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MHD Power Generation Explained

This document discusses magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation. MHD power generation follows Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, where electrically conducting fluids such as ionized gases or liquid metals crossing magnetic field lines produce a motional electromotive force. There are different types of MHD generators like disc, Hall, and Faraday generators. MHD power generation has advantages like having no moving parts but requires superconducting magnets and heat resistant materials. While standalone MHD generation is not economically viable, it has future applications when combined with other power generation systems.

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190 views23 pages

MHD Power Generation Explained

This document discusses magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) power generation. MHD power generation follows Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, where electrically conducting fluids such as ionized gases or liquid metals crossing magnetic field lines produce a motional electromotive force. There are different types of MHD generators like disc, Hall, and Faraday generators. MHD power generation has advantages like having no moving parts but requires superconducting magnets and heat resistant materials. While standalone MHD generation is not economically viable, it has future applications when combined with other power generation systems.

Uploaded by

deepakS1990
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© © All Rights Reserved
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MHD POWER

GENERATION
By
DEEPAK SATSANGI
PRINCIPLE OF GEN. THERMAL
POWER PLANTS
PRINCIPLE OF DIRECT ENERGY
CONVERSION SYSTEMS
(LIKE M.H.D. SYSTEM)
DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION
SYSTEMS
• PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION SYSTEMS (PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CELLS)

• ELECTROCHEMICAL ENERGY CONVERSION (FUEL CELLS)

• MAGNETO HYDRODYNAMIC GENERATION(MHD)

• ELECTRO GAS DYNAMIC GENERATION(EGD)

• THERMOELECTRIC POWER GENERATION


ALL THERMAL PLANTS FOLLOW
FARADAYS LAW OF ELECTRO-
MAGENTIC INDUCTION
Electrically conducting Body (copper attached to rotating shaft) crosses
lines of magnetic induction
Then, charged particles in conductor move in a direction perpendicular
to both rotating shaft and magnetic field.
This results in motional E.M.F. in a direction perpendicular to both
rotating shaft and magnetic field.
M.H.D. POWER GENERATION FOLLOW
FARADAYS LAW OF ELECTRO-
MAGENTIC INDUCTION
Electrically conducting Body (hot ionized gases/liquid metal) crosses
lines of magnetic induction
Then, charged particles in conductor move in a direction perpendicular
to both flow direction and magnetic field.
This results in motional E.M.F. in a direction perpendicular to both flow
direction and magnetic field.
WORKING FLUIDS

• Ionized Gases(Plasma)(for OPEN- CYCLE & CLOSED-CYCLE PLANTS)

LIQUID METAL(for CLOSED-CYCLE PLANTS)

SEEDED INERT GAS(argon or helium)(for CLOSED-CYCLE PLANTS)


SEEDING
• DONE TO INCREASE ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY OF GAS

• THAT IS ACHIVING GOOD ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY AT LOWER TEMP.

• IT MEANS ADDITION OF POTASSIUM OR SILICON INTO THE GAS.


RECOVERY OF SEEDING
MATERIAL

• IF the gas is exhausted to atmosphere, seeding materials are


recovered, by filtering.
TYPES OF M.H.D. GENERATORS
• DISC TYPE GENERATOR
• HALL GENERATOR
• FARADAY GENERATOR
FARADAY GENERATOR
FARADAY GENERATOR
FARADAY GENERATOR
HALL GENERATOR
HALL GENERATOR
DISK GENERATOR
APPLICATIONS
• on-site power generation in space crafts

• Can be considered in Air-planes and ships

• Combined cycle operation with other power-plants

• Coolant of nuclear power plants may act as plasma for MHD units
ADVANTAGES
• NO MOVING PARTS(MECH. LOSES ARE NIL)

• ABILITY TO REACH FULL POWER LEVEL ALMOST DIRECTLY

• less complicated

• potential to raise conversion efficiency up to 55-60%(in combination)


DISADVANTAGES
RELATIVELY NEW AND LESS-TESTED TECHNOLOGY

SUPER- CONDUCTING MAGNETS HAVE TO BE USED

REQUIRES HEAT RESISTANT NON- CONDUCTING MATERIALS ( around


1000 to 2700 degree C)
FUTURE SCOPE
• POSSIBLE USE IN A COMBINED CYCLE PLANT AS A TOPPING CYCLE.

• THERMAL HEAT LEFT CAN BE USED TO POWER A STEAM POWER


CYCLE.

• USE POSSIBLE WITH HIGH TEMP. NUCLEAR ENERGY.

• STANDALONE USE is NOT considered economically viable.


ANY QUESTIONS?
BASIC REFRENCES
• Wikipedia
• Electrical4u
• Britannica
• Thermopedia
JOURNAL REFRENCES
• http://
www.prgs.edu/content/dam/rand/pubs/papers/2008/P3837.pdf
• http://www.irdindia.in/journal_ijaeee/pdf/vol2_iss6/16.pdf(Vishal. D.
Dhareppagol & Anand Saurav in IJAEEE)
• http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0613/ijsrp-p18106.pdf (Ajith
Krishnan R, Jinshah B S in IJSRP)
• STATUS REPORT ON THE INDIAN MHD PROGRAMME by C.
AMBASANKARAN(1978)
(http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/10/
442/10442926.pdf)

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