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Relational Data Modeling: Presented By: Samarth B. Pandya

This document discusses relational data modeling and normalization. It defines normalization as the process of structuring a database to reduce data redundancy and ensure data integrity. The document outlines the concepts of first normal form, second normal form, and third normal form, which involve separating data into tables and defining relationships between them. It also discusses key database concepts like primary keys, foreign keys, and referential integrity. The goal of normalization is to structure data for efficient querying while avoiding data issues like insertion, deletion, and update anomalies.

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86 views18 pages

Relational Data Modeling: Presented By: Samarth B. Pandya

This document discusses relational data modeling and normalization. It defines normalization as the process of structuring a database to reduce data redundancy and ensure data integrity. The document outlines the concepts of first normal form, second normal form, and third normal form, which involve separating data into tables and defining relationships between them. It also discusses key database concepts like primary keys, foreign keys, and referential integrity. The goal of normalization is to structure data for efficient querying while avoiding data issues like insertion, deletion, and update anomalies.

Uploaded by

samarthmba
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Relational Data Modeling

Presented By :
Samarth B. Pandya
What is Normalization

 Normalization is the process of creating an


efficient, reliable, flexible & appropriate relational
structure to storing information.

 In the field of relational


database design, normalization is a systematic way
of ensuring that a database structure is suitable
for general-purpose querying and free of certain
undesirable characteristics—insertion, update, and
deletion anomalies—that could lead to a loss
of data integrity
 Normalization usually involves dividing a database
in to two or more tables and defining relation
between the tables.

 As the relation is created between database tables


it becomes relational database.
What is Relational Database?
 Multiple tables
 Single subject tables
 Relational Joins between tables
Examples of Relational
Database
• Microsoft Access
• Microsoft SQL Server
• Oracle
What Constitute the Relational
Database
 Key Fields
 Primary Key
 Foreign Key (Secondary Key)

 Relationships
 One-to-One
 One-to-Many
 Many-to-Many
Why Use a Relational
Database?

 Eliminates Duplicate Rows.


 Assist in looking up data.
 Simpler to manipulate data.
 To Reduce Disk Space.
Back to Normalization
 Type Of Normalization

 First Normal Form (1NF)


Second Normal Form (2NF)
Third Normal Form (3NF)
First Normal Form (1NF)
 Basic Rule
All the columns should be Atomic
Means: No Repeating items in column

Solution:
Make a separate table of each set of
attributes with primary key & foreign key
relationship.
Second Normal Form (2NF)
 Basic Rule
Every non-key column is fully dependent
on the primary key.
Means: Repeating fields must be
separated in new table
Third Normal Form (3NF)
 Basic Rule
 In 2NF every non-key column is mutually
independent
Means: Calculations must not be in tables

Solution:
Any type of mathematical calculations must not
be in database, it must be in queries.
What After 3NF??
• BCNF (More restricted version of 3NF)
• 4NF
• 5NF
Primary Key
 Unique identifier for every row in the table.
 It is the constraint on the table.
 Not Null
Foreign Key
 Primary Key of the Parent’s table.
 It provide reference between parent & child
table
Referential Integrity
• Every piece of Primary key & foreign key
data provides referential integrity.

• The major benefits it provides are of Data


integrity such as Cascade delete, cascade
update etc.
De Normalization
• De normalization is the process of
attempting to optimize the read
performance of a database by adding
redundant data or by grouping data.
Thank you

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