Exercises

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 N

100m

1. Express the attitude of the mapped rock unit/s as strike/dip and dip/dip.
2. The structure of the mapped unit/s is/are: a. vertical b. Monocline c.
Homocline.
3. The exposure widths are different due to: a. variations of layer/s dip/s in both
sides of the hill b. variations of layer/s true thickness/es in both sides of
the hill c. variations in surface gradients d. variations of layer dip/s and
surface gradient.
4. Explain how you can estimate the layer/s true and vertical thickness/es.

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 N 100m

The exposure is to a homocline.

The dip/dip attitude of the layer is .
The strike is .
The exposure indicates a. fold b. V-pattern of ordinary inclined surface c. V-
pattern of horizontal surface d. insufficient information.
On the basis of your selection of 3, the fold is a. recumbent b. plunging c.
non-plunging d. I persist that not fold.
On the basis of selection of 3, the V-points a. up hill and downdip downhill
and downdip c. upstream and updip d. downstream and updip.
Are there exceptions of V-rule? a. Yes, the V-points opposite dip b. Yes the V-
points downdip c. No exceptions d. Insufficient information.
If there are exceptions, a. can you explain why? b. I decided no exceptions
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 N 100m

1. The exposure is a. Homocline b. Monocline c. plunging fold d. insufficient

information.
2. The exposure width is changed due to a. variation of true thickness - b.
variation of vertical thickness c. variation of dips and gradients d. a and c.
3. V-points a. uphill and downdip b. downhill and downdip c. uphill and upndip d.
downhill and updip.
4. Why does exposure at location A is wider than at B?
5. Show how you can estimate the true thickness.
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1. Shaded layers are
a. Plunging anticline
b. Plunging syncline
c. Monocline
d. Homocline
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2. The red dyke
a. Is vertical
b. Dips ENE
c. Dips WSW
d. Strikes WNW

3. The exposure of red dyke

develops V-pattern
pointing: 3
a. Downstream-updip
b. Upstream downdip 1 5
c. Downstream downdip
d. Upstream updip

4. On the streams, the V-

patterns of dykes and
shaded beds are different,
explain
5. Explain the unconformities
encountered in the map
6. State the geological events
beginning from the oldest.
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What do closed and parallel
exposures mean?

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The map shows outcrop of two coal seams A and
B.
1. The two coals are a :
a. plunging fold
b. homocline
c. monocline
d. horizonta

2. Coal seam at D is (belong to A belong

to B another one)

2. The width between the two exposures at

F is wider than others because

3. The coal seam/s (A B A and B not)

will be stumbled upon encountered at
point C.

4. Write in field not how you can express

the attitude of the seams

5. Estimate the depth to both coals at C;

ground elevation at C is 133 meter
a.s.l.

6. Why the coal seam at D has a closed 100m

exposure?

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The structure is
a. plunging anticline
b. doubly plunging anticline
c. Plunging syncline
d. doubly plunging anticline
e. monocline
f. homocline

Symmetry
Symbols

V-patterns and direction of dips

Plunge of fold axis

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1. The exposure of horizontal beds a. appears horizontal in direction of strike b. inclined in direction
of apparent dips c. parallel to structural contours d. parallel to topographic contours - e. a and d.
2. The exposure of vertical layers appears as a. straight line around across stream b. straight line
across hill c. a and b d. straight parallel lines on both sides of hill slope.
3. Downstream shallow dipping homocline across higher gradient stream develop {a. downdip and
upstream b. updip and upstream c. downdip and upstream d. downdip} and downstream
pointing V-pattern.
4. If the layers are getting older in direction of apparent dips, they should have {a. the same setting
across true dip b. the same feature along strike c. a and b d. not inverted sequence}.
5. The layers getting younger in direction of {a. strike b. true dip c. opposite to dip d. apparent dips}
through the overturned limb of a fold.
6. The layers on the ordinary limb of overturned fold getting {younger downdip older downdip
younger updip older updip}.
7. The pitch equals the plunge on {vertical layer horizontal layer inclined layer no, they are always
different}.
8. In a wide area, the layer packages dip around 55SE at all locations, the structure is {homocline
monocline }.
9. The vertical layers have a. dip direction b. strike direction c and b no strike.
10. True thickness equals the width of exposure if the layer is {vertical horizontal inclined}
irrespective to topographic effect.
11. The true thickness equals the width of exposure if the layer is {vertical horizontal inclined} and
exposed on a vertical cliff.

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1. A syncline: a. has beds dipping away from its axis b. has beds dipping towards its axis c. has older
rocks exposed along its axis d. has limbs which converge towards the earths surface e. none of
these.
2. On a geologic map, the rock layers make a "U" pattern. This pattern represents a. an anticline b. a
graben c. a syncline d. cant tell without more information.
3. On a geologic map, you see a band of old rock with young rocks on either side. It could be: a. any of
the following b. an anticline c. a horst d. a valley cut through several layers.
4. A coal bed is perfectly horizontal and at an elevation of 1000 feet all the way around a mountain. If
you drill down from the summit (elevation 2000 feet) you would expect: a. to hit the coal bed 1000
feet down b. never to hit the coal because it only occurs around the outside of the mountains c. to hit
the coal bed 2000 feet down d. to hit the coal bed 1000 feet below sea level.
5. In drilling an oil well, you drill through a horizontal red rock layer. Then you hit a zone of sheared and
broken rock. Then later on you hit the red rock again. You have encountered a. an anticline b. a
homocline c. a syncline d. a thrust fault
6. Foliation is a. unrelated to folds b. cuts across folds c. tends to parallel the axial planes of folds.
7. Not an example of foliation a. bedding in shale b. platy splitting of schist c. cleavage in slate d.
banding in gneiss.
8. _______________produce extension of the crust. a. Reverse faults b. Normal faults c. Left-lateral
faults d. Dip slip faults
9. Thrust faults a. result in compression of the crust b. are found along subduction zones c. all the
above.
10. How do normal and reverse faults differ? a. normal faults are caused by extension of the crust,
reverse faults by compression b. reverse faults are caused by extension of the crust, normal faults by
compression c. reverse faults are left-lateral, normal faults are right- lateral d. reverse faults are
right-lateral, normal fualts are left- lateral e. none of the above.
11. Which of these indicates that the crust is being stretched or extended? a. anticlines b. normal faults
c. reverse faults d. synclines

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1. Which of these indicates that the crust is being compressed or shortened? a. anticlines b.
homoclines c. normal faults d. dikes
2. A thin large sheet of rock which slides over other rocks in a mountain belt is called a/an a. intrusion
b. anticline c. landslide d. nappe or thrust sheet.
3. The sheet-like structure of metamorphic rocks is called: a. bedding b. foliation c. jointing d.
stratification
4. An elongate fold in which all the strata dip in toward the center is a(n): a. dome b. syncline c.
monocline d. anticline e. basin
5. An overturned fold is one in which: a. both limbs dip in the same direction b. the axial plain is vertical
c. the axis is inclined d. the strata in one limb are horizontal e. the strata are faulted as well as folded
6. An oval to circular fold with all strata dipping outward from a central point is a(n): a. plunging anticline
b. recumbent syncline c. dome d. basin e. overturned syncline
7. A circular or oval syncline-like fold is called a(n): a. monocline b. asymmetric anticline c. joint d.
overturned fault e. basin
8. The intersection of an inclined plane with a horizontal plane is the definition of: a. horizontal strata b.
strike c. dip-slip movement d. joint e. folded strata.

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In the intersecting joints at right, the greatest compression was probably oriented
along direction: a. A-A b. B-B c. C-C d. D-D

The figure at right represents the contact between two sets of rock layers, seen
in cross-section. This contact: a. represents a gap in the geologic record b.
is an unconformity c. implies that the lower layers were tilted and eroded
before the upper layers were deposited d. all of the above

The feature at right, seen in cross-section, is a. anticline b. syncline c.

homocline d. monocline

The feature at right, seen in cross-section, is a: a. anticline b. syncline c.

homocline d. monocline

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This feature (seen in cross-section) is: a. a syncline b. a horst c. a thrust fault d. a rift

This fault-bounded feature is: a. a horst b. a syncline c. a graben d. a

monocline

The rocks to the right have ripple marks, cross-bedding and graded beds.
The younger rocks: a. are up and to the left b. are down and to the right

In the fold at right, which is the most likely orientation for the foliation? a. A-A
b. B-B c. C-C

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This feature (seen in cross-section) is a. an anticline b. a syncline
c. a monocline d. a horst

This feature (seen in cross-section) is a. an anticline b. a graben

c. a monocline d. a syncline

In the structure at right, the oldest rocks are 1 and the youngest are 4. This
is a: a. dome b. basin c. homocline d. anticline

In the structure above, if you drilled a well at X, what would you hit below unit
3?
a. Unit 4 b. Unit 2 c. Unit 1 d. rocks older than 1 e. rocks younger than 4 f. a, b
and d
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In the structure at right, the oldest rocks are 1 and the youngest
are 4. This is a: a. dome b. basin c. homocline d. anticline

In the structure above, if you drilled a well at X, what would you hit below unit 2?
a. Unit b. Unit 3 c. Unit 1 d. rocks older than 1 e. rocks younger than 4 f.

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