System Development Methods

CT046-3-2

Information Systems
Development Methods
 Topic & Structure of the lesson

• Revisiting System Development Lifecycle (SDLC)

– Overview
– Main Phases
• Information System Development Methodologies

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 Learning Outcomes

• By the end of this lecture, YOU should be able to :

– Define SDLC
– Illustrate SDLC
– Briefly explain each of the SDLC phases
– Identify the people involved in an IS project
– Introduction to IS Methodologies

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 Key Terms you must be able to use

• If you have mastered this topic, you should be able to use

the following terms correctly in your assignments and
exams:

– Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC)

– Benefits of using SDLC
– Different versions of SDLC
– General types of people involved in an IS project
– Definition of IS Methodologies

CT046-3-2 – SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT METHODS Slide 4

 Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

• Standard definition;

– The Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) is a

conceptual model used in project management that
describes the stages involved in an information system
development project, from an initial feasibility study
through maintenance of the completed application.
(wiki,2015)

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 Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Simplified Definition

• A GENERAL RECEPIE to ‘cook-up’ an Information System

• SDLC shows main stages:

– PLANNING
– ANALYSIS
– DESIGN
– IMPLEMENTATION
– MAINTENANCE
• (if any major problems,
then back to planning)

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 Many views of SDLC

• SDLC has many version / diagrams / stages

(from different authors),
but generally all the same.

Search Google image for other versions

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 Facts about SDLC

• SDLC is considered a framework to develop an Information

System

• SDLC acts as the basis for SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

METHODOLOGIES (covered in later chapters)
– SDLC is not IS Development Methodology

• SDLC can be generally used to manage any IT based project.

• SDLC has Techniques to guide a developer to built an

Information system efficiently.

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 PHASE-1 – Planning

Planning Sub Phases;

A. Problems Statement
B. Initial Study
C. Feasibility Study
D. Requirement Gathering

Input – Problem Statements

Output – Feasibility Study Report, Initial Study Report / Project
Proposal

PLANNING ANALYSIS DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION MAINTENANCE

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 Quick Quiz

• Who are the members of DEVELOPERS in an IT project?

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 PHASE-2 – Analysis

• Requirement Analysis
– Analyzing ‘Compiled Requirement’
– Use several ‘Analysis Techniques’ to get best result.
– Output – System Requirement Specification (SRS)

• Popular Analysis Techniques;

– Data Mining
– Data visualization
– Statistical Analysis
– Data modeling
– Filtering, sorting, clustering, etc.

PLANNING ANALYSIS DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION MAINTENANCE

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 PHASE-3 - Design

• System Design
– Designing the new system
– Design based on SRS (from Analysis Stage)
– Output – Design Specification

• Popular technics used;

– Conceptual Design
– Logical design
– Data Design / Modeling
– Physical Design

PLANNING ANALYSIS DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION MAINTENANCE

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 Quick Quiz

• One of the popular type of ‘Physical Design’ is PROTOTYPE

• What is a Software PROTOTYPE?

– What's are the differences between a Prototype and a ACTUAL
Product?

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 PHASE 4 – Implementation

• Start building the actual components of the systems

– Based on Design Specification
• Output - Fully functional system

• Main Activities :
A. Construction / Building the system
B. Perform various testing
C. Deploy new system

PLANNING ANALYSIS DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION MAINTENANCE

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 PHASE 5 – Review and Maintenance

• Developer perform review of system after deployment

• Problems are fixed / prevented through Maintenance
Process
– Project Owner may hire different company to do this.

• Types of Maintenance:
– Corrective
– Preventive
– Adoptive
– Perfective

PLANNING ANALYSIS DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION MAINTENANCE

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 People involved in SDLC

• System Owners
• Users
• Developers
• System Administrators

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 People involved in SDLC
Quick Quiz

• If you are suppose to build new website for NOTE

APU, who are the People involved?
• System Owners
• (Ex; USERS would include Lecturers and – People who pay and own the
…) system

• User
• System Owners? – People who
directly/indirectly use the
new system
• Users? • Developers
– People who do research and
create a new system
• Developers?
• System Administrators
– People who ‘take-care’ of the
• System Administrators? system after it is done

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 Slide 5 (of 25)

What is
Systems Development Methodology ?

• Official definition
• “A software development methodology or system development
methodology in software engineering is a framework that is used to
structure, plan, and control the process of developing an
information system”

• Simplified Definition
• A Specific Recipe to ‘cook-up’ an specific type of Information
System
• (In comparison to SDLC which viewed as GENERAL recipe)

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 Slide 5 (of 25)

What is
Systems Development Methodology ?

• Contains detailed steps to be carried out at specific

situations / specific type of project

• Some popular IS Development Methodologies

• Waterfall Model – most basic methodology close to SDLC
• SSADM – used for large database projects
• WISDM – used for web based projects
• Spiral – used for project which has many sections but
need to be linked later.
• RAD – used for small and fast projects
• XP – For advance / heavy coding projects

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 Other popular IS Methodologies

• V-Model
• Scrum
• Cleanroom
• DSDM
• Lean
• Dual Vee Model
• TDD

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 Slide 5 (of 25)

What makes up a
Systems Development Methodology ?

• Methodologies uses TOOLS and TECHNIQUES to carry out

tasks.

• TOOLS – often CASE TOOLS; software used within the project

• Testing Tool – Software used to test other software.
• Code Generator – Software used to generate programming codes from
design.

• TECHNIQUES - different ways of doing things.

• Prototyping – A model of the system developed to get feedback
• JAD- Meeting session used to review project

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 Slide 6 (of 25)

Importance of using IS Methodologies

• To ensure consistency in management of projects

• To ensure the best techniques applied to carry out a
project.
• Reduce time & cost
• To improve the quality of work & system
• Meet user requirement

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 Quick Quiz

• What methodology do you use for a project which involves

large database and lots of coding?

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 Tutorial 1

(Group Work)
• Use a large paper to draw SDLC
• Make a summary of SDLC Main Phases and sub-phases.
• Under each Main Phases, shows it’s:
– Sub-phases
– Who are involved
– Input document
– Output documents
– Popular Techniques used within the phase (if any)

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 Tutorial 2

(Individual Work)

• What is SDLC?
• Explain THREE benefits of applying SDLC for a IS project.
• Explain THREE problems of applying SDLC for a IS project.
• Search the internet/books and draw a diagram for SDLC
(which is not found in these slides).

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 Next Session

• Structured Methodologies

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