Discovering

Computers 2009

Chapter 8
Operating
Systems and
Utility Programs
Chapter 8 Objectives

Identify
Identifythe
thetypes
typesofofsystem
systemsoftware
software
Summarize
Summarizethe
thefeatures
featuresofofseveral
several
stand-alone
stand-alone operatingsystems
operating systems
Summarize
Summarizethe
thestartup
startupprocess
process
on a personal computer
on a personal computer
Identify
Identifyvarious
variousnetwork
networkoperating
operatingsystems
systems

Describe
Describethe
thefunctions
functionsofofan
anoperating
operatingsystem
system
Identify
Identifydevices
devicesthat
thatuse
useseveral
several
embedded operating systems
embedded operating systems
Discuss
Discussways
waysthat
thatsome
someoperating
operating
systems
systems help administratorscontrol
help administrators controlaa
network
networkand
andadminister
administersecurity
security
Explain
Explainthe
thepurpose
purposeofofseveral
several
stand-alone utility programs
stand-alone utility programs
Explain
Explainthe
thepurpose
purposeofofthe
theutilities
utilities
included
included with most operatingsystems
with most operating systems
 System Software
What is system software?

Programs that control Two types are

or maintain operation operating systems
of computer and utility programs

Operating system (OS)

(sometimes called the platform)
coordinates all activities
among computer
hardware
resources

p. 398 - 399
 Operating Systems
What is an Operating System?
is a set of programs including instructions that
coordinate all the activities among hardware
resources.

p. 398 - 399 Fig. 8-1

 Operating Systems
What is a Cross Platform program?
 Runs the same on multiple operating systems

Application

Operating System/ Operating System/ Operating System/ Operating System/

Platform A Platform B Platform C Platform D

p. 399
 Operating System Functions
Operating System functions.
 starting a computer,
 providing a user interface,
 managing programs, memory,
 coordinating tasks,
 configuring devices,
 establishing an internet connection,
 monitoring performance,
 providing file management utilities.

p. 400 Fig. 8-2

 Operating System Functions
What is booting?
 Process of starting or restarting a computer
 Cold Boot
Turning on
computer that has
been powered off
 Warm Boot
Restarting
computer that is
powered on

p. 400 Fig. 8-2

 Operating System Functions
What is a Boot Disk?
 Contains system files that will start computer when
computer cannot boot
 Also called recovery disk

p. 402
 Operating System Functions
What is a User Interface?
 Controls how you enter data and instructions and how
information displays on screen

p. 402 Fig. 8-4

 Operating System Functions
What is a graphical user
interface (GUI)?
 User interacts with
menus and visual
images such as buttons
and other graphical
objects
 Basic Interface
 Windows Aero
Interface

p. 403 Fig. 8-5a and 8-5b

 Operating System Functions
What is single user/
multitasking?
 Working on two or
more programs that
reside in memory at
same time
 Foreground contains
program you are using
 Background contains
programs that are
running but are not
in use

p. 403 - 404 Fig. 8-6

 Operating System Functions
What are other program management features of
operating systems?
Enables two or
multiprocessing more users to
run programs
simultaneously
Can support two
or more processors
running programs multiuser
at same time
Has duplicate
components such as
processors, memory
fault-tolerant computer and disk drives
Continues to
operate when one
of its components
p. 405 fails
 Operating System Functions
What is Memory Management?
 Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)
 With Virtual Memory, portion of hard disk is allocated
to function as RAM

p. 405 - 406 Fig. 8-8

 Operating System Functions
How does an operating system schedule jobs?

Adjusts schedule
based on
job’s priority Sending
Receiving data
information
from input device
to output device
A job is an operation
the processor manages Transferring items
Processing
between storage
instructions
and memory

p. 407
 Operating System Functions
What is Spooling?
 Sending print jobs to buffer instead of
directly to printer
 Print jobs line up in queue.

p. 407 Fig. 8-9

 Operating System Functions
How do you establish an Internet connection?
 Windows Vista includes
Connect to a network
wizard
 Guides user through setting
up connection between
computer and Internet
service provider

p. 409 Fig. 8-11

 Operating System Functions
How does an operating system monitor performance?
 Provides program, called performance monitor,
that assesses and reports information about
system resources
and devices

p. 409 Fig. 8-12

 Operating System Functions
What is a ___________________________?
 An OS that organizes and coordinates how
multiple users access and share resources
on a network
 Allows users to share resources on a
network
 Administers security
by establishing user
name and password for
each user

p. 410 Fig. 8-13

 Operating System Utility Programs
What is a Utility Program?
 System software that performs
maintenance-type tasks
 Also called
Utility

p. 411 Fig. 8-14

 Operating System Utility Programs
What is a File Manager?
 Performs functions related to file management
 Search utility
attempts to
locate files on
your computer
 Image viewer
displays, copies,
and prints
contents of
graphics file

p. 412 Figs. 8-15–8-16

 Operating System Utility Programs
What is a Personal Firewall?
 Detects and protects a personal computer from
unauthorized intrusions
 Windows Vista
automatically
enables the built-
in personal
firewall upon
installation

p. 413 Figs. 8-17

 Operating System Utility Programs
What is an Uninstaller?

Removes a In Windows Vista,

program and uninstaller is available through
all associated files the Uninstall a program command
in the Control Panel

p. 413
 Operating System Utility Programs
What is a Disk Scanner?
 Searches for and removes
unnecessary files
 Windows Vista includes
Disk Cleanup

p. 414 Fig. 8-18

 Operating System Utility Programs
What is a Disk Defragmenter?
 Reorganizes files and unused space on hard
disk so that programs run faster

p. 414 Fig. 8-19

 Operating System Utility Programs
What is a Diagnostics Utility?
 Compiles technical information about
hardware and some software
 Prepares report outlining problems

p. 414
 Operating System Utility Programs
What is a Back Up Utility?
 Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto
another storage medium
 Most compress files
during backup to
require less storage
space

p. 415 Fig. 8-20

 Operating System Utility Programs
What is a Screen Saver?
 Causes monitor’s screen to display moving
image or blank screen if there is no activity
for a specified time
 To secure computer,
user configures screen
saver to require
password to
deactivate

p. 415 Fig. 8-21

 Types of Operating Systems
What are some characteristics of operating systems?

Proprietary Device-
Device-
software independent
dependent Privately owned and
Runs only on specific limited to specific vendor Runs on many
type of computer or computer model manufacturers’
computers

Downward
compatible Upward
Works with application compatible
software written for Runs on new versions of
earlier version of operating system
operating system

p. 415 - 416
 Types of Operating Systems
What are three categories of operating systems?

Embedded Network

Stand-alone

p. 416
 Stand-Alone Operating Systems
How do Windows Windows Version Year Released

versions compare? Windows 3.x 1990

Windows NT 3.1 1993
Windows 95 1995
Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996
Windows 98 1998
Windows Millennium Edition 2000
Windows 2000 Professional 2000
Windows XP 2001
Windows XP SP2 2004
Windows Vista 2006

p. 417 Fig. 8-23

 Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Windows XP?
 Fast, reliable Windows operating system
 Available in five
editions:
Home Edition,
Professional
Edition,
Tablet PC Edition,
Media Center
Edition,
and 64-bit Edition

p. 417 - 418 Fig. 8-24

 Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Windows Vista?
 Successor to Windows XP, containing a new
interface and new / enhanced features
 Available in several
editions, grouped into
Home and Business
categories

p. 418 - 419 Fig. 8-25

 Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What are some features of Windows Vista?
Windows Vista Features

Reliability and Performance

Security
Information Management
Appearance and Navigation
Communications and the Internet

p. 419
 Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Mac OS X?
 Available only for computers manufactured
by Apple
 Macintosh operating
system has been
model for most GUIs

p. 420 Fig. 8-28

 Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is UNIX?
 Multitasking
operating system
developed in 1970’s by
Bell Laboratories
 Used by power users
because of its
flexibility and power
 Most versions
offer GUI
 Available for
computers of all
sizes
p. 420 Fig. 8-29
 Stand-Alone Operating Systems
What is Linux?
 Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type
operating system
 Open-source software—
code is available to
public
 Both a stand-alone
and a network
operating system

p. 421 - 422 Fig. 8-30

 Network Operating Systems
An Os that is designed to
support a network. NetWare
Designed for
client/server
networks

Windows UNIX / Linux

Server 2008 Multi-purpose
Upgrade to Windows operating system
2003 Server
Solaris
 Version of UNIX
developed by Sun
Microsystems
 Specifically for
e-commerce
applications

p. 422 - 423
 Embedded Operating Systems
What is an ________________________?
embedded operating system
 Found on most smart
phones and small devices
 Windows Embedded CE is
scaled-down version of
Windows designed for use
communication,
entertainment, and
computing devices with
limited functionality.
 Ex. VoIP, digital cameras,
portable media player, etc.
p. 423 Fig. 8-31
 Embedded Operating Systems
What are three operating systems for PDAs?
 Windows Mobile for Pocket PC
 Palm OS for Palm
 Blackberry

p. 424 - 425 Figs. 8-32 - 8-34

 Embedded Operating Systems
What is Embedded Linux?
 Scaled-down Linux operating system
designed for smart phones, PDAs,
smart watches, set-top boxes,
Internet telephones, and other
devices
 Offers many PIM functions

p. 425
 Embedded Operating Systems
What is Symbian OS?
 Open-source, multitasking operating system
designed for smart phones
 Make telephone calls,
save appointments,
browse Web, send
and receive text and picture
messages, e-mail messages,
faxes, and more

p. 425 Fig. 8-35

 Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is a virus?
 Potentially damaging computer program
 Affects computer without user’s knowledge

• An unusual message or image is displayed on the

computer screen
• An unusual sound or music plays randomly
• The available memory is less than what should be
SIGNS OF available
VIRUS • A program or file suddenly is missing
INFECTION • An unknown program or file mysteriously appears
• The size of a file changes without explanation
• A file becomes corrupted
• A program or file does not work properly
• System properties change
• The operating system runs much slower than usual

p. 425 - 426 Fig. 8-36

 Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is an Anti-virus program?
 Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage
media, and incoming files
 Must be updated frequently

p. 426 Fig. 8-37

 Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is spyware?
 Program placed on a computer without the user’s
knowledge that secretly collects information about the
user
 Often enters a computer as a result of a user installing
a new program
 A Spyware Remover is a program that detects and
deletes spyware

p. 427
 Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What are internet filters?
 Programs that remove or block certain items from
being displayed

Anti-Spam Web
Programs Filters

Phishing Pop-up
Filters Blockers

p. 427
 Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is a File Compression Utility?
 Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve
performance
 Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files
 Two popular utilities:
PKZIP and WinZip

p. 427
 Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is a Media Player?
 Allows you to view
images and animation,
listen to audio, and
watch video files on
your computer

p. 428 Fig. 8-38

 Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is CD/DVD burning Software?
 Writes text, graphics,
audio, and video files to
a recordable or
rewriteable CD or DVD

p. 428 Fig. 8-39

 Stand-Alone Utility Programs
What is a personal computer maintenance utility?
 Identifies and fixes operating system problems and
disk problems
 Some continuously
monitor computer to
identify problems
before they occur

p. 428 Fig. 8-40

Summary of Operating Systems and Utility Programs

Define
Definean
anoperating
operatingsystem
system
Discuss
Discussaavariety
varietyofofstand-alone
stand-alone
operating
operating systems, network operatingsystems,
systems, network operating systems,
and
andembedded
embeddedoperating
operatingsystems
systems
Discuss
Discussthe
thefunctions
functionscommon
commontoto
most
mostoperating
operatingsystems
systems
Describe
Describeseveral
severalstand-alone
stand-alone
utility
utilityprograms
programs
Introduce
Introduceseveral
severalutility
utilityprograms
programscommonly
commonly
found in operating systems
found in operating systems

Chapter 8 Complete