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A First Glance at Rotor Dynamics: (Last Updated 2011-09-06)

This document provides an introduction to rotor dynamics and critical speeds by examining a simple example of a rotating shaft carrying a disk. It shows that the critical speed, where resonance occurs, is equal to the eigenfrequency of bending vibrations. While the example makes simplifying assumptions, it demonstrates that finding critical speeds involves determining the bending natural frequency of the rotor system. In reality, dynamics are more complex due to bearing behavior and gyroscopic effects.

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Sara Ben Amara
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54 views5 pages

A First Glance at Rotor Dynamics: (Last Updated 2011-09-06)

This document provides an introduction to rotor dynamics and critical speeds by examining a simple example of a rotating shaft carrying a disk. It shows that the critical speed, where resonance occurs, is equal to the eigenfrequency of bending vibrations. While the example makes simplifying assumptions, it demonstrates that finding critical speeds involves determining the bending natural frequency of the rotor system. In reality, dynamics are more complex due to bearing behavior and gyroscopic effects.

Uploaded by

Sara Ben Amara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A first glance at rotor dynamics

(last updated 2011-09-06)

Kjell Simonsson 1
Aim

The aim of this presentation is to give a first glance at rotor dynamics,


which is a very important topic in many industrial applications.
We will here only introduce the concept of a critical speed of a rotating
shaft, and note that it is numerically equal to the eigenfrequency at
bending vibration. The presentation will be done by studying a specific
example.
For a more comprehensive treatment of the subject, see any book on
machine design or rotor dynamics, e.g. Svängningslära med
rotordynamik by Karl-Olof Olsson (in Swedish)

Kjell Simonsson 2
A simple example

Let us consider a rotor (rotating shaft) carrying a circular disk at its end.
The bearing support can be considered rather stiff, such that that the rotor
can be considered clamped when considering its stiffness. Finally, the
disk has a small eccentricity, such that the centre of gravity is located a
distance e outside the centre of the disk.

EIL m
e

When the rotor spins, the eccentricity will make it bend. By making the
assumption that the rotor will spin like a rigid body, we find the following
free body diagram of the disk, where x is the end deflection of the shaft.

EIL
m
x
e
S
Kjell Simonsson S 3
A simple example

For the radial equation of motion for the disk we now have

 m 2 ( x  e )   S 
SL3 3 EI     2 x  k x   2 e 
x  S  3 x m
3 EI L  
k  e2,bend

2 As can be seen, the deflections of the shaft will


xe become infinite when the applied speed is equal to
e2,bend   2 the eigenfrequency for bending vibrations. Since
there will always exist some eccentricity in reality,
we will get resonance at this speed. However, in
reality some damping will always be existing, thus
making the resonance amplitudes finite.
EIL
m
x
e
S
Kjell Simonsson S 4
Summary

• In order to find the critical speed of a rotor it is sufficient to do a


bending analysis of the same system
• In reality the behavior of the bearings and the effect of gyroscopic
moments may be of importance. The motion of the shaft may in these
cases be much more complex than the found above (where the shaft is
not subjected to any time varying loading, i.e. suffers no risk for fatigue
failure).

Kjell Simonsson 5

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