Structural
programmes
for modelling
Presented by
Civil Engineer
1
STAAD.Pro & ETABS
The example building:
Ground Floor
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
The example building:
Storey ht. = 3.6m
First Floor
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
The example building:
Storey ht. = 3.6m
Second Floor
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
The example building:
Storey ht. = 3.6m
Terrace
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Initial member size fixing
Beams:
Width:
According to architectural requirements: 20, 23 or 25 cm.
Preferably keep width not less than one-third depth.
Depth:
Fix an initial size between (span/12) and (span/15).
Choose sizes such as 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80 cm or more
This may have to be increased depending on Ast required (from
analysis) at a later stage.
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Initial member size fixing (cont)
Column:
Width:
What architectural requirements permit: 20, 23, 25 or 30 cm.
Preferably keep width of column grater than that of beams to facilitate
passing of beam reinforcements.
Increase width, wherever possible, to be preferably not less than half
depth.
Depth:
This is usually done from experience. For beginners, the following may
be taken as a starting point:
Fix an arbitrary (and reasonably small) size for columns.
From the axial force, find area required for each column based on short column
design formula, for 2% reinforcement.
Increase this area requirement by 25% for all internal columns and by 50% for
all periphery columns. For the decided width, find depth for the area required.
Based on above, choose depth such as 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80 cm or
more.
The dimension may be suitably re-sized later based on the Asc required
from analysis.
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Initial member size fixing (cont)
Slabs:
Depth:
Calculated as minimum of [shorter span]/32
but same depths in adjacent slabs can be convenient
Depths of 10, 11 and 12 cms are most common.
In case the depth required is more than 12 or 13 cm, one may spit the slab
using sub-beams, to bring the slab thickness to 12cm or within.
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
1st Floor plan Centre-to-centre distances (m):
A
1
5
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
1st Floor Key plan Beam Size:
D
A
1
5
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
1st Floor Key plan Column Size:
D
A
1
5
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
1st Floor Key plan Slab thickness:
D
A
1
5
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Modeling Framed Structure
Frame:
Beams & columns are modeled using frame elements
Each beam and each column is represented by single
frame element (no subdividing by meshing is done)
Beams and columns are of homogeneous isotropic
elastic material with properties (E, ) that of concrete
properties of reinforcement are not considered
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Modeling Framed Structure
Frame:
Beam elements are oriented along the centre
line, and columns are modeled using frame
elements
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Modeling Framed Structure
Frame:
Beam elements are oriented along the centre line, and
columns are modeled using frame elements
Columns are located at the intersection of beams (not
the centre line of the columns)
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Column positions
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Centre of columns
as modeled
Actual centre of
columns
Position of column centre lines
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
(Plan view from STAAD, col. Without
offset)
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Modeling Framed Structure
Frame:
Beam elements are oriented along the centre line, and
columns are modeled using frame elements
Columns are located at the intersection of beams (not
the centre line of the columns)
Columns can later be moved to its actual centre line by
offsetting it.
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
(Plan view from STAAD, col. Without &
With offset)
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Modeling Framed Structure
Stairs:
Window on mid landing level beam
Window on floor level beam
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Window on mid landing level beam
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Window on floor level beam
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Window on MLL beam
Window on FL beam
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
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Modeling Framed Structure
Frame:
At the points where sub-beams (or secondary beams) connect to
the main-beams (or primary beams), nodes have to be introduced
in the latter by splitting them (though not in ETABS*).
The bending degree of freedom of the sub-beams are released at
either ends to prevent torsion in the main-beams. (Where sub
beams run continuous over the main beams, only the extreme ends
are released)
* This is because ETABS uses a duel model approach: the one we model is the
physical model. On clicking the Analysis button, ETABS, in background, builds a
an analysis model (ie., its corresponding Finite Element model) which it uses for
analysis. This model will have the primary beams split and nodes introduced to
connect the secondary beams.
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Column positions
Bending moment
released at these
points
Moment releases in sub-beams
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Modeling Framed Structure
Toilets:
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Modeling Framed Structure
Toilets:
Toilet slabs are sunk from the floor level (to
accommodate outlet pipes. The portion is then filled
with lean or brick concrete. The depth of sinking is:
30 cm for European styled water closets and
45 cm for Indian styled water closets
20 cm for bath rooms
The beams separating the sunken slab from floor slabs
should bee deep enough to accommodate the floor slab
as well as the sunken slab
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
One floor in
STAAD.Pro & ETABS
STAAD.Pro
ETABS
32
33
One floor and columns
STAAD.Pro
ETABS
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Supports:
For Shallow Footings and Pile Foundations
Footing
Pile
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Supports:
For Shallow Footings and Pile Foundations
Footing
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Supports:
For Shallow Footings and Pile Foundations
Pile
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Supports:
For Shallow Footings and Pile Foundations
For shallow foundation, plinth beams will be at plinth
level above ground (GL), while support point is located
at founding level below GL.
For pile foundation, the support point is located at top
of pile cap, which is at a level 30 cm below GL.
The grade beams will also be at the pile cap level (connecting
support points in the model).
Thus the GF columns will have a ht. = storey ht. + plinth ht. +
depth of pile cap below GL
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Supports:
For Shallow Footings and Pile Foundations
Footing
Pile
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Whole structure
STAAD.Pro
ETABS
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Whole structure
STAAD.Pro
ETABS
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Modeling Framed Structure
Slabs:
Floor slabs are not structurally modeled the
load on the slab (its self wt., finishes, live load,
etc.) are applied as 2-way distribution on to its
supporting beams
In STAAD.Pro this is done by the 2-way
distribution Floor Load facility
In ETABS, this is done by defining a floor object
membrane element in place of the slab, with loads
on it. The membrane converts it to 2-way
distribution.
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Loads applied on frame
STAAD.Pro
ETABS
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Coordinate System
Global system
GY
GX
GZ
Rotational directions (MX, MY
and MZ) are defined as:
When looking through the axis to
the origin, anticlockwise is +ve
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Coordinate System
Local system for beams
GY
X
Y
X
Z
GZ
GX
Rotational directions (MX, MY
and MZ) are defined as:
When looking through the axis
towards origin, anticlockwise is
+ve.
Rotational directions MY and
MZ are about local Y and Z
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Coordinate System
Local system for plates
Direction Y is
perpendicular to X
direction, and directed
from j end to k end.
Z
Y
j
i
Direction X is parallel to
i-j, and directed from i
end to j end.
Direction Z is towards
that side from which the
nodes i, j, k, l in order
appear anti-clockwise
Rotational directions MX and
MY are along local X and Y
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Global & Local Coordinate Systems
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Global & Local Coordinate Systems
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Coordinate labels in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
As shown in
previous slides
STAAD.Pro
ETABS
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Loading
STAAD.Pro and ETABS have facilities for: Self-weight (Gravity load of elements)
Nodal loads (eg. Loads of Trusses)
Beam loading for Uni. Distr. loads, Uni. Vary. loads,
Concentrated loads, etc.
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Beam Loading
Along local X, Y, Z
(-ve Y shown)
Along global GX, GY,G Z
(-ve GY shown)
Along projected PX, PY, PZ
(-ve GY shown)
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Slab load on Beams
In addition, almost all packages have facility to distribute
floor loads on to the supporting beams directly (without
modeling the slabs as elements)
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Modeling Framed Structure
Slabs:
RCC Shell roofs (like domes, hyperbolic
parabolas, cylindrical roofs, etc) and pitched
roofs without skeletal beams are modeled using
shell elements
Flat slabs and flat plates are modeled using
plate elements.
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Modeling Framed Structure
Slabs:
For RCC pitched roofs with skeletal beams:
In STAAD.Pro this is done by a special Floor Load
distribution facility
In ETABS, this is done by modeled using shell
elements.
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
Modeling Framed Structure
Walls:
Masonry walls are not modeled, but its weight
applied as a UDL on its supporting beams.
No deductions are made for window or door
openings, nor additions made for lintels.
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Analysis & Design of an RC Building in STAAD.Pro & ETABS
Presented by Rahul Leslie
