S

Ayu Yulianti 6211181091

Helen Graciela 6211181093 W E
Devi Cherly A.A.M 6211181094 A C
Lita Nadia 6211181095 U
Dwyana Putri Khairunnisa 6211181096
T R
Didi Sopiyan 6211181100 E I
Eri Erianto 6211181131 R T
Y
 Water Security is defined as the capacity of a population
to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of
acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human
well-being, and socio-economic development, for ensuring
protection against water-borne pollution and water-related
What is disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a climate of
Water Security? peace and political stability (UNESO-IHP, 2012).

Water is central to achieving a larger sense of security,

achieving water security requires collaboration across
political borders. Without water security there can be no
national security (SWPWater).
 1.Health: Without enough clean water, people cannot keep hydrated and
clean, or provide sanitation services.

2.Livelihoods: Water fuels agriculture, energy production, transportation,

and so many other activities which sustain human life.

Why Does 3.Productive economies: By improving water security in an area, we can

foster economic growth, empowering livelihoods activities to succeed.
Water Security 4.Ecosystems: Ecosystems also rely on water, and rapidly deteriorate in its
absence, thus endangering the many livelihoods and resources they
Matters? provide.

5.Disaster risk reduction: Responsible water management can reduce the

impacts of foreseeable stressors or unpredictable shocks. This promotes
stability, keeping migration and violent conflict from emerging.
 Water security starts with water availability. Sufficient water
in the present isn’t enough. Water availability must be
sustainable. One of the most significant threats in water
security is a glut of complacency. Water security means not
Water Security only access and availability for all, but also stewardship.
Outcomes Responsible use of water preserves its accessibility, making
sure there’s enough water for all users. It protects the water
supply’s reliability. Safe water use promotes resilience. When
communities manage water responsibly, they build their
ability to withstand, recover from and adapt to water risks.
SURINAME
WATER MANGEMENT
AND STEWARDSHIP
 Suriname, located on the northeastern coast of South America,
lies between latitudes 2°N and 6°N and between longitudes
54°W and 58°W. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the
north, French Guiana to the east, Brazil to the south and
Guyana to the west. The country has an area of 163 820 km2 ,
of which around 80 percent is covered with tropical rain
forests.

 Suriname has a tropical climate. The populated area in the

north has four seasons. Rainfall is highest in the central and
southeastern parts of the country. The average annual rainfall
varies from 1 450 mm in Coronie district in the north to 3 000
mm at Tafelberg (Table Mountain) in the centre of the country
in Sipaliwini district. It is 2 200 mm in Paramarino. The
relative humidity is very high, from 70 to 90 percent.
 In 2012, 95 percent of the population had access to
improved water sources (98 and 88 percent in urban and
rural areas respectively). Sanitation coverage accounted
for 80 percent (88 and 61 percent in urban and rural areas
respectively).
 Annual average rainfall in Suriname is 2 331 mm or 382
km3 /year in the country’s territory. Water resources are
abundant. Internal Renewable Water Resources (IRWR)
are about 99 km3 /year, which is equal to the flows of the
internal rivers and an estimated 50 percent of the flows
each of the border river with Guyana and the border river
with French Guiana
 Nani lake, located in the Nickerie District, is the only
natural fresh water lake.
  WATER USE In 2006, total water withdrawal was
estimated at 615.9 million m3 , of which 70 percent was
for agricultural purposes, 8 percent for municipal and 22
percent for industrial purposes.

Water Use  Surface water is used for agricultural and industrial

purposes. The urban and coastal rural areas use
groundwater for their water supply because of its higher
quality. Most of the rural interior areas use rain water
collection or surface water for their water supply
(IDB/GOS, 2010; USACE, 2001)
  WATER PRECIPITATION IN DEPTH
 2,331 mm/year Long-term average annual precipitation in depth
(mm/year 2017)
Water
 WATER PRECIPITATION IN VOLUME
Precipitation  381.9 billion m³/year(Long-term average annual precipitation in
in Suriname volume (billion m³/year 2017)

and
 This is the sum of renewable groundwater and renewable surface
water resources (both internal and external)
Water  RENEWABLE WATER RESOURCES - 99 billion m³/year Total
Resources Renewable Water Resources (2017)
in Suriname  WATER RESOURCES PER CAPITA -
175,719 m³/person/yearRenewable Water per Inhabitant (2017)
 WATER DEPENDENCY - 0 %Water from outside the country (2017)
 Only 0.2 percent of the internal renewable water resources
of the country are extracted per year for water supply. Water
resources are abundant and can be found either as surface
or ground water.
Because of its superior quality, ground water is the primary
source in the urban and coastal rural areas while in the
Water Supply Interior the population generally uses surface water.
and Surface water quality in urban, as well as rural areas, is
Distribution under severe stress due to poor sanitary practices, and
industrial and mining activities. Saltwater intrusion in the
ground water is also becoming more of a problem in the
coastal areas and in the water supply wells for
Paramaribo.40 To counteract this, some well fields that
have higher chlorides are mixed with water of lower
chlorides.41
1. Domestic Uses and Needs

 Urban Areas
Paramaribo is the national capital and main urban center of
the country. Roughly half of the country's population lives in
Paramaribo. SWM provides water supply services to the urban
areas including Paramaribo and part of Wanica, Nieuw Nickerie,
and Albina.

Ground water is used for water supply. It is possible to

expand the well field of the Zanderij aquifer to reach its
optimum exploitation capacity of 1,300 cubic meters per hour
and proceed with the exploitation of the Zanderij aquifer of
Rijsdijk, which has a maximum capacity of 1,700 cubic meters
per hour. In the Nickerie area, the Zanderij aquifer of Euro-Zuid
polder could be used.
2. Rural Uses

 In the rural areas, only 34 percent have piped water

supply in their home. In the Interior, 60 percent of the
people use untreated river water for drinking purposes.
 This is a major health concern because 25 percent of the
population defecates in the country’s rivers, mercury
contamination from gold mining is widespread, and the
water quality unmonitored. There are entire villages in
the Interior without access to potable drinking water.
Surface water is mostly used in rural areas and in the Interior.
However, in northern areas (mainly coastal areas), ground water is
used. Where piped water is scarce, domestic wells are sometimes
used. The water is sometimes contaminated by seepage of septic tank
effluent or pit latrines nearby. The NH/DW provides water supply
coverage to the rural population, and manages 20 water plants in the
Interior.
Also, many coastal aquifers are being over pumped, and thus many
wells have had to be abandoned due to saltwater intrusion. A main
concern is the contamination of surface water due to uncontrolled
mercury contamination originating from gold mining processes.
Little regulation exists and enforcement is limited due to a lack of
resources.
There is also very little (if any) monitoring of mercury in the surface
water in the Interior. Water quality sampling is done on an ad hoc
basis.
3. Industrial/Commercial Uses and Needs

 Bauxite companies produce their own water. Many rice

companies, particularly those in the western part of the
country, produce their own irrigation water.
4. Agricultural Uses and Needs

 The Ministry of Agriculture historically is responsible for

irrigation water, drainage, and infrastructure. Drainage is the
main problem with irrigation, not irrigation water itself,
particularly in the wet season. In the coastal areas, there are
2,500 millimeters of precipitation a year. The precipitation is
unevenly distributed. Rice, bananas, and vegetables are the
main crops irrigated. Only surface water is used for irrigation
water. There are four seasons; two main and two secondary.
Vegetables are grown in the secondary season. Some farmers
grow vegetables in the wet season.
5. Sanitation and Wastewater Disposal

 No wastewater treatment exists in the country. Septic tanks

are used for treatment, with the sludge dumped directly into
rivers. The first major wastewater treatment plant in the
country was in Flora, but it is longer operational.
Stabilization ponds are needed, and there is enough land
available to support them. Solid waste is also improperly
disposed of. It is collected and deposited into open pits. There
is a new landfill, but it is not sanitary.
QUESTION
and
OPEN DISCUSSION