Thanks to visit codestin.com
Credit goes to www.scribd.com

0% found this document useful (0 votes)
133 views19 pages

Science 9 Chemistry Topic 3

The document discusses the evolution of the concept of elements, starting from ancient Greek philosophers to modern theories in chemistry. Key figures such as Antoine Lavoisier and John Dalton are highlighted for their contributions to the understanding of elements, compounds, and atomic theory. It also outlines various atomic models, including those proposed by Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, and the modern quantum model.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
133 views19 pages

Science 9 Chemistry Topic 3

The document discusses the evolution of the concept of elements, starting from ancient Greek philosophers to modern theories in chemistry. Key figures such as Antoine Lavoisier and John Dalton are highlighted for their contributions to the understanding of elements, compounds, and atomic theory. It also outlines various atomic models, including those proposed by Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, and the modern quantum model.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 19

Unit 2: Matter and Chemical

Change
Science 9
Mrs. Sample
Science 9

WHAT ARE ELEMENTS?


What are Elements?
• Ancient Greek philosophers views of the elements:
– Thought that matter was made out of fire, water, earth
and air.
– These four substances were called “elements”.
– Combinations of the elements had varying properties of
hotness, dryness, coldness and wetness
What are Elements?
• Alchemists view of the elements:
– Performed investigations to try and turn worthless
metals into gold.
– Developed many useful procedures such as
distillation and described the properties of many
materials.
What are Elements?
• The current view of the
elements:
– Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626):
• Published a book stating that
science should be built on
experimental evidence rather
than on thought
What are Elements?
• Robert Boyle (1627-1691):
– Recognized that elements could
combine to form compounds.
– The ideas of Bacon and Boyle
led to the search for elements
Taking Matter Apart
• Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794):
– Devout Catholic
– Widely considered the “Father of
Modern Chemistry”
– Was guillotined during the French
Revolution
Taking Matter Apart
• Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794):
– He defined elements as pure
substances that cannot be
decomposed into simpler substances
by means of a chemical change
– He identified 23 pure substances
Law of Conservation of Mass
• Lavoisier also discovered the Law of
Conservation of Mass:
– In a chemical change, the total mass of the new
substance is always the same as the total mass of the
original substance.
Elements
• A pure substance made up of one type of
particle (atom)
• Each element has its own distinct properties and
cannot be broken down into simpler substances
by means of a chemical change
• Examples?
Compounds
• Pure substances that are made up
of two or more elements
chemically combined together
• Compounds can be broken down into
elements again by chemical means
• Examples?
In Summary
• Elements and compounds are both pure
substances
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
• John Dalton (1766-1844):
– All matter is made up of small particles called
atoms
– Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or divided
into smaller particles
– All atoms of the same element are identical in
mass and size
– Atoms of one element are different in mass and
size from the atoms of other elements
– Compounds are created when atoms of different
elements link together in definite proportions
Laws, Theories, Models and
Observations
Laws:
• Simply describe and summarize what happens
Theories:
• Imaginative ways to explain why something
happens
Laws, Theories, Models and
Observations
The Thomson Model
• AKA The Plum Pudding
Model
• Discovered by JJ Thomson
• He envisioned negatively
charged electrons stuck in the
positively charged mass
The Rutherford Model
• AKA the Planetary Model
• Discovered by Ernest Rutherford
• Almost all of the mass of the atom
was in the centre, called the nucleus
• Tiny electrons orbit the nucleus
• He called the positively charged
particles in the nucleus protons
The Bohr Model
• AKA the Solar System Model
• Discovered by Neils Bohr
• Electrons rotated around the
nucleus like planets around the
sun
• Bohr suggested that electrons
move around the nucleus in fixed
pathways called electron shells
Modern Theory
• AKA the Quantum Model
• Louis de Broglie, Erwin Schrödinger,
and others
• Agreed with Bohr’s theory of electron
levels
• Suggested that there was an area
around the nucleus where electrons
were most likely to be found, called
the “electron cloud”

You might also like