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Modals

The document discusses the use of modal verbs in English. It explains that modal verbs are used to express meanings like advice, obligation, possibility, probability and speculation about past events. Some common modal verbs are should, must, may, might, could, shall, will, would, can, ought to and need to. The document provides examples of how these modal verbs are used in different contexts like giving advice, expressing rules or likelihood. It also discusses how modal verbs change form depending on whether they are referring to the present or past.

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Alexander James Mckean
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375 views21 pages

Modals

The document discusses the use of modal verbs in English. It explains that modal verbs are used to express meanings like advice, obligation, possibility, probability and speculation about past events. Some common modal verbs are should, must, may, might, could, shall, will, would, can, ought to and need to. The document provides examples of how these modal verbs are used in different contexts like giving advice, expressing rules or likelihood. It also discusses how modal verbs change form depending on whether they are referring to the present or past.

Uploaded by

Alexander James Mckean
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modals

4ESO
What are modal verbs?
Modal verbs
Want, Need, Must, Have to, May, Might, Could etc.
Part 1 ADVICE,
OBLIGATION AND
NECESSITY
SHOULD AND OUGHT TO.
Should and Ought to = Giving advice.

If you need help, you SHOULD ask.

You OUGHT TO see a doctor.


MUST AND HAVE TO/ MUSTNT
Must and Have to = Obligation/Strong advice.

You have to wear formal clothes to an interview.

Mustnt = Something that is not allowed/Strong negative advice.

You musnt miss that Italian restaurant, its amazing!


DONT HAVE TO/DONT NEED TO/NEEDNT
Dont have to/ Dont need to/ Neednt = Lack of obligation or necessity.

You dont have to bring your lunch today, we are going out to a restaurant.
BE SUPPOSED TO
Be supposed to = Rules/Things people believe to happen or that are true.

You are supposed to bring your PE kit to school.

Its supposed to rain tomorrow.


Complete exercise 1 p.g 129 in the grammar builder.
PART 2 POSSIBILITY,
PROBABLITY AND
CERTAINTY.
MAY, MIGHT, COULD
May, might, could = To speculate about future events.

They might finish their project today.

She may not come back tomorrow.


SHOULD/MUST/CANT
Should = To say something is likely to happen.

We should finish unit 3 next week.

Must = To talk about things we are sure are true.

He must be at work, its 10am.

Cant = To talk about things we think are impossible.

He cant be at work, its 10pm.


BE ABLE TO/CAN/COULD
Be able to = Strong possibility in the future.

When I go home, Ill be able to see if I have any messages.

Can/Could = General truths/Strong posibilities.

The competition could be finished now.


Exercise 2 p.g. 129.
PART 3 MODALS
IN THE PAST
MAY HAVE/MIGHT HAVE/COULD HAVE
May/Might/Could have = To speculate about the past.

Alice isnt here, she could have gone to her sisters house.

Could/May/Might have + past participle.

We can use the negative MAY NOT and MIGHT NOT however, we cannot use
COULDNT HAVE to speculate about the past.
SHOULD HAVE/OUGHT TO HAVE
Should have/Shouldnt have/Ought to have = To talk about the right or wrong
way to behave in the past.

You should have listened to me.

You ought to have bought the tickets earlier.

Should have/Shouldnt have/Ought to have + past participle.


MIGHT HAVE/COULD HAVE
Might have/Could have = To say something that should have been done.

You could have told me it was your birthday!


MUST HAVE/CANT HAVE/COULDNT HAVE
Must have/Cant/Couldnt have = To make logical deductions

He cant have finished his homework, he was playing the PS4 all day yesterday.

They must have arrived already, it only is a two hour trip.


SHOULD HAVE/WAS SUPPOSED TO
Should have/Was supposed to = To talk about things that we expect to have
happened.

You were supposed to go to Lucys house at 1pm.

You should have finished by now.


NEEDNT HAVE/DIDNT NEED TO
Neednt have = An action in the past that was unecessary.

You neednt have brought food. I have ordered pizza for us.

Didnt need to = To say an action was unecessary whether it happened or not.

I didnt need to go to the supermarket because my friend took me out for dinner.

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