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Chapter 3 Permeability Part 3

The document discusses permeability measurement in the laboratory. There are two main types of permeameters - gas and liquid. The procedure involves cutting a core plug, cleaning it, drying it, and flowing fluid at different rates. Permeability is calculated using Darcy's law. Klinkenberg discovered that permeability measured with gas is higher than with liquid due to gas slippage at grain surfaces. The Klinkenberg effect can be corrected by plotting permeability versus inverse mean pressure.

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250 views14 pages

Chapter 3 Permeability Part 3

The document discusses permeability measurement in the laboratory. There are two main types of permeameters - gas and liquid. The procedure involves cutting a core plug, cleaning it, drying it, and flowing fluid at different rates. Permeability is calculated using Darcy's law. Klinkenberg discovered that permeability measured with gas is higher than with liquid due to gas slippage at grain surfaces. The Klinkenberg effect can be corrected by plotting permeability versus inverse mean pressure.

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Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Permeability

Permeability Measurement
Laboratory measurement of permeability
Gas permeameter Liquid permeameter
Permeability
Permeability Measurement
Laboratory measurement of permeability
Procedure
1. Cut a core plug from a whole core sample
2. Clean the core plug
3. Oven dry
4. Flow fluid at different flow rates
Permeability
Permeability Measurement

Laboratory measurement of permeability


Permeability is calculated using Darcy’s Law equation

kA  P1  P22 
2
Qb   
2 L  Pb 

These equations are valid for viscous flow only.

The following plots can be used to determine viscous


flow regime.
Permeability
Permeability Measurement

Laboratory measurement of permeability

kA  P2  P12 
2

Qb 
2 L  Pb 

Permeability is determined from


k
slope of graph 

Permeability
Permeability Measurement

Klinkernberg effect
Klinkenberg (1941) discovered that permeability measurements made with
air as the flowing fluid showed different results from permeability
measurements made with a liquid as the flowing fluid.
The permeability of a core sample measured
by flowing air is always greater than the
permeability obtained when a liquid is the
flowing fluid.
Klinkenberg postulated, on the basis of his
experiments, that liquids had a zero velocity at
the sand grain surface, while gases exhibited
some finite velocity at the sand grain surface
(slippage – resulted in higher flow rate for the gas
a given pressure differential).
Permeability
Permeability Measurement

Klinkernberg effect (cont.)

Plot k observed using gas versus 1/pmean to correct for Klinkenberg effect.

Klinkenberg also found


that for a given porous
medium as the mean
pressure increased the
calculated permeability
decreased.
Permeability
Permeability Measurement
Klinkernberg effect (cont.)

1
kL  kg  m
P

1
intercep at  0 gives k L .
P
k L  permeability of medium to a single liquid phase completelyfilling the pores of the medium
k g  permeability of medium to a gas completelyfilling the pores of the medium
P  mean flowing pressure of the gas at which k g was obsererved
m  slope of the curve
b  constant for a given gas in a given medium
Permeability
Permeability Measurement

Klinkernberg effect (cont.)


Permeability
Permeability Measurement

Klinkernberg effect (cont.)

Klinkenberg effect correction requires


at least measurement be made at two
different mean flowing pressures.
Permeability
Permeability Measurement

Klinkernberg effect (cont.)

Jones 1972)

Solve kL iteratively by Newton-


Raphson iterative method
Permeability
Permeability Measurement
Klinkernberg effect (cont.)
Permeability
Permeability Measurement

Given
Pmean 2.152 psi
kg 46.6 md

Jones method
Solution
assumed kl f(ki) f'(ki) kl calculated
22 -3.05079646 3.603 22.8467
22.85 -0.008366801 3.584 22.849
22.85 -6.14805E-08 3.584 22.849
22.85 0 3.584 22.849
22.85 0 3.584 22.849
Permeability
Permeability Measurement
Klinkernberg effect (cont.)
Permeability
Permeability Measurement

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