PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
IN ENGLISH
The F A C E Model Approach
Module 1
Communication in Multicultural Context
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this module, you should be able
to:
• Describe the nature and functions of verbal
and nonverbal Communication in various and
multicultural context; and
• Present situations of effective communication
in multicultural context.
FAMILIARIZE
Read the following case and answer the
questions that follow:
Saki is having a conversation with
Hayley. They were very happy talking about
their funny senior high school experiences
from their respective countries. In the middle
of the conversation, Hayley said, “You are
such a funny man, I like your sense of
humor.” Saki nodded and said, “I want to rov
you like my own sister.” Hayley’s face went
pale and asked what Saki meant. Saki
repeated, “I want to rov you.” Then Hayley
said, “Is that what you’re doing to your
sister?” Then Saki agreed. After a few
minutes, Saki found himself explaining to the
police officer that what he meant was to
“love” the woman and not to “rub” nor
“rob” her.
Analyze
Discuss the following important
points then, be ready to share your
realizations.
• Where did Hayley and Saki come
from? What made you think that
they are from the said countries?
• How was communication affected
by the differences of articulation?
CONCEPTUALIZE
Communication is a two-way
process that aims for mutual
understanding wherein the
parties involved do not only
send and receive information,
news, ideas, and feelings but
also create and share meaning.
NATURE OF
COMMUNICATION
• Communication is a
Process.
• Communication is
Symbiotic.
NATURE OF
COMMUNICATION
• Communication is a
discipline.
• Communication is
liberation.
Chavacano/Chabacano, for example a
Philippine dialect that is very similar to
the Spanish language.
Chavacano expressions such as coche
(car), Abuelo (grandfather) and feo (ugly)
are used by the Chavacanos from
Zamboanga, and the Chabacanos from
Cavite.
The song “Por Que” which is a
Chavacano song written by “Maldita”
became viral in the Spanish-speaking
country, Mexico.
Words maybe used to express
our joy, fear, anger, and
excitement.
This means that we
communicate verbally.
There are times that words need
to be substituted or emphasized
by our hand movements or facial
expressions that are called
nonverbal communication.
Verbal messages in Communication
Verbal Messages pertain to the sounds
and words that you use when you
communicate.
It covers the choice and the order of
words in a sentence.
Words also change their meaning over
time and so, communicators should know
how to select the most exact words to
express their messages accurately.
Not all words mean the same thing to all people.
Denotative meaning is what
you will find in a dictionary,
while Connotative meaning
is an emotional or personal
response to a word.
Language is dynamic. There are many
words that evolve in our daily
communication. The words that you
might have used before may have
already evolved to something new.
There have also been words that were
created to express one’s thoughts
when communicating with others.
They are called Slangs.
Slang is informal language that is unique to a
particular group.
Cultural diversity is one of the causes for the
presence of slang in communication.
As a communicator, it is your responsibility to
be aware of the meaning of words and how they
change over time.
You have to be careful in choosing the words
to say when communicating, and using the
right tone of voice as well.
Nonverbal Messages in Communication
Nonverbal Messages are the
messages that you use to express
your ideas and emotions without
using words. It is also made up of
tone of voice, body language,
gestures, eye contact, facial
expressions, and proximity
(distance).
Following are the ways in which we
can communicate nonverbally.
• KINESICS
• OCULESICS
• VOCALICS
• HAPTICS
• PROXEMICS
• CHRONEMICS
• PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
Nonverbal Messages in Communication
Nonverbal Messages are the messages that you use to
express your ideas and emotions without using words. It is
also made up of tone of voice, body language, gestures,
eye contact, facial expressions, and proximity (distance).
Following are the ways in which we can communicate
nonverbally.
• KINESICS
FACIAL
EXPRESSIONS
HEAD MOVEMENT
AND POSTURE
GESTURES
Nonverbal Messages in Communication
Nonverbal Messages are the messages that you use to
express your ideas and emotions without using words. It is
also made up of tone of voice, body language, gestures,
eye contact, facial expressions, and proximity (distance).
Following are the ways in which we can communicate
nonverbally.
• KINESICS
• OCULESICS
Nonverbal Messages in Communication
Nonverbal Messages are the messages that you use to
express your ideas and emotions without using words. It
is also made up of tone of voice, body language,
gestures, eye contact, facial expressions, and proximity
(distance).
Following are the ways in which we can communicate
nonverbally.
• KINESICS
• OCULESICS
• VOCALICS
Nonverbal Messages in Communication
Nonverbal Messages are the messages that you use to
express your ideas and emotions without using words. It
is also made up of tone of voice, body language, gestures,
eye contact, facial expressions, and proximity (distance).
Following are the ways in which we can communicate
nonverbally.
• KINESICS
• OCULESICS
• VOCALICS
• HAPTICS
Nonverbal Messages in Communication
Nonverbal Messages are the messages that you use to
express your ideas and emotions without using words. It
is also made up of tone of voice, body language, gestures,
eye contact, facial expressions, and proximity (distance).
Following are the ways in which we can communicate
nonverbally.
• KINESICS
• OCULESICS
• VOCALICS
• HAPTICS
• PROXEMICS
Nonverbal Messages in Communication
Nonverbal Messages are the messages that you use to express
your ideas and emotions without using words. It is also made
up of tone of voice, body language, gestures, eye contact,
facial expressions, and proximity (distance).
Following are the ways in which we can communicate
nonverbally.
• KINESICS
• OCULESICS
• VOCALICS
• HAPTICS
• PROXEMICS
• CHRONEMICS
Nonverbal Messages in Communication
Nonverbal Messages are the messages that you use to express your
ideas and emotions without using words. It is also made up of tone
of voice, body language, gestures, eye contact, facial expressions,
and proximity (distance).
Following are the ways in which we can communicate nonverbally.
• KINESICS
• OCULESICS
• VOCALICS
• HAPTICS
• PROXEMICS
• CHRONEMICS
• PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
Before leaving your
country whether for travel,
academic, or work
purpose, you have to be
ready to be culturally
aware and sensitive.
Communication in Intercultural Domains
Culture is defined as the total of the inherited
ideas, beliefs, values, and knowledge that
contribute to the shared bases of social
interaction (culturedictionary.com).
Moreover, it also refers to the complex
collection of knowledge – folklore, language,
rules, rituals, habits, lifestyles, attitudes,
beliefs, and customs that link and give a
common identity to a particular group of
people at a specific point in time.
Other definitions of intercultural communication:
• According to Tin-Tooney (1999), intercultural
communication happens when individuals
interact, negotiate, and create meanings while
bringing in their varied cultural backgrounds.
• For some scholars, intercultural
communication pertains to communication
among people from different nationalities
(Gydykunst, 2003).
• Still, others look at intercultural
communication as communication that is
influenced by different ethnicities, religions,
and sexual orientations (Sipacio-Balgos,
2016).
Characteristics of Competent Intercultural
Communicators
Traits that define a competent intercultural communicator:
• Flexibility and the ability to tolerate high levels of
uncertainty
• Reflectiveness or mindfulness
• Open-mindedness
• Sensitivity
• Adaptability
• Ability to engage in divergent thinking and systems-
level thinking.
Tips on how to avoid being bias to others:
• Avoid stereotypes or generalizations about a
certain group.
• Challenge gender norms
• Do not talk down on younger people and the
elderly.
• Be sensitive to the religious practices of
others.
• Be polite at all times
The following are some
important information that
you need to know when you
visit the cultures of the
following countries:
Communicating in China
Greg Rodgers (2017) wrote an article on how to work
around the language barrier in China. According to him,
communicating in China is often a challenge for first time
visitors who are travelling independently without an
interpreter.
Hierarchy is also a very important factor how the
Chinese communicate. When speaking to a superior,
workers must generally phrase their words carefully. Most
importantly, the concept of face must always be
considered when communicating with the Chinese.
Gifts are also given on many social and business
occasions in China. These are accompanied by words of
good will.
Communicating in Korea
Their communication pattern is generally indirect and
at times – verbose. They have the tendency to rely less
on words and are very keen at a speaker’s posture,
expression, and tone of voice to catch the message.
Their speech style may be described as indirect.
They also use less gestures and silence is an important
and useful tool to them. Pausing before giving a
response is an indication that someone has applied
appropriate thought and consideration to the question.
They are generally not very tactile with one another.
During a discussion or friendly conversation, eye
contact is necessary for the person you are
communicating with. When receiving something,
use two hands or your right hand. In terms of
gestures, it is considered rude to make a fist with
your hand while placing the thumb between the
middle and index finger. Sneezing is considered
rude in Korea.
Communicating in America
Americans address each other informally and address
each other by first name basis.
Americans are energetic and positive in terms of
communication. Americans usually speak in the present
or imperative tense with lots of action-oriented words.
People also shake hands or just say “hello” when
entering a meeting room. One usually sticks to the
agenda and one must be time conscious.
Americans hate it when their time is wasted and so, you
have to be at least thirty minutes ahead of the call time
when meeting an American. Americans expect for a
speaker with a loud voice.
Communicating in Japan
When communicating in Japan, avoid pointing.
You also have to keep your voice down.
Whenever you see an error, you have to present it carefully so
as not to appear that you are pointing out an omission that
someone committed.
When communicating with the Japanese, you also need to
avoid pressing for an answer. This means that if a question
remains unanswered twice, one has to respect the silence.
Finally, be reminded that bowing is an important
communication ritual. Traditionally, the person coming from
a lesser social status bows lower, but even a small bow is
enough to show respect for the person and the Japanese
culture.
Enrich
Task 2
After learning about the verbal and nonverbal aspects of
communication in the multicultural setting, let us try to
ponder on the things that you have learned by doing the
following activities:
PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
Bachelor of Science in Accountancy
TASK 2 (group task)
NAMES: ___________________________________ Section: _____________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
Check your understanding In your own words, define intercultural
communication.
1. How does culture affect communication?
2. Justify the effect of “gender” in communication.
3. How does “age” affect communication?
4. How does “physical appearance” affect communication?
6. How does “religion” affect communication?
7. How does “social status” affect communication?
8. Cite examples of cultural differences in communication.
9. Have you experienced communication breakdown because of gender, social
status, age or religion?
10. How would you become a competent intercultural communicator? What are
the characteristics of a competent intercultural communicator?
Read each statement. If it displays bias or insensitivity, write the
group or element being misinterpreted (age, gender, social status,
religion, and culture). If not, write “OK”. Once done, compare and
discuss your answer with a partner.
1. “Filipinos are known for their women being maids in foreign countries.”
2. “I do not drink Starbucks coffee. That’s only for rich people.”
3. “Catholicism is way better than other religion.”
4. “Senior citizens must always be prioritized in lanes.”
5. “That professor shouldn’t be teaching any longer. He’s too old for it.”
6. “He is gay. He won’t be able to effectively portray the role.”
7. “Since you are the youngest, from now on you’d be washing dishes.”
8. “Please finish your assignment by Sunday night.”
9. “Aetas are too uncivilized, it would be hard to stay in their place.”
10. “Let us group together according to our salary.”
Research about the cultural differences in nonverbal communication
with regards to the following categories:
1. Eye contact / Gaze 8. Religion
9. Age
2. Facial Expression
10. Social Status
3. Gestures
11. Gender
4. Touch 12. Personal Appearance
5. Posture 13. Difference between Asians and Americans
6. Time 14. Differences between Americans and
Europeans
7. Physical space 15. Differences between those from Manila
and those from the provinces
Brainstorming on the topics below:
• Similarities between Chinese and Filipinos
• Similarities between Americans and Europeans
• Similarities between Filipinos and other Asian countries
REFERENCES
Gepila, Emejidio Jr., et.al. Purposive Communication. Jenher
Publishing: Manila, 2018.
https://open.lib.umn.edu/communication/chapter/4-2-type
s-of-nonverbal-communication/#:~:text=Kinesics,facial%
20expressions%20as%20nonverbal%20communication.
