BOSH

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Topic: ROUTINE CONSTRUCTION SITE INSPECTION
(SAFETY INSPECTION AND AUDIT)
Duration : 60 minutes
 ROUTINE CONSTRUCTION SITE
INSPECTION
(SAFETY INSPECTION AND AUDIT)

General contents:

1. Construction site safety and health

inspection
2. Inspection guides/checklists
3. Inspection methodologies
 AGENDA

• OBJECTIVES
• INTRODUCTION
• NEEDS FOR INSPECTION
• SAFETY INSPECTION PROGRAM
• ITEMS NEEDED FOR INSPECTION
• HAZARD CLASSIFICATION
• HOW OFTEN MUST INSPECTIONS BE
MADE?
• WHO MAKE SAFETY INSPECTION
 AGENDA

• SAFETY INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS

• SAFETY INSPECTION METHODS
• WHAT KNOWLEDGE IS NECESSARY TO
QUALIFY AS A “SAFETY INSPECTOR”?
• USE YOUR SENSES IN INSPECTION.
WHAT AIDS ARE NEEDED?
 AGENDA

• STEPS OF THE INSPECTION PROCESS

• SAFETY INSPECTION FORM CONTENTS
• REPORT FILING
• REPORT QUALITY MEASUREMENT
• UPPER MANAGEMENT ACTIONS
 OBJECTIVES

• Maintaining a safe work environment

through hazard recognition and removal.
• Determining that people are having and
working in a safe manner.
• Determining that operations meet or exceed
acceptable safety and government
standards.
• Maintaining product quality and operational
profitability.
 INTRODUCTION

• Inspection is one of the best tools available

to find problems & asses their risks before
an accident & other losses might occur.
• Many details are involved in a good safety
inspection program, but the points
requiring full consideration and
development in an effective system which
will produce meaningful results are quite
simple as enumerated below:
– What is to be inspected?
 INTRODUCTION

– How open is each thing, process, or area

to be inspected?
– Who will carry out the safety inspection &
what procedures are to be used?
– Who will monitor the inspection activities
& how?
 INTRODUCTION

– What reports & records will be needed &

how will they be handled?
– What provisions must be made for taking
corrective action?
• Sincere and diligent safety inspection
efforts made a result as part of a good
inspection system, which are based
upon the foregoing principles that can
only produce a valuable & fulfilling
result.
 NEEDS FOR INSPECTION

– Identify problems.
– Identify equipment deficiencies.
– Identify improper employee actions.
– Identify effects of changes.
– Identify inadequacies/remedial actions.
– Identify positive performance & quality
results.
– Demonstrate management’s commitment
to loss control.
 SAFETY INSPECTION PROGRAM

– Do you have written safety inspection

program?
– What items need to be inspected?
– What aspects of each item need to be
examined?
– What conditions need to be inspected?
– How often must items be inspected?
– Who will conduct the inspection?
 ITEMS NEEDED FOR
INSPECTION
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
• Points of Operation - Milling, Blending,
Drilling
• Power Transmission - Gears, Pulleys,
Belts, and Chains.
• In-Running Nip Points - 2 or more
components are running in opposite
direction & come in contact with
eachother.
 ITEMS NEEDED FOR
INSPECTION
1. MECHANICAL HAZARDS
• Shear Points - Where one moving
component of a machine runs past
which is stationary.
• Other Moving Parts - Guards (barriers,
fences, enclosures) & safeguards
(fixed guards or barriers,
automatic guards, sensing devices,
interlocks, hand positions,
guardrails, gates & fences).
 ITEMS NEEDED FOR
INSPECTION
2. ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
- Wiring, Grounding/Bonding, Power
Panels and Outlets & Switches.

3. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
- Noise, Vibration, Temperature,
Radiation, Illumination, Pressure.
 ITEMS NEEDED FOR
INSPECTION
4. CHEMICAL HAZARDS
• Dust/fibers - solid particles of
materials such as silica, coal, cotton &
asbestos.
• Fumes - particles formed when
material from a volatilized solid
condenses in cool air (ex.
• Nickel, beryllium, zinc & iron).
 ITEMS NEEDED FOR
INSPECTION
(CHEMICAL HAZARDS cont’d.)
4.1 Smokes - solid/liquid particles
resulting from incomplete combustion
of materials such as; wood, coal,
plants & petroleum products.
4.2 Mists/Aerosols - liquid particles
suspended in air (ex. Chromic acid,
hydrochloric acid & sulfuric acid).
 ITEMS NEEDED FOR
INSPECTION
(CHEMICAL HAZARDS cont’d.)
4.3 Gases - formless fluids that expand
to occupy the space of enclosure to
which they are confined (ex. H2S,
chlorine & carbon monoxide).
4.4 Vapors - the gaseous form of
normally solid or liquid substance
subject to evaporation (ex. Alcohol,
gasoline, paint thinners & solvents).
 ITEMS NEEDED FOR
INSPECTION
5. BIOLOGICAL - bacteria, viruses, fungi,
molds, mites, insects, parasites & plants.
6. ERGONOMIC - repetitive motion, heavy
lifting, awkward or static postures,
fatigue, over exertion, monotony,
perceptual confusion or overload varying
metabolic cycles, direct pressure &
excessive force.
 HAZARD CLASSIFICATION

Class A Hazard (Major):

- A condition or practice likely to cause
permanent disability, loss of life or body
part and/or extensive loss structure,
equipment or material…IMMEDIATELY
OR WITHIN 24 HRS.
 HAZARD CLASSIFICATION

Class B (Serious):
- A condition or practice likely to cause
serious injury or illness, resulting in
temporary disability or property damage
that is disruptive but not extensive…
WITHIN 7 DAYS.
 HAZARD CLASSIFICATION

Class C Hazard (Minor):

- A condition or practice likely to cause
minor, non-disability injury or illness or
non-disruptive property damage …
WITHIN 1 MONTH.
 HOW OFTEN MUST
INSPECTIONS BE MADE?
• FREQUENCY OF SAFETY INSPECTION IS
DETERMINED BY 5 FACTORS.

1. WHAT IS THE LOSS SEVERITY

POTENTIAL OF THE PROBLEM?
The greater the loss severity
potential, the more frequency an item or
process should be inspected…
 HOW OFTEN MUST
INSPECTIONS BE MADE?
2. WHAT IS THE POTENTIAL FOR INJURY
TO EMPLOYEES?
The greater the probability for injury
to employees, the more often the item
should be inspected…equipment can
become unsafe, the more frequent you
should inspect them…
 HOW OFTEN MUST
INSPECTIONS BE MADE?
3. WHAT IS THE PAST RECORD OF
FAILURES?
The more frequently a process or
equipment has failed in the past & the
greater the consequences, the more
often that item needs to be inspected…
 HOW OFTEN MUST
INSPECTIONS BE MADE?
4. ARE THEIR REQUIRED INSPECTIONS?
Some equipment in your company
may have to be inspected at regular
intervals. This could be required by
regulation or as a manufacturer’s
recommendation. When inspection on
such equipment are performed, be
certain that they are documented
properly…
 HOW OFTEN MUST
INSPECTIONS BE MADE?
5. WHO MAKE SAFETY INSPECTIONS?
• Safety Engineers
• Supervisors & Foremen
• Health & Safety Committee
• Government Safety Representative
 HOW OFTEN MUST
INSPECTIONS BE MADE?
(WHO MAKE SAFETY INSPECTIONS?)

• Licensed/Accredited Third Party Safety

Inspector
• Insurance Company Safety Engineer
• More than one person
 SAFETY INSPECTION
REQUIREMENTS
1. Knowledge of your organization’s
accident experience.
2. Familiarity with accident potential and
with the standards that apply to your
area.
3. Ability to make intelligent decisions for
corrective action.
 SAFETY INSPECTION
REQUIREMENTS
4. Diplomacy in handling personnel and
situations.
5. Clear understanding of your
organization’s operations - its workflow,
systems and procedures…
 SAFETY INSPECTION METHODS

THERE ARE TWO FUNDAMENTAL CLASSES

OF INSPECTIONS.

1. BY AN INTERNAL SAFETY EFFORT & OR

2. BY AN OUTSIDE AGENCY OR
ORGANIZATION.
 SAFETY INSPECTION
METHODS

THESE TWO ARE HAVING FIVE BASIC

TYPES:
1. CONTINUOUS ACTIVITY INSPECTIONS-
these are regular inspections made by
the Safety Engineer, Safety Directors or
their staff. It includes Health & Safety
Committee inspections in a weekly or
monthly basis.
 SAFETY INSPECTION
METHODS

The advantages of this method includes:

• Regular planned program of inspection
design to cover all areas & subjects.
• Familiarity by the staff & Health &
Safety Committee with the operations &
procedures.
• Early detection of changes in
operations or equipment.
• Follow-up of recommendations.
 SAFETY INSPECTION METHODS

4. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
2.1 These cover scheduled or containing
surveys by designated plant
personnel, such as Electricians,
Mechanics & Maintenance Men.
2.2 They include both safety inspections
& those performed for
mechanical functioning,
lubrications, etc.
 SAFETY INSPECTION METHODS

(PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE CONT’D.)

2.3 Progressive plants schedule surveys
at regular interval, keyed to
maintenance records of machines &
other equipment.
2.4 Potential failures of the machines &
equipment are being fixed before
they happen, thereby preventing
damage, breakdowns & injury –
producing accidents.
 SAFETY INSPECTION METHODS

4. LICENSED INSPECTIONS
- by specially trained/certified or
licensed inspectors usually an
outsider.
Ex. Are boiler, elevator &
electrical inspections.
 SAFETY INSPECTION METHODS

4. SPECIAL INSPECTION
- For special purposes usually at the
requests of management, employee
groups or union. Sometimes this
inspection is made by Municipality/
Regions, in-order to investigate
serious fire, explosion or a serious
accident.
 SAFETY INSPECTION METHODS

5. ONE CALL INSPECTION

- Made according to predetermined
schedule by outside inspections
usually coming from Municipality &
Regional Office.
 WHAT KNOWLEDGE IS NECESSARY TO
QUALIFY AS A “SAFETY INSPECTOR”?

4. EXPERTISE - Completely familiar

with the operations.
5. ABILITY - To see, perceives &
recognizes potential hazards.
6. EXPERIENCE- Retained experienced
inspectors when rotating health & safety
committee members to carry –out safety
inspections.
 WHAT KNOWLEDGE IS NECESSARY TO
QUALIFY AS A “SAFETY INSPECTOR”?

4. CAPACITY FOR IDEAS - Ability to get

ideas on the spot in –order to solve
accident prevention problems.
5. SELF-ANALYSIS - Analyze his own
qualifications to inspect for safety.
 USE YOUR SENSES IN
INSPECTION

– Do you see anything that just doesn’t

look right from safety point of view?
– Do you have any unusual vibrations or
noises?
– Do you smell any new or unusual odors?
– Have you touched anything with usual or
different feeling?
 WHAT AIDS ARE NEEDED?

4. Plans
5. Checklist
6. Incidental equipment
7. Technical or other safety materials
8. Incentives
 STEPS OF THE INSPECTION
PROCESS

4. PREPARE – adequate preparation

includes emphasis on a positive
approach, pre-inspection planning, and
application of checklist, review of
previous inspection reports and
gathering of inspection tools & materials;
1.1 Refer to the map & checklist.
1.2 Accent the positive.
 STEPS OF THE INSPECTION
PROCESS

1.3 Look for off the floor & out-of-the-way

items.
1.4 Take immediate temporary actions.
1.5 Describe & locate cash item
immediately.
1.6 Classify the hazard.
4. DEVELOP REMEDIAL ACTIONS
5. TAKE FOLLOW – UP ACTIONS
 SAFETY INSPECTION FORM
CONTENTS

• Project name / number

• Date
• Previous Safety Statistics Records
• Signature: Auditor(s) PM
• Rating: overall / each item/ calculations
• Areas or items to be inspected
• Comments
 SAFETY INSPECTION FORM
CONTENTS

• General summary of outstanding

items, attitudes & discussion points
• Action summary
• Item
• Description/ actionable
• Who
• When
• Results/remarks
• Distribution list
SAFETY INSPECTION FORM
 REPORTS FILING

• Reports properly filed and readily

available. Continue to be used for
reference until follow-up is completed.
• Central files can help all leaders
assess the safety status and the
performance of managers in various
areas.
 REPORT QUALITY MEASUREMENT

• Inspection report scoring worksheet.

 UPPER MANAGEMENT ACTION

• Budget resources for equipment and

materials to do the safety inspection.
• Set performance standards.
• Set objectives related to safety
inspection.
• Provide adequate leadership and
employee training.
 UPPER MANAGEMENT ACTION

• Monitor the status of the inspection

program.
• Program audits.
• Make safety and health tours.
The End