Introduction to Health

Services Management
Applying Management Concepts
in Health Services
 Learning Objectives :
we will try to cover the followings...
 Management Definitions.
 Management Functions.
 Who is Manager?
 Types of Managers.
 Management skills.
 Levels of Management.
 Health Services Management Definition.
 Characteristics of Health Services
 Challenges.

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Health Services Management
 Management

 Health Services

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Definitions of Management:
No single definition of management has been universally
accepted. Some popular definitions are:
• Management is the art of getting things done through
people.
• Management is getting the right things done at the right
time.
• Management is the process that involves the guidance
or direction of a group of people towards achieving
organizational goals .

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Management(contd):
• Management is the process of getting things done
effectively and efficiently with and through people.

– Effectively:
• Doing the Right things: the tasks that help an
organization reach its goals.

– Efficiently:
• Doing things right: the efficient use of resources like
men, money , materials etc.

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Management:

 Management comprises planning, organizing,

leading and controlling an organization to
accomplish the goal. Resourcing encompasses
the deployment and manipulation of human
resources, financial resources, technological
resources, and natural resources. Management is
also an academic discipline, a social science
whose objective is to study social organization.

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Key Functions of Management:
– Planning.

– Organizing.

– Leading .

– Controlling.

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Key functions of Management
Planning:
Defining the organizational goal and ways to achieve it.
Organizing:
Arranging materials and structuring work to accomplish
organizational goal.
Leading :
Directing the work activities of others.
Controlling:
Monitoring, comparing, and correcting work performance.

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Manager
 1.Managers are the people responsible for managing the
organization’s resources to meet it’s goals.
◦ Human Resources: People
◦ Financial Resources: Money , Investments.
◦ Technological Resources:,Information systems , equipments,
machines
◦ Natural Resources:Land, light,water etc.

 2.Individuals in organizations who direct the activities of others.

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 Types of Managers:
 General Managers:

focuses on the entire business as a whole (a top-down organizational view).

A general manager is responsible for all areas and oversees all of the firm's
functions and day-to-day business operations. The general manager has to
communicate with all departments to make sure the organization
performs well.

 Functional Managers:

Is a person who has management authority over an organizational unit—

such as a department e.g HR,Finance etc..—within an organization.

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Management Skills:
 Conceptual Skills:
◦ The ability to understand concepts, develop ideas
, and implement strategies.

 Human Skills:
◦ The ability to interact and motivate people.

 Technical Skills:
◦ The knowledge and proficiency in performing an
activity in the correct manner with the right
technique.

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Levels Of Management:
Top
Managers

Middle
Managers

First-Line Managers

Nonmanagerial employees

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Levels of Management Contd.
Organizations often have 3 levels of management:

 Top Managers: Make decisions about the direction of the organization.

They are responsible for the performance of all departments.

 Middle Managers: They supervise first-line managers , and responsible to

find the best way to use departmental resources to achieve goals.

 First-Line Managers: Direct non-managerial employees. They are

responsible for day-to-day operation. They supervise the people performing
the activities required to make the services.

Non managerial employees: People who work directly on a job or task and
have no responsibilities of overseeing the work of others.

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Health services

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Health Services Management:
• Is the field relating to management of hospital,
hospital networks and health care system.

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Health Services Management:

• Is known by many names, including:

– Health Management
– Healthcare Management
– Health Systems Management
– Health Care Systems Management
– Medical and Health Services Management

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Definition of Health Services
Management:

 The American society of hospitals:

◦ “Health management is the planning, organizing, directing and
controlling and coordinating the resources and procedures and
methods by which is to meet the needs and the demand for
health and medical care services and to provide a healthy
environment through the provision of health care services to
consumers as individuals, groups and society as a whole. "

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Why Health Services Management
is Different?
Health care organizations have some Special
Features that differentiate them from business
organizations .

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What are some special features?
 Health care organizations deals with vital issues of life,

illness and death, which cause anxiety, tension and

deep emotion.

 The work requires various individual skills and forms

of care. It is essentially a human service.

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 (contd..)
 Health care organizations have to change frequently in response
to new patterns of illness, modified equipment and techniques,
rising public expectations, i.e. change is part of their organizational
culture.

 Complexity, having different departments and professions, makes it

not easy to supervise and control.

 Relatively expensive, so come under pressure to be managed as

economically as possible.

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Characteristics of the Health
services sector:
 The individual nature of health services : Each health service has
to be adapted , planned, delivered according to the need of each
individual (Patient).

 The Personal and individual nature of health services, make the

daily work at the institution different and complex ,

 The high degree of specialization in the health sector: specialized

elements (professors) have great influence and power over other
elements (paramedics and nurses) .

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(Contd…)

 The demand for health services increases with the development of

civilization of a society.

 Health Service are not subject to the law of supply and demand,
the demand for health service always remains more than supply.
Demand for health service is often an emergency and urgent and
can not be postponed.

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The main Requirements of a Health
Services Manager:
 To be a planner, coordinator.
 To be a leader and motivator .
 To be a good observer of the work and activities.
 Be an ideal model for all employees.
 To be a good decision maker.
 To use resources efficiently and effectively in health
organizations .

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 Health Services Management
Process:

Input Activities Output

Feedback

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Elements of Health Services
Management Process:
 Input:
 Resources (…) , cultural variables, rules and regulations .

 Activities:
◦ Management functions

 Output:

◦ services, research, training, recovery, non-healing , bad impression or reputation

of health organizations.

 Feedback:
◦ Information on differences between the standards and outputs .

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Environmental forces affecting the
Health Services Management :
• The Total Environment Forces (public and external):
– legal (laws and regulations)
– political
– cultural ,
– economic
– social (population ).

• The health environment forces (private and internal):

– The level of health education of workers and technology

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 Challenges in Health Services Mgmt:
 Environmental Changes .
 limited resources available against the huge demand for these resources.
 Health director is always required to offer a lot of services using little
available resources.
 High expectations of consumers of health services - in general,
dissatisfaction with the quality of services and the cost of these services.
 The continuous rise of the cost of service along with the dissatisfaction in
consumers is a great challenge in finding ways to funding health services, .
 Building competitive advantage through superior efficiency, quality,
innovation, and responsiveness.

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Contd..
 Dissatisfaction from providers of health services,

particularly doctors and nurses -dissatisfaction because

of work pressure,working conditions and low wages.

 Ethical ,social, and professional considerations place

restrictions and impediments to focus on economic

efficiency considerations.

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Management and
Administration
Management and Administration are so
interwoven that they may be considered
as administrative and operational
functions of management itself.
 Administrative management :Top
level/Policy making, planning and decision
making.
 Operational management :Mid- lower
level /Implementation,supervision and
control.
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Thanks

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