PREPARED BY
SACHIN VERMA
E.C
0712831093
INTRODUCTION
WHY TO GO TO MOON
HISTORY
SPACECRAFT CONFIGURATION
CHANDRAYAAN-1 MISSION OBJECTIVES
PAYLOADS
SPECIFICATION
LAUNCH VEHICLE
SPECIFIC AREAS OF STUDY
SPACEFLIGHT
MAN BEHIND THE MISSION
Why go to the moon?
The origin of the moon is still not clearly understood and there have been
several speculations.
Outpost for further planetary exploration and possible human settlements.
To find the presence of water on moon.
Apart from scientific interest moon could have economic benefits to mankind
and could be of strategic importance
1.The moon surface has about one million tonnes of helium-3.
2.Moon contains 10 times more energy in helium-3 than all the fossil fuels on the
earth.
3.helium-3 is believed to be the fuel of the future.
HISTORY
Chandrayaan-1, journey to moon
The spacecraft was launched by a modified version of the PSLV Xl on 22
October 2008 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, Andhra
Pradesh. "Chandrayaan" roughly translates to "lunar-sojourn" in many
Indian languages.
The spacecraft was successfully launched on 22 October 2008 at 06:23
IST (00:52 UTC). The estimated cost for the project is Rs.3.86 billion
(US$ 80 million).
The mission includes five ISRO payloads and six payloads from other
international space agencies including NASA, ESA, and the Bulgarian
Aerospace Agency, which are being carried free of cost.
Chandrayaan -1 (configuration)
Organization Indian Space Research Organization
Mission type Orbiter
Satellite of Moon
Launch date 22 October 2008 from Sriharikota, India
Launch vehicle PSLV-C11
Mission duration 2 years
NSSDC ID 2008-052A
Home page Chandrayaan-1
Mass 523 kg (1,153 lb)
Objectives
The stated scientific objectives of the mission are:
To design, develop and launch and orbit a spacecraft around the
Moon using Indian made launch vehicle.
Conduct scientific experiments using instruments on-board the
spacecraft which will yield the following results:
To prepare a three-dimensional atlas (with high spatial and altitude
resolution of 5-10 m) of both near and far side of the moon.
To conduct chemical and mineralogical mapping of the entire lunar
surface for distribution of mineral and chemical elements such as
Magnesium, Aluminum, Silicon, Calcium, Iron and Titanium as well as
high atomic number elements such as Radon, Uranium & Thorium
with high spatial resolution.
To Impact a sub-satellite ( Moon Impact Probe -MIP ) on the surface
on the Moon as a fore-runner to future soft landing missions.
1.Payloads (Indian)
The Terrain Mapping Camera (TMC)
The Hyper Spectral Imager (HySI)
The Lunar Laser Ranging Instrument (LLRI)
A High Energy X-ray/gamma ray spectrometer (HEX)
for 30- 200 keV measurements.
The Moon Impact Probe (MIP) developed by the
ISRO.
2.Payloads (Foreign )
SARA.
M3, the Moon Mineralogy Mapper from Brown University.
SIR-2, from ESA.
MINSAR, designed, built and tested for NASA.
RADOM-7, Radiation Dose Monitor Experiment from the
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
Payloads
Specifications
Mass
1380 kg at launch, 675 kg at lunar orbit,
and 523 kg after releasing the impactor.
Dimensions
Cuboid in shape of approximately 1.5 m
Communications
X band, 0.7 m diameter parabolic
antenna for payload data transmission.
The Telemetry, Tracking & Command
(TTC) communication operates in S
band frequency.
Power
The spacecraft is mainly powered by its
solar array generating 700 W of power,
stored in a 36 A·h Lithium-ion.
PSLV-C11(in the picture) was
used to launch Chandrayaan-
1.
Specific areas of study
High-resolution mineralogical and
chemical imaging of permanently
shadowed north and south polar
regions.
Search for surface or sub-surface
water-ice on the Moon, specially at
lunar poles.
Identification of chemical end
members of lunar high land rocks.
Observation of X-ray spectrum
greater than 10 keV and
stereographic coverage of most of the
Moon's surface with 5m resolution
To provide new insights in
understanding the Moon's origin and
evolution.
Chandrayaan-1 launch
Since its launch, Chandrayaan has performed several engine burns,
moving it into the designated geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) around
earth and has successfully communicated with base center.
Chandrayaan-1 completed four orbits around the Earth, on 23 October
The first orbit-raising maneuver of Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft was
performed at 09:00 hrs IST. In this orbit, Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft
takes about 11 hours to go round the Earth once.
The second orbit-raising manoeuvre of Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft was
carried out on 25 October 2008 at 05:48 IST. In this orbit, Chandrayaan-
1 spacecraft takes about twenty-five and a half hours to go round the
Earth once.
This is the first time an Indian spacecraft has gone beyond the 36,000
km high geostationary orbit and reached an altitude more than twice that
height.
The third orbit-raising manoeuvre was initiated on 26 October 2008
at 07:08 IST. In this orbit, Chandrayaan-1 takes about 73 hours to go
round the Earth once.
The fourth orbit-raising manoeuvre was carried out on October 29,
2008 at 07:38 IST. In this orbit, the spacecraft takes about six days
to go round the Earth once.
Men behind the mission
The scientists considered instrumental to the success of the
Chandrayaan-1 project are
G. Madhavan Nair – Chairman, Indian Space Research Organisation
T. K. Alex – Director, ISAC (ISRO Satellite Centre)
Mylswamy Annadurai – Project director
S. K. Shivkumar – Director - Telemetry, Tracking and Command
Network.
George Koshi –Mission Director
Srinivasa Hegde – Mission Director
M Y S Prasad – Associate Director of the Sriharikota Complex and
Range Operations Director
J N Goswami – Director of the Ahmedabad-based Physical Research
Laboratory and Principal Scientific Investigator of Chandrayaan-1
Narendra Bhandari – Head, ISRO`s Planetary Sciences and
Exploration program.
Areas of study
Image-1 The first image taken at 8:00 am
IST from a height of 9,000 km
shows the Northern coast of
Australia.
Image-2
The second image taken at
12:30 pm from a height of
70,000 km shows Australia’s
Southern Coast.
