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Kinds of Critical Approach: Writing A Reaction Paper

The document outlines different approaches to critically analyzing literature, including feminist, reader response, historical/biographical, moral/philosophical, mimetic, Marxist, formalist/new criticism, psychological, Freudian, Jungian, and mythological/archetypal/symbolic approaches. The feminist approach examines the impact of gender on writing and reading. Reader response criticism emphasizes the reader's role in constructing meaning from a work. Historical/biographical criticism sees works as reflections of authors' lives and times. Other approaches consider morality, realism, economics, close textual analysis, psychology, and archetypes.

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FLORABEL REBAMONTE
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61 views14 pages

Kinds of Critical Approach: Writing A Reaction Paper

The document outlines different approaches to critically analyzing literature, including feminist, reader response, historical/biographical, moral/philosophical, mimetic, Marxist, formalist/new criticism, psychological, Freudian, Jungian, and mythological/archetypal/symbolic approaches. The feminist approach examines the impact of gender on writing and reading. Reader response criticism emphasizes the reader's role in constructing meaning from a work. Historical/biographical criticism sees works as reflections of authors' lives and times. Other approaches consider morality, realism, economics, close textual analysis, psychology, and archetypes.

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FLORABEL REBAMONTE
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KINDS OF CRITICAL

APPROACH
WRITING A REACTION PAPER,
WHAT IS A REACTION
PAPER/REVIEW/CRITIQUE?

• A reaction paper is just what its name


suggest – a paper explaining your reaction to
any piece of literature.
PURPOSES OF WRITING REVIEWS

• TO HELP US RESOLVE A QUESTION, PROBLEM, OR


DIFFICULTY IN THE READING
• TO HELP US DECIDE WHICH IS THE BETTER OF TWO
CONFLICTING READINGS
• TO ENABLE US TO FORM JUDGEMENTS ABOUT
LITERATURE.
FEMINIST APPROACH

• IT IS CONCERNED WITH THE IMPACT OF GENDER ON


WRITING AND READING.
• IT IS POLITICAL AND OFTEN REVISIONIST. FEMINIST OFTEN
ARGUE THAT GENDER DETERMINES EVERYTHING, OR JUST
THE OPPOSITE,: THAT ALL GENDER DIFFERENCES ARE
IMPOSED BY SOCIETY, AND GENDER DETERMINES NOTHING
READER RESPONSE CRITICISM

• IT PLACES STRONG EMPHASIS ON THE READER’S ROLDE IN


PRODUCING THE MEANING OF A LITERARY WORK. IT IS IN
SOME SENSES. IT IS THE OPPOSITE OF FORMALISM.
• AN EXAMPLE FOR THIS IS THE STORY OF THE PRODIGAL
SON IN THE NEW TESTAMENT.
HISTORICAL/BIOGRAPHICAL APPROACH

• HISTORICAL CRITICS SEE WORKS AS THE REFLECTION OF


AN AUTHOR’S LIFE AND TIMES (OR OF THE CHARACTER’S
LIFE AND TIMES)
MORAL/PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH

• IT IS THEIR BELIEF THAT THE LARGER PURPOSE OF


LITERATURE IS TO TEACH MORALITY AND TO PROBE
PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES.
MIMETIC APPROACH

• THESE CRITICS ASK HOW WELL THE WORK OF LITERATURE


ACCORDS WITH THE REAL WORLD. IS IT ACCURATE? IS IT
CORRECT? IS IT MORAL? DOES IT SHOW HOW PEOPLE
REALLY ACT?
MARXIST PERSPECTIVE

• IT IS THE STUDY OF THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE UPPER,


LOWER AND MIDDLE CLASS. THE BASIS OF THIS
PERSPECTIVE IS ECONOMICS. MARX FOUND THAT
ECONOMICS IS THE DRIVING FORCE BEHIND SOCIETY.
FORMALISM/NEW CRITICISM

• IT INVOLVES A CLOSE READING OF THE TEXT. THEY


BELIEVE THAT ALL INFORMATION IS ESSENTIAL TO THE
INTERPRETATION OF A WORK MUST BE FOUND WITHIN THE
WORK ITSELF; THERE IS NO NEED TO BRING IN OUTSIDE
INFORMATION ABOUT THE HISTORY, POLITICS OR
SOCIETYOF THE TIME, OR ABOUT THE AUTHOR’S LIFE.
PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH

• WORKS THROUGH THE LENSE OF PSYCHOLOGY. THEY


LOOK EITHER AT THE PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVATIONS OF
THE CHARACTERS OR OF THE AUTHORS THEMSELVES,
ALTHOUGH THE FORMER IS GENERALLY CONSIDERED A
MORE RESPECTABLE
FREUDIAN APPROACH

• IT OFTEN INCLUDES PINPOINTING THE INFLUENCES OF A


CHARACTER’S id(the instinctual pleasure seeking part of
the mind). Superego (the part of the mind that represses
the id’s impulses)
JUNGIAN APPROACH

• Jung is also an influential force in myth (archetypal)


criticism. Psychological critics are generally concerned with
his concept of the process of individuation (the process of
discovering what makes one different from everyone else)
• Jung labeled three parts of the self: the shadow, or the
darker, unconscious self (usually the villain in literature); the
persona, or a man’s social personality (usually the hero); and
the anima, or a man’s “soul image” (usually the heroine)
MYTHOLOGICAL/ARCHETYPAL/SYMBOLIC
APPROACH

• “SYMBOLIC” APPROACHES MAY ALSO FALL UNDER THE


CATEGORY OF FORMALISM BECAUSE THEY INVOLVE A
CLOSE READING OF THE TEXT. THIS APPROACH ASSUMES
THAT THERE IS A COLLECTION OF SYMBOLS, IMAGES
CHARACTERS, AND MOTIFS ,THAT EVOKES BASICALLY THE
SAME RESPONSE IN ALL PEOPLE.

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