Web Introduction
Internet
The internet is a massive network of networks, a networking
infrastructure.
It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in
which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as
they are both connected to the internet.
Information that travels over the internet does so via a variety of languages
known as protocols.
World Wide Web
The World Wide Web, or simply web, is a way of accessing information
over the medium of the internet.
The web uses the HTTP or HTTPs, well known protocol over the internet, to
transmit data.
The web also utilizes browsers, such as, Internet Explorer or Firefox to access
webpages that are linked to each other via hyperlinks. Web pages can also
contain graphics, sounds, text and videos.
World Wide Web and Internet
People often use the words 'internet' and 'web' interchangeably
This usage is technically incorrect.
Web is just one part of internet
The internet — not the web — is also used for email, instant messages, newsgroups
and file transfers.
The web is a large portion of the internet but it isn't all of it.
Important Terms
Web Page
A document which can be displayed in a web browser such as Firefox, Google
Chrome, Opera, Microsoft Internet Explorer or Edge, or Apple's Safari. These are
also often called just "pages."
Website
A collection of web pages which are grouped together and usually connected
together in various ways. Often called a "web site" or simply a "site."
Web Server
A computer that hosts a website on the Internet.
What is a URL?
URL is an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator and is a reference (an
address) to a resource on the Internet.
A URL has two main components:
Protocol identifier: For the URL http://example.com, the protocol identifier is http.
Resource name: For the URL http://example.com, the resource name is
example.com.
URL Scheme
Web Architecture
A number of architectures for specific requirement in several application
domain have been developed.
For web application architecture, usually we consider layered
architecture.
Three layer architecture
Two layer architecture
Two Layer Architecture
Two Layer Architecture
Presents architecture in two layers:
Layer 1: Client platform, hosting a web browser
Layer 2: server platform, hosting all server software components
Also called client/server architecture
Client directly send request to the server
Three Layer Architecture
Three Layer Architecture
Web Servers
Web server refers to server software, or hardware dedicated to running said
software, that can serve contents to the World Wide Web
The primary function of a web server is to store, process and deliver web
pages to clients
The communication between client and server takes place using
the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
A user agent, commonly a web browser or web crawler, initiates
communication by making a request for a specific resource using HTTP and
the server responds with the content of that resource or an error message if
unable to do so.
Client Side Technologies vs Server Side
Technologies
Client Side Technologies
Works at the front end and script are visible among the users.
Does not need interaction with the server.
Works for Static Web
Can reduce the load to the server.
HTML, CSS, JavaScript, etc.
Server Side Technologies
Works in the back end which could not be visible at the client end.
Requires server interaction.
Works for Dynamic Web
Could effectively customize the web pages and provide dynamic websites.
PHP, ASP.net, Ruby on Rails, ColdFusion, Python etc.
Client Side Languages
HTML: It is the fundamental building blocks of web programming which
provides the frame to the website. It describes the arrangement of the
content.
CSS: CSS provides the way to design the graphic elements which help in
making the appearance of the web application more attractive.
JavaScript: It is also a client-side scripting language which essentially devised
for the specific purpose, but currently there are various JavaScript
frameworks used as server-side scripting technology.
AJAX: Ajax refers to a collection of standards-based and open source browser
technologies. While a classic web application refreshes the entire web page
with each response from the server, an Ajax-enabled web application allows
small amounts of data and UI markup to be returned from the server and
rendered in the browser without refreshing the entire page.
Bootstrap: CSS provides the way to design the graphic elements which help in
making the appearance of the web application more attractive.
Server Side Languages
PHP: It is the most prevalent server-side language used on the web which was
designed to extract and manipulate information in the database. The
language is used in association with SQL language for the Database. It is used
in Facebook, WordPress and Wikipedia.
Python: The language is fast and contains shorter code. It is good for
beginners as it concentrates on the readability and simplicity of the code.
Python functions well in the object-oriented environment and used in famous
sites like Youtube, Google, etc.
Ruby: It contains complex logic which packages the back-end with database
utility which can also be provided by PHP and SQL.
Text Editors
Notepad++
Adobe Dreamviewer
Sublime Text
PHP Storm
