5525622
MGRS (Zone GridRef Easting Northing)
14U PA 27231
25622

WayPoint

Bearing

Track (log)

Route

Some Terms

Cost: $100-50,000
Based mostly on the need for
accuracy

GPS Applications in
Agriculture
Determine field boundaries
Crop scouting (maturation, weeds, pests)
Soil testing
Tillage
Spraying (pesticides, herbicides,
fertilizers)
Yield monitoring

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