FUNDAMENTALS OF REFORMING
CATALYST AND ADVANCES
DR. Y. K. KUCHHAL
PETROLEUM PROCESSING CONSULTANCY CENTRE,
DEHRADUN
FUNDAMENTALS OF
REFORMING CATALYST AND ADVANCES
INTRODUCTION
CATALYST FUNDAMENTALS
CATALYST COMPOSITION
METALLIC / ACIDIC FUNCTION
POISONS (TEMPORARY / PERMANENT)
EFFECT OF POISONS ON CATALYST ACTIVITY & THEIR
REMEDIES
ADVANCEMENT IN REFORMING CATALYST
INTRODUCTION
FIRST CATALYST USED IN CATALYTIC REFORMING WAS 9-10%
CHROMIUM - OXIDES OR MOLYBEDNUM OXIDES, ON ALUMINA TO
CATALYZE HYDROGENATION AND DEHYDROGENATION REACTIONS TO
PRODUCE HIGH OCTANE GASOLINE
IN 1949, UOP FIRST INTRODUCED PLATINUM ON ALUMINA IN
CATALYTIC REFORMING CATALYST (PLATINUM + REFORMING =
PLATEFORMING) AND SINCE THEN TILL TODAY ALMOST ALL THE
RESEARCH IS CARRIED OUT ON AND AROUND PLATINUM.
SUBSEQUENTLY, EFFORTS WERE MADE TO IMPROVE THE
FUNCTIONING OF PLATINUM CATALYST. SOME OF THEM ARE AS
FOLLOWS :
CONTD.
1. HIGH PURITY ALUMINA GIVE LONGER LIFE (STABILITY)
2. IMPROVED PROCEDURE WERE DEVELOPED FOR RE-
DISPERSION OF PLATINUM FOR RESTORING CATALYST
ACTIVITY AND SELECTIVITY TO THAT OF FRESH
CATALYST AFTER REGENERATION.
3. INCORPORATION OF OTHER METALS (Ir, Re, Sn, Ge etc.)
TO PROMOTE THE PERFORMANCE OF PLATINUM
CATALYST (BIMETALLIC / MULTIMETALLIC)
4. RECENTLY UOP INTRODUCED A NEW GENERATION
ZEOLITE BASE PLATINUM CATALYST GIVING A VERY HIGH
SELECTIVITY FOR BENZENE AND TOLUENE
REFORMING CATALYST FUNDAMENTALS
A REFORMING CATALYST LIKE OTHER CATALYSTS MUST
POSSESS FOLLOWING PROPERTIES :
ACTIVITY
SELECTIVITY
STABILITY
REGENERABILITY
COST EFFECTIVE
ACTIVITY
IT IS GENERALLY REPRESENTED BY THE TEMPERATURE
REQUIRED TO PRODUCE A GIVEN OCTANE NUMBER
REFORMATE. THE LOWER THE TEMPERATURE, THE MORE
ACTIVE THE CATALYST.
THE HIGHER THE SPACE VELOCITY, THE MORE ACTIVE THE
CATALYST
SELECTIVITY
IN CATALYTIC REFORMING, SELECTIVITY OF THE
CATALYST MEANS THE PERCENT OF DESIRED PRODUCT
YIELD FROM THE FEED STOCK e.g.
IN MOTOR FUEL REFORMING, A HIGH YIELD OF REFORMATE
OF DESIRED OCTANE NUMBER IS GOOD SELECTIVITY.
IN BTX OPERATION, A HIGH YIELD OF TOTAL AROMATICS IS
GOOD SELECTIVITY.
A CATALYST CAN HAVE GOOD ACTIVITY BUT HAVE POOR
SELECTIVITY OR VICE VERSA. THE BEST CATALYST WILL
HAVE BOTH GOOD ACTIVITY AND GOOD SELECTIVITY
STABILITY
STABILITY IS THE ABILITY OF A CATALYST TO MAINTAIN
ITS ACTIVITY AND SELECTIVITY OVER A REASONABLE
PERIOD.
A CATALYST THAT OPERATES FOR A LONG TIME WITH
LITTLE OR NO LOSS OF ACTIVITY OR SELECTIVITY HAS
GOOD STABILITY.
A CATALYST WITH GOOD STABILITY HAS A LONG CYCLE
LIFE BETWEEN REGENERATIONS.
REGENERABILITY
RECOVERY OF ACTIVITY, SELECTIVITY AND STABILITY
AFTER REGENERATION
REFORMING CATALYST
REFORMING CATALYSTS ARE COMPOSED OF PLATINUM WITH OR
WITHOUT PROMOTING METALS DISPERSED UNIFORMLY ON HIGH
PURITY CHLORINATED ALUMINA SUPPORT.
METAL PLATINUM = 0.2 - 0.6 % WT
METAL PROMOTORS = Ir, Re, Ge & Sn (0.03 - 0.7 WT %)
CHLORINE CONTENT = 1.0 - 1.2 WT %
CATALYST ARE EITHER EXTRUDATES / SPHERICAL BEADS
MONOMETALLIC CATALYSTS (Pt) POSSESS ACTIVITY,
SELECTIVITY AND STABILITY SUITABLE FOR LOW SEVERITIES.
THE CATALYST DEACTIVATES FAST IN HIGH SEVERITY
OPERATION.
CONTD.
CONTD.
BIMETALLIC CATALYST (Pt WITH PROMOTER) HAVE BETTER
ACTIVITY, SELECTIVITY, STABILITY AND REGENERABILITY
AND ARE SUITABLE FOR HIGH SEVERITY OPERATION AT
LOW PRESSURE.
FUNCTION OF CATALYST
REFORMING CATALYST IS BIFUNCTIONAL IN NATURE.
METAL FUNCTION (HYDROGENATION / DEHYDROGENATION)
ACIDIC FUNCTION (ISOMERISATION, HYDROCRACKING ETC.)
INCREASE IN ACID FUNCTION
REASON
HIGH CHLORINE CONTENT
EFFECT
INCREASE IN HYDROCRACKING AND ISOMERISATION REACTIONS
RESULT
INCREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF LPG
DECREASE IN THE RATIO OF C1/C2 + C3 + C4
REDUCTION IN THE PURITY OF RECYCLE GAS
DECREASE IN TEMPERATURE DROP IN THE TAIL REACTOR DUE
TO EXOTHERMICITY OF HYDROCRACKING
SLIGHT DECREASE IN OCTANE NUMBER
DECREASE IN ACID FUNCTION
REASON
ELUTION OF CHLORINE DUE TO HIGH MOISTURE
CONTENT OR TOO DRY A CATALYST
EFFECT
DECREASE IN HYDROCRACKING AND ISOMERISATION
REACTIONS
RESULTS
DECREASE IN OCTANE NUMBER
REDUCTION IN LPG PRODUCTION
DECREASE IN METALLIC FUNCTION
REASON
POISON BY SULPHUR / OTHER METALS
EFFECT
DECREASE IN METAL FUNCTION EFFECT THE
DEHYDROGENATION REACTIONS
RESULTS
DROP IN OCTANE NUMBER
DECREASE IN T IN 1ST REACTOR
INCRASE IN T IN 2ND REACTOR (IN CASE OF METAL
POISONING)
DROP IN THE PURITY OF THE RECYCLE GAS
DECREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF C 1 & C2
REACTION PATH IN CATALYTIC
REFORMING OF C6 HYDROCARBON
CATALYST SELECTION
1. HIGH ACTIVITY
HIGHER WHSV
LOWER REACTOR TEMPERATURE
2. HIGH SELECTIVITY
HIGHER C5+, H2 AND AROMATICS YIELDS
LOWER LIGHT GAS YIELD
HIGHER OCTANE
CONTD...
CONTD...
3. HIGH STABILITY
LOWER DECLINE IN C5+ AND H2 YIELDS DURING CYCLE
LOWER EOR - SOR TEMPERATURE
LOWER RECYCLE RATIO
HIGH COKE TOLERANCE
LONGER CYCLE LENGTH
4. GOOD REGENERABILITY
RECOVERY OF ACTIVITY, SELECTIVITY AND STABILITY
5. COST EFFECTIVE
LOWER PRECIOUS METALS CONTENT
BENEFITS OF BI AND MULTIMETALLIC
CAT. OVER MONOMETALLIC CAT.
ENCHANCED RESISTANCE TO COKING
LOWER FOULING
HIGHER COKE TOLERANCE
LONGER CYCLE LENGTH FOR S-R UNIT
LOW PRESSURE AND LOW H/HC OPERATION
HIGH OCTANE
HIGH AROMATICS
HIGH YIELDS OF DESIRABLE PRODUCTS
BETTER YIELD STABILITY
LOWER TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENT
BETTER TOLERANCE TO HIGH TEMPERATURE
BETTER REGENERABILITY
HIGH ULTIMATE LIFE
TYPICAL PHYSICO-CHEMICAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF Pt-Re REFORMING
CATALYST
CATALYST POISONS
CATALYST CONTAMINANTS ARE CLASSIFIED IN TWO
CATEGORIES
1. TEMPORARY POISONS
ARE THOSE WHICH CAN BE REMOVED FROM THE CATALYST
WITHOUT UNIT SHUT DOWN. THE ACTIVITY AND SELECTIVITY
OF THE CATALYST IS RESTORED ONCE THE POISON
DISAPPEARS. NAMELY
TOLERANCE LIMIT,
ppm wt
SULPHUR 0.5-1.0
NITROGEN 0.5-1.0
CHLORINE 0.5
WATER 5 CONTD.
CONTD.
2. PERMANENT POISONS
ARE THOSE WHICH INDUCE A LOSS OF ACTIVITY
WHICH CAN NOT BE RECOVERED EVEN WITH
REGENERATION AND IS SO SEVERE THAT
CATALYST NEEDS REPLACEMENT
SULPHUR
SULPHUR IS THE MOST COMMONLY IMPURITY FOUND IN
NAPHTHA THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION IS
0.5 PPMW OF SULPHUR. LESS THAN 0.5 PPMW WILL
PROVIDE ADDITIONAL CATALYST STABILITY AND
SELECTIVITY.
MECHANISM
POISONING IS CAUSED BY THE H 2S EITHER CONTAINED IN
THE FEED OR RESULTING FROM THE DECOMPOSITION. H 2S
REACTS WITH PLATINUM ACCORDING TO THE EQUILIBRIUM
Pt + H2S Pt S + H2
AND WITH Re AS
Re + H2S Re S + H2
THE SULPHIDE FORMATION CONSEQUENTLY REDUCES THE
ACTIVITY OF THE CATALYST AS THE METALLIC CONTACT
AREA REDUCES
CONTD
EFFECT
SULPHUR POISON INHIBITS THE METAL FUNCTION OF
THE CATALYST.
A DECREASE IN H2 YIELD
A DECREASE IN RECYCLE PURITY
PRODUCES SULPHATE DURING COKE BURN ON
ALUMINIUM SUPPORT, IF S IS NOT REMOVED BEFORE
REGENERATION
ENHANCE RATE OF COKING AND THUS DECREASE
CYCLE LENGTH
REASON
POOR OPERATION OF THE PRE-TREATER
EITHER LOW ACTIVITY OF HYDROTREATER CATALYST
OR TOO LOW HYDROTREATER REACTOR TEMPERATURE
UN-SATISFACTORY OPERATION OF THE HYDROTREATER
STRIPPER
CONTD
DETECTION
CHECK SULPHUR CONTENT IN THE RECYCLE GAS BY
DRAEGER TUBES
0.5 PPMW IN THE FEED GIVES ABOUT ONE PPMV IN THE
RECYCLE GAS OR 5-10 PPMV IN THE STABILIZER
COLUMN OFF GAS
INDICATION
DECREASE IN T OF THE FIRST REACTOR DUE TO LESS
METAL FUNCTION (DEHYDROGENATION)
CONTD
PRECAUTIONS
AS THE SULPHUR CONTENT IN THE RECYCLE GAS
INCREASES, THE REFORMER REACTOR INLET
TEMPERATURE MUST BE REDUCED.
TYPICALLY IF H2S LEVEL IS 5 PPM IN THE RECYCLE GAS,
THE TEMPERATURE SHOULD BE BROUGHT DOWN TO
<480oC.
HIGH SEVERITY OPERATING CONDITIONS CAN ONLY BE
RESUMED WHEN H2S ON THE RECYCLE GAS IS <1 PPMV.
IN NO CASE, THE LOST ACTIVITY DUE TO SULPHUR
POISONING BE COMPENSATED WITH TEMPERATURE.
CONTD
NITROGEN
NITROGEN IS RELATIVELY LESS PRESENT IN THE
REFORMING FEED THAN SULPHUR. IT USUALLY
PRESENT AS AN IMPURITY FROM CRACKED
NAPHTHA OR RESULTING FROM INJECTION OF AMINE
BASED INHIBITORS
THE MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION IS 0.5 PPMW
N2 GAS PRESENT ITSELF HAS NO DETRIMENTAL EFFECT.
CONTD
MECHANISM
NH3 FORMED BY DECOMPOSITION OF ORGANIC
COMPUNDS REACTS WITH CHLORINE DECREASING
THE ACIDIC FUNCTION OF THE CATALYST AND
PRODUCING AMMONIUM CHLORIDE NH4Cl. THIS
COMPOUND IS VOLATILE UNDER REACTOR
CONDITIONS.
CONTD
EFFECT
NITROGEN REDUCES THE ACID FUNCTION
A DECREASE IN OCTANE
SLIGHT INCREASE IN H2 PRODUCTION
NH4Cl IN THE RECYCLE GAS WILL DEPOSIT IN
COOLERS, SEPARATORS, STABILIZER COLD TRAYS
AND CAN CREATE MECHANICAL PROBLEMS IN THE
RECYCLE COMPRESSORS.
NOTE
0.5 PPMW OF NITROGEN IN FEED PRODUCES ABOUT
2 TONS NH4Cl IN 106 T UNIT PER YEAR
CONTD
PREVENTION
ORGANIC NITROGEN REMOVAL IS ACHIEVED BY
HYDROTRATING THE FEED. EFFICIENTLY
NAPHTHA WITH HIGH NITROGEN CONTENT MUST BE FED
TO A PRETREATER HAVING HDN ACTIVITY ALSO
DETECTION
LABORATORY ANALYSIS OF THE FEED TO DETECT
NITROGEN COMPONENTS
REMEDIES
INCREASE THE CHLORINATING AGENT INJECTION
DO NOT INCREASE THE REACTOR TEMPERATURE TO
COMPENSATE OCTANE LOSS. THIS WILL ONLY INCREASE
THE LOSS OF CHLORINE
TAKE NECESSARY STEPS TO REDUCE NITROGEN
COMPONENTS IN THE REFORMER FEED TO < 0.5 PPMW
CHLORINE
REFORMER CATALYST CONTAIN ABOUT 1% wt CHLORINE
CHLORINE RETENTION BY THE CATALYST IS A FUNCTION OF
SUPPORT CHARACTERISTICS, FEED/RECYCLE GAS, MOISTURE
CONTENT etc.
ANY CHLORINE IMBALANCE AFFECTS THE OCTANE RESPONSE TO
TEMPERATURE (RISE IN 3oC IN TEMPERTAURE GIVES ONE OCTANE
RISE IN 95 RON RANGE)
CHANGES THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF RECYCLE GAS
OVER CHLORIDED CATALYST CHANGES SELECTIVITY FAVOURING
HYDROCRACKING REACTIONS (PRODUCING MORE C 3 AND C4) WITH
FASTER COKING RATE RESULTING SHORTER CYCLE LENGTH AND
MORE CORROSION PROBLEM IN DOWN STREAM UNITS.
WATER & OXYGENATED COMPOUND
OXYGENATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (CH3OH, MTBE, TAME,
PHENOL) ARE CONVERTED INTO WATER AT REACTOR CONDITIONS
LITTLE WATER IS NECESSARY TO ACTIVATE THE ACIDIC FUNCTION
OF THE CATALYST
EXCESS OF WATER LEADS TO DECREASE IN CATALYST ACTIVITY
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION OF WATER IN REFORMER
FEED IS 5 PPMW
MECHANISM
WATER EFFECTS THE ACIDIC FUNCTION OF THE CATALYST AND
THUS DECREASES THE DE-HYDROCYCLISATION AND
ISOMERISATION REACTIONS
PREVENTION
WATER IS GENERALLY REMOVED IN THE HYDROTREATER STRIPPER.
ITS POOR OPERATION MAY RESULT MORE WATER IN HYDRATED
NAPHTHA .
DETECTION
ON LINE MOISTURE ANALYSER IS USUALLY PROVIDED IN THE
RECYCLE GAS
WATER CONTENT IN THE RECYCLE GAS MUST BE IN THE RANGE 15-
20 PPMV AND THE ASSOCIATED CHLORINE LEVEL IS 0.5 PPMV
ABOVE 50 PPMV, THE REACTOR TEMPERATURE MUST BE LOWERED
TO REDUCE THE CHLORINE LEACHING FROM THE CATALYST
50 PPMV WATER TEMPERATURE < 480oC
100 PPMV WTER < 460oC
BELOW 10 PPMV WATER IN THE RECYCLE GAS, WATER INJECTION
MUST BE USED.
1 PPMV WATER IN THE FEED RESULTS 3-4 PPMV, IN THE RECYCLE
GAS
REMEDIES
IN CASE OF WATER UPSET
ADJUST CHLORINE INJECTION TO MAKE UP
FOR THE CHLORINE LOSS
DECREASE REACTOR TEMPERATURE AS CITED
ABOVE
CHECK AMOUNT OF WATER / OXYGENATED
COMPOUNDS IN THE FEED
PERMANENT POISONS
IRREVERSIBLE DAMAGE TO THE CATALYST
POISONS MAX LEVEL SOURCE
wt PPB
ARSENIC I SR OR CRACKED
NAPHTHA
LEAD 5 RECYCLE
COPPER 5 CORROSION
MERCURY 5 NAPHTHA
CONDENSATE
IRON 5 CORROSION
SILICON 5 FOAMING
ADDITIVE
NICKEL 5 CORROSION
CHROMIUM 5 CORROSION
MECHANISM
MOST METALS POISON THE METAL FUNCTION OF THE
CATALYST AND AFFECT 1st REACTOR AND THEN BREAK
THROUGH TO OTHERS
EFFECT
A DRAMATIC DECREASE IN T OF THE FIRST REACTOR AND
INCREASE T OF THE SECOND REACTOR
A DECREASE IN OCTANE
AN INCREASE IN LIQUID PRODUCT YIELD
PREVENTION
GENERALLY, METAL POISONS ARE RETAINED BY THE
UPSTREAM HYDROTREATING CATALYSTS. HOWEVER, THE
RETENTION CAPACITY IS LIMITED AND BREAK THROUGH
MAY OCCUR
IMPORTANT TO CHECK THE METAL CONTENT OF
HYDROTREATER IN FEED AND PRODUCT
COKE
MECHANISM
DURING RUNNING THE CYCLE, THE COKE IS LAID
DOWN DUE TO CONDENSATION OF AROMATICS TO
POLYCYCLIC AROMATICS. WHICH STRONGLY
ADHERES TO THE CATALYST AND WITH TIME
ULTIMATELY CONVERT TO COKE
EFFECT
COKE BUILD UP ON THE CATALYST DEACTIVATE
THE ACTIVITY AND SELECTIVITY. HIGHER CARBON
LAID DOWN ON CATALYST RESULTS IN SHUT
DOWN OF UNIT.
COKE
PREVENTION
COKE CAN BE REDUCED BY LOWERING THE
SEVERITY OF OPERATION
SOLUTION
REDUCING THE END POINT OF THE FEED
COKE IS BURNT UNDER CONTROLLED
CONDITIONS IN PRESENCE OF AIR AND THE
CATALYST REGAINED BACK ITS ACTIVITY
OLEFIN
OLEFIN ACCELERATE REFORMER CATALYST
COKING THUS DECREASE THE CYCLE LENGTH
DECREASE H2 YIELD
WHEN CRACKED NAPHTHA FORMS PART OF FEED,
THE OLEFINS ARE HYDROGENATED IN
PRETREATER
NEXT GENERATION PLATEFORMING
CATALYST APPROACH
REDUCED COKING REACTIONS - HYDRO CRACKING
MODIFICATION OF ACIDITY
CATALYST BASE STRUCTURE
OPTIMISATION OF THE METAL/ACID BALANCE
UOP HAS RECENTLY ANNOUNCED A NEW SERIES (R-230) CCR
CATALYST AGAINST R-30 AND R-130 SERIES
ADVANTAGES OF R-230 AGAINST
EARLIER R-130 SERIES
HIGHER SURFACE AREA 205 (m2/g) R-230 SERIES
AGAINST 180 m2/g FOR R-130 SERIES
BETTER SURFACE AREA STABILITY OF R -230 SERIES
ABOUT 25% LESS COKE BUILD UP
GREATER STABILITY
C5+ YIELD IS 1.5 LV % BETTER THAN OLD R-34/R-134
UOP-CCR TECHNOLOGY MAY, 2000
UOP PLATEFORMING INNOVATIONS
R-162: HIGH
DENSITY CATALYST
R-132:HIGH ACTIVITY SURFACE AREA
STABLE CATALYST
1998
LOW PRESSURE UNIT (0.34 MPa) 1996
1993
1990
1988
1986 CCR AND
R-34 CATALYST
NEW REACTOR DESIGN CYCLE MAX CCR AND
1975
R-174 HIGH YIELD CATALYST
R-32:LOWER Pt CCR CATALYST
1971 FIRST CCR PLATFORMING UNIT
1949 FIRST SR PLATFORMING UNIT
UOP RZ-100 PLATFORMING CATALYST
ZEOLITE CATALYST
Pt CATALYST, NO ADDITIONAL ACIDITY IS REQUIRED
NON ACIDIC AND THEREFORE HAS LOW ACTIVITY FOR ACIDIC CATALYSED CRACKING REACTIONS.
ULTRA STABLE AT 50-130 psig
12 MONTHS CYCLE IN SR MODE
40oC MORE ACTIVE THAN CONVENTIONAL REFORMING CATALYST
MORE SULPHUR SENSITIVE THAN CONVENTIONAL CATALYST
IMPROVED SELECTIVITY FOR CONVERTING LIGHT PARAFFINS TO AROMATICS
REGENERABLE SIMILAR TO SR UNITS
WELL SUITED FOR AROMATICS PRODUCTION OF BENZENE AND TOLUENE
COMMERCIALLY DEMONSTRATED
YIELD DISTRIBUTION OF R-32 & RZ-100
COMPONENTS R-32 RZ-100
H2 2.4 4.2
C1-C4 27.2 6.3
C5+ NON-AROMATICS 35.3 36.5
AROMTICS 35.1 53.0
CONSTANT RONC FOR BOTH CATALYST
(FEED C6/C7 RAFFINATE)
FOR SR NAPHTHA C6-170oC
140% MORE BENZENE
45% MORE TOLUENE
10% MORE XYLENE
THAN CCR UNIT
SUMMARY OF TOTAL BTX PRODUCTION
(a) COKING FAVOURABLE STRUCTURE
(b) COKING RESISTANT STRUCTURE
Schematic of the Zeolite channel str. Which (a) favor and
(b) do not favor deactivation due to carbonaceous deposition
REFORMING CATALYST
SUPPLIERS NAME
SEMI REGENERATIVE CCR TYPE
AMERICAL CYANAMID Co. UOP
CHEVRON RESEARCH Co. PROCATALYSE,
CYANAMID KETJEN Co. FRANCE
ENGLEHARD CORPORATION &
EXXON RESEARCH & ENGG. Co. OTHERS
INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL PETROLEO
KATA LYSATORE WERKE HUELS Ag.
PROCATALYSE
UOP PROCESS DIVISION
IIP-IPCL
SUMMARY
CATALYTIC REFORMING CATALYST MONO, BI AND MULTI
METALLIC HAVING Pt AS ONE METAL IN THE RANGE (0.2
-0.6%.WT%) ON ALUMINA SUPPORT.
SECOND METALS MAY BE Re, Ga, Ir AND Sn ETC. IN
SIMILAR CONCENTRATION.
THE CATALYST SHOULD HAVE HIGH ACTIVITY,
SELECTIVITY, STABILITY AND REGENERABILITY ALSO.
REFORMING CATALYST IS VERY SUSCEPTIBILITY TO
LIKE H2O, SULPHUR, CHOLIDE AND NITROGEN BUT
METALS THE CATALYST ACTIVITY
PERMANENTLY.
THANK YOU
VARIOUS REFORMING CATALYSTS
AVAILABLE IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET
CATALYST DESIGNATION0 CATALYST TYPE APPLICATION ACTIVE AGENTS
ACREON CATALYST/PROCATALYSE
AR 403 BIMETALLIC AROMATICS Pt+PROMOTER
AR 405 BIMETALLIC AROMATICS Pt+PROMOTER
CR 201 CCR PETROL Pt/Sn
E 1000 CCR PETROL/AROM Pt/Sn
E 301 MONOMETALLIC PETROL/AROM Pt
E 302 MONOMETALLIC PETROL/AROM Pt
E 311 MONOMETALLIC LPG, PETROL Pt
E 601 BIMETALLIC PETROL/AROM Pt/Re
E 603 BIMETALLIC PETROL/AROM Pt/Re
E 611 BIMETALLIC PETROL/AROM Pt/Re
E 801 BIMETALLIC PETROL/AROM Pt/Re
E 802 BIMETALLIC PETROL/AROM Pt/Re
E 803 BIMETALLIC PETROL/AROM Pt/Re
E 804 BIMETALLIC PETROL/AROM Pt/Re
RG 412 MONOMETALLIC PETROL Pt
RG 482 BIMETALLIC PETROL Pt/Re
RG 582 MULTIMETALLIC PETROL Pt/Re+PROMOTER
RG442 MULTIMETALLIC PETROL, LPG Contd
Pt/Ir+PROMOTER
Contd
CATALYST DESIGNATION0 CATALYST TYPE APPLICATION ACTIVE AGENTS
CRITERION CATALYST CO. LP
PHF-4 MONOMETALLIC PETROL/BTX PtCl
PHF-5 MONOMETALLIC PETROL/BTX PROPRIETARY
PRHF-30,33,37,50,58 BIMETALLIC PETROL/BTX PROPRIETARY
P-8 MONOMETALLIC PETROL/BTX PtCl
PR-8 BIMETALLIC PETROL/BTX PtReCl
PR-9 BIMETALLIC PETROL/BTX PtReCl
PR-28 BIMETALLIC PETROL/BTX PtReCl
PS-7 MULTIMETALLIC PETROL/BTX PtSnCl
PS-10 MULTIMETALLIC PETROL/BTX PtSnCl
PS-20 MULTIMETALLIC PETROL/BTX PtSnCl
EXXON RESEARCH & ENGINEERING CO.
KX-120,-130,-160 MULTIMETALLIC PETROL & AROM Pt, ETC
INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL PETROLEO
IMP-RNA-1,2 BIMETALLIC PETROL/BTX Pt/Re
IMP-PRN-4 BIMETALLIC PETROL/BTX Pt/Sn
KATALEUNA GMBH
8815/03 MONOMETALLIC PETROL/BTX Pt
8815/05 MONOMETALLIC PETROL/BTX Pt
8819/B BIMETALLIC PETROL/BTX Pt/Re
8823 BIMETALLIC/SKEWED PETROL/BTX Pt/Re
8842 CCR PETROL/BTX Pt/Sn
Contd
CATALYST CATALYST APPLICATI ACTIVE
DESIGNATION0 TYPE ON AGENTS
UNIVERSAL OIL
PRODUCTS
R-30 BIMETALLIC PETROL/B PROPRIET
CCR OR TX ARY
SWING CCR
R-032,034 BIMETALLIC PETROL/B PROPRIET
CCR OR TX ARY
SWING CCR
R-50,-51,-56 BIMETALLIC PETROL/B Pt/Re
TX
R-60,-62 BIMETALLIC PETROL/B Pt/Re
TX
R-132,-134 BIMETALLIC PETROL/B PROPRIET
CCR OR TX ARY
SWING CCR
R-72 BIMETALLIC PETROL/B PROPRIET
TX ARY