Padasalai

PHP Function and Array

05 CHAPTER

MOHAMED FAKRUDEEN
PGT-COMPUTER SCIENCE
SHAMROCK MATRIC. HR. SEC. SCHOOL
MOGAPPAIR, CHENNAI-107
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• To understand the importance of Functions

concept in PHP

• To know the types of functions concept in PHP

• To know the basics of array concepts

• To know the types of Arrays concept in PHP

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What is Function?
• In most of the programming language, a block of
segment in a program that performs a specific
operation tasks such as
▫ Insert
▫ Execute
▫ Delete
▫ Calculate etc.
• This segment is also known as Function.
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What is Function? (Cont…)

• A Function is a type of sub routine or procedure
in a program.
• A Function will be executed by a call to the
Function and the Function returns any data type
values or NULL value to called Function in the
part of respective program
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Types of functions
• The Function can be divided in to three types as
follows
▫ User defined Function
▫ Pre-defined or System or built-in Function
▫ Parameterized Function.
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User defined Function

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User Defined Function

• User Defined Function (UDF) in PHP gives a

privilege to user to write own specific operation
inside of existing program module.
• Two important steps the Programmer has to
create for users define Functions are:
▫ Function Declaration
▫ Function Calling
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Function Declaration

• A user-defined Function declaration begins with

the keyword “function”.
• User can write any custom logic inside the
function block.
• Syntax:
function functionName()
{
Custom Logic code to be executed;
}
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Function Calling
• A function declaration part will be executed by a
call to the function.
• Programmer has to create Function Calling part
inside the respective program.
• Syntax:
▫ functionName();
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Example - Program
<?php
function insertMsg()
{
echo “Student Details Inserted Successfully!”;
}
insertMsg(); // call the function
?>
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Parameterized Function
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Parameterized Function
• Required information can be shared between
function declaration and function calling part
inside the program.
• The parameter is also called as arguments, it is
like variables.
• The arguments are mentioned after the function
name and inside of the parenthesis.
• There is no limit for sending arguments, just
separate them with a comma notation.
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Example – Program 1
The following example has a function with one Argument ($sfname):

<?php
function School_Name($sname)
{
echo $sname.”in Tamilnadu.<br>”;
}
School_Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Madurai”);
School_Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Trichy”);
School_Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Chennai”);
School_Name (“Government Higher Secondary School
Kanchipuram”);
School_Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Tirunelveli”);
?>
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Example – Program 2
The following example has a function with two arguments ($sname and $Strength):

<?php
function School_Name($sname,$Strength) {
echo $sname.”in Tamilnadu and Student Strength is”.$Strength;
}
School_Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Madurai”,200);
School_Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Trichy”,300);
School_Name (“Government Higher Secondary School Chennai”,250);
School_Name (“Government Higher Secondary School
Kanchipuram”,100);
School_Name (“Government Higher Secondary School
Tirunelveli”,200);
?>
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Example - Program3
For a function to return a value, use the return statement

<?php
function sum($x, $y) {
$z = $x + $y;
return $z;
}
echo “5 + 10 = “ . sum(5, 10) . “<br>”;
echo “7 + 13 = “ . sum(7, 13) . “<br>”;
echo “2 + 4 = “ . sum(2, 4);
?>
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ARRAYS IN PHP
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What are arrays?

• Array is a concept that stores more than one
value of same data type (homogeneous) in single
array variable.

• They are 3 types of array concepts in PHP.

▫ Indexed Arrays,
▫ Associative Array and
▫ Multi-Dimensional Array.
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Indexed Arrays
• Arrays with numeric index for the available
values in array variable which contains key
• value pair as user / developer can take the values
using keys.
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Array Syntax:
• Array defines with the keyword array()
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Example:
<?php
$teacher_name=array(“Iniyan”, “Kavin”,
“Nilani”);
echo “The students name are “ .
$teacher_name[0] . “, “ . $$teacher_name[1] . “
and “ .
$teacher_name[2] . “.”;
?>
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• Associative arrays are a key-value pair data

structure. Instead of having storing data in a
• linear array, with associative arrays you can
store your data in a collection and assign it a
• unique key which you may use for referencing
your data.
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array(key=>value,key=>value,key=>value,etc.);

•key = Specifies the key (numeric or string)

•value = Specifies the value
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Example:
<?php
$Marks=array(“Student1”=>“35”,“Student2”=>“1
7”,“Student3”=>“43”);
echo “Student1 mark is” . $Marks[‘Student1’] . “ is
eligible for qualification”;
echo “Student2 mark is” . $Marks[‘Student2’] . “ is
not eligible for qualification”;
?>
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Multidimensional Arrays
• A multidimensional array is an array containing
one or more arrays.
• PHP understands multidimensional arrays that
are two, three, four, five, or more levels deep.
• However, arrays more than three levels deep are
hard to manage for most people.
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<?php// A two-dimensional array

$student=array
(
array(“Iniyan”,100,96),
array(“Kavin”,60,59),
array(“Nilani”,1313,139)
• );
• echo $$student[0][0].”: Tamil Mark: “.$student [0][1].”.
English mark: “.$student [0]
• [2].”<br>”;
• echo $$student[1][0].”: Tamil Mark: “.$student [1][1].”.
English mark: “.$student [1]
• [2].”<br>”;
• echo $$student[2][0].”: Tamil Mark: “.$student [2][1].”.
English mark: “.$student [2]
• [2].”<br>”;
• ?>
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POINTS TO REMEMBER
• PHP Functions are Reducing duplication of code
• PHP Functions are Decomposing complex problems
into simpler pieces
• PHP Functions are Improving clarity of the code
• PHP Functions are Reuse of code
• PHP Functions are Information hiding
• PHP arrays are using For each looping concepts
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