BEE12202
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH
Introduction to Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)
Dr. Hisyam Bin Abdul Rahman
[email protected]FKEE, UTHM
Rancangan Pembelajaran &
Pengajaran
Quizzes
: 5%
Test 1
: 15%
Test 2
: 15%
Group assignment
: 5%
Group project
: 10%
Coursework
: 50%
Final
: 50%
Total
: 100:
Objectives
At the
end of the
lecture,
student
would be
able to :
Understand and able to
differentiate between
occupational health and
occupational safety.
Able to define hazard and risk.
Explain the classification of
hazard.
States the routes of entry of
hazard.
Why SAFETY is so important ???
Occupational Safety and
Health
Introduction
Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a cross
disciplinary area concerned with protecting the
safety, health and welfare of people engaged in
work or employment.
The
goals of occupational safety and health
programs include to foster a safe and healthy
work environment.
OSH
may also protect co-workers, family
members, employers, customers, and many
others who might be affected by the workplace
environment.
Occupational Safety and
Health
Introduction
Preserving and protecting human and facility
resources in the workplace.
Helping people by preventing them from being
injured or becoming ill due to hazards in their
workplace.
A field wherein professionals attempt to prevent
catastrophic losses (e.g. destroy entire building).
The management function in an organization
concerned with improving quality and
efficiency.
Occupational Safety and
Health
Definition
That branch of medicine which deal with
the relationship of man and his
occupation,
for the purposes of prevention of disease
and injury, and
the promotion of optimal health,
productivity and social adjustment
Prevention
Promotion
Occupational Health Diseases
& Workplace Accidents
Factors relating
to work
-
Hazards
Work environment
Working methods
Equipment,
machinery
-
Healthy Lifestyle
- No smoking
No alcohol and
drug
-
Healthy activities
during
-
leisure time
Definition of Safety and
Health
Safety
Prevention of accidents (risks from moving
machinery, fire and explosions, lightning,
falling objects, sharp objects, acid burn)
Health
Prevention of diseases (risks from
chemical, physical, biological, ergonomics
& psychological agents)
Cause and Effect
SAFETY
HEALTH
CAUSE
CAUSE
Time
Dose
Lifestyle
EFFECT
EFFECT
Heredity
Previous
Exposures
Hazard and Risk
HAZARD
Potential of an agent to cause harm to health
RISK
Likelihood of hazard to cause harm to health
in the actual circumstances of exposure
RISK = HAZARD X EXPOSURE
Hazard
The potential of a physical, biological or
chemical to cause harm or damage to an
individual, properties or environment
The hazard relates to the intrinsic properties of
the chemical (its physicochemical properties
and health effects) to cause harm and will
always be the same.
Risk
The likelihood of hazard to cause harm under
the actual circumstances of exposure
Risk is totally dependent on the actual
exposure (Intensity or magnitude x
duration x frequency) to the agent.
Health Effect
There are 2 categories of health effects:
Acute Effect
Chronic Effect
i) Acute Effects
An acute effect is caused by short period of
exposure (e.g. in seconds or minutes) to high
concentrations of a substance.
Example:
The acute effect of carbon
monoxide (CO) poisoning where a brief
exposure to a high CO concentration causes
asphyxiation (e.g. choking)
ii) Chronic Effects
Chronic or long-term effects are caused by
repeated or prolonged exposure (continuing
day after day or week after week), typically
involving relatively low levels of a substance.
Example: Silicosis (causing fibrosis of lungs) is
due to prolonged exposure over a number of
years to crystalline silica.
Classification of health
hazards
There are 5 general groups of health hazards
1. Physical
2. Chemical
3. Biological
4. Ergonomic
5. Psychological
Physical Hazards
From Noise
From Light
Chemical Hazards
Welding Fume, Mineral oils, Paints, Silica sand,
Acids, Alkalis, Solvent (Thinner, Adhesive, Benzene,
Diesel)
Biological Hazards
Bacteria (e.g. E. Coli, Staphylococci, TB,
legionella)
Virus (e.g. Hepatitis A,B & C,
HIV, SARS, Avian Influenza);
Fungus & Spores
Ergonomic Hazards
Air temperature too hot/cold,
low relative humidity
Poor design, inaccessibility,
insufficient space, awkward
postures
Too bright/dim
Uncomfortable
workstation
Manual lifting
Psychological Hazards
Mental stress, overwork, work pressure, long shift
hours / work schedule-night duty, offshore duty
roster, boredom, unreasonable deadline, cultural
shock, poor communications, monotonous work.
Routes of Entry
1.
2.
3.
4.
Inhalation : most significant route of entry
(respiratory system)/most common and
quickest route of entry
Absorption : (through skin, eye and mucous
membrane)
Ingestion (mouth)
Injection
Philosophy of OSHA
The responsibility of doing
something about safety
& health lies with
those who create the
risks and
those who work with the
risks .
Lord Alfred Robens
If you think SAFETY
is expensive...
Try Having
an Accident !!!
