RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
Chapter 12
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CHAPTER 12
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
1.Recognize the variety of constraints that can affect a
project, making scheduling and planning difficult.
2.Understand how to apply resource-loading techniques to
project schedules to identify potential resource
overallocation situations.
3.Apply resource-leveling procedures to project activities
over the baseline schedule using appropriate prioritization
heuristics.
4.Follow the steps necessary to effectively smooth resource
requirements across the project life cycle.
5.Apply resource management within a multiproject
environment.
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PMBOK CORE CONCEPTS
Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK) covered
in this chapter includes:
1.Estimate Activity Durations (PMBoK 6.4)
2.Plan Human Resource Management (PMBoK 9.1)
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TYPES OF CONSTRAINTS
Physical
Time
Resource
Mixed
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ACTIVITY PRECEDENCE EXAMPLE
(TABLE 12.1 AND FIGURE 12.2)
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RESOURCE-LOADING CHART
DEMONSTRATING OVERALLOCATION
(FIGURE 12.3)
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RESOURCE USAGE TABLE
(FIGURE 12.5)
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EXAMPLE OF RESOURCE USAGE
TABLE WITH OVERALLOCATION
(FIGURE 12.6)
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RESOURCE LEVELING
A process that address the complex challenges of
project constraints
Objectives:
To determine the resource requirements so that
they will be available at the right time
To allow each activity to be scheduled with the
smoothest possible transition across resource
usage levels
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PRIORITIZATION RULES FOR
LEVELING
1. Smallest amount of slack
2. Smallest duration
3. Lowest ID number (FCFS)
4. Greatest number of successor tasks
5. Requiring the most resources
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GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR
LEVELING
1. Create a project activity network diagram.
2. Develop resource loading table.
3. Determine activity late finish dates.
4. Identify resource overallocation.
5. Level the resource loading table.
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CONSTRUCT A RESOURCE-
LOADING CHART
To construct a time-limited resource loading chart for resource
scheduling, there are six main steps to follow:
1.Create activity network.
2.Produce table for each activity, resource requirements, duration,
early start time, slack, and late finish time.
3.List activities in order of increasing slack.
4.Draw an initial resource-loading chart with each activity scheduled
at its earliest start time.
5.Rearrange activities within their slack to create a profile that is as
level as possible
6.Use judgment to interpret and improve activity leveling.
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SAMPLE PROJECT NETWORK
(FIGURE 12.17)
4 B 5 5 D 9 9 E 11
Res = 2 Res = 7 Res = 3
0 A 4
Res = 6 11 F 12
Res = 6
4 C 7
Res = 2
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CREATING RESOURCE LOADING
CHARTS
Activity Resource Duration ES Slack LF
A 6 4 0 0 4
B 2 1 4 0 5
C 2 3 4 4 11
D 7 4 5 0 9
E 3 2 9 0 11
F 6 1 11 0 12
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RESOURCE-LOADING CHART
(FIGURE 12.18)
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MODIFIED RESOURCE-LOADING
CHART WHEN SPLITTING TASK C
(FIGURE 12.19)
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MANAGING RESOURCES IN
MULTIPROJECT ENVIRONMENTS
Schedule Slippage
Resource Utilization
In-Process Inventory
Resolving Resource Decisions in Multiproject Environments
First In Line
Greatest Resource Demand
Greatest Resource Utilization
Minimum Late Finish Time
Mathematical Programming
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SUMMARY
1. Recognize the variety of constraints that can affect a
project, making scheduling and planning difficult.
2. Understand how to apply resource-loading techniques
to project schedules to identify potential resource
overallocation situations.
3. Apply resource-leveling procedures to project activities
over the baseline schedule using appropriate
prioritization heuristics.
4. Follow the steps necessary to effectively smooth
resource requirements across the project life cycle.
5. Apply resource management within a multiproject
environment.
Copyright ©2016 Pearson Education, Ltd. 12-18
